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Temperature Gradient Induced Orientation Change of Bi Grains in Sn–Bi57–Ag0.7 Solder Joint

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第7期35卷 1184-1194页

作者： yinbo Chen Zhaoqing Gao Zhi-Quan Liu Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

Sn-Bi-X solders are widely used in electronic packaging ***,thermomigration(TM)behaviors of Sn-BiX solder joints and the orientations change of Bi grains under the temperature gradient are rarely *** this study,Sn-Bi57-Ag0.7/Cu solder joints were used to conduct a TM test under a temperature gradient of 625℃/cm for 400 h,and an isothermal aging test at 85℃was also conducted for *** microstructural evolution of Sn-Bi-X solder joints after reflow,TM and isothermal aging were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA).The results indicated that the Sn/Bi areal ratio after TM did not change significantly whether at the hot end(from 46.78%/52.12%to 50.90%/48.78%)or at the cold end(from 50.25%/49.64%to 48.71%/51.16%)compared with that of as-reflowed samples due to the insufficient thermal *** thickness of intermetallic compound(IMC)after TM at hot end(2.49μm)was very close to that of the IMC at cold end(2.52μm),which was also close to that of the aged *** addition,the preferred orientations of Sn and Bi grains in different Sn–Bi–Ag solder joints resulting from different conditions(reflow,TM and isothermal aging)were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The obtained results demonstrated that both Sn and Bi grains had no preferred orientation whether after reflowor isothermal aging,while the orientation of Bi grains of the sample after TM changed from random direction to c-axis([0001]direction)parallel to the heat *** 3 Sn could hinder the change of orientation of Bi grains under the temperature gradient,and the corresponding mechanism was also systematically *** study firstly revealed the orientation change of Bi grains under the temperature gradient,which would have a profound guiding significance for enhancing the reliabilities of Sn–Bi–Ag solder joints.

关键词： Sn–Bi–Ag solder Grain orientation Temperature gradient Aging Ag3Sn

Influence of External Interface Normal Stress on the Growth of Cu-Sn IMC During Aging

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第10期33卷 1388-1396页

作者： Changchang Wang yinbo Chen Zhi-Quan Liu Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

A U-shape clamp was designed to apply stress perpendicular to the interface of Cu/Sn/Cu solder joints,and its influence on the growth behavior of Cu-Sn intermetallic compound(IMC)during thermal aging at 150℃ was *** results show that compared with the sample at general stress-free state,the growth rate of IMC under compression is faster,while that under tension is ***,the interface between IMC and Sn is smoother under compressive stress,and the corresponding IMC grains are smaller and more uniform than that under tensile *** to the growth kinetic analysis,the growth of IMC under general,compressive and tensile states is all controlled by the combination of grain boundary diffusion and volume diffusion with a similar growth exponent(n≈0.4).However,external stress can affect the Ostwald ripening process of grain growth,causing a change of grain size and grain boundary density in the IMC *** a result,the IMC growth behavior at the interface of the solder joint will be affected by the applied external normal stress.

关键词： Cu-Sn IMC Growth behavior External stress effect Isothermal aging

Discontinuous phase diagram of amorphous carbons

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 164-171页

作者： yinbo Zhu ZhouYu Fang ZhongTing Zhang HengAn Wu CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The short-range order and medium-range order of amorphous carbons demonstrated in experiments allow us to rethink whether there exist intrinsic properties hidden by atomic disordering. Here we presented six representative phases of amorphous carbons（0.1–3.4 g/cm3）, namely, disordered graphene network（DGN）, high-density amorphous carbon（HDAC）, amorphous diaphite（a-DG）, amorphous diamond（a-D）, paracrystalline diamond（p-D）, and nano-polycrystalline diamond（NPD）, respectively, classified by their topological features and microstructural characterizations that are comparable with experiments. To achieve a comprehensive physical landscape for amorphous carbons, a phase diagram was plotted in the sp3/sp2versus density plane, in which the counterintuitive discontinuity originates from the inherent difference in topological microstructures, further guiding us to discover a variety of phase transitions among different amorphous carbons. Intriguingly, the power law, log（sp3/sp2） ∝ ρn, hints at intrinsic topology and hidden order in amorphous carbons, providing an insightful perspective to reacquaint atomic disorder in non-crystalline carbons.

关键词： amorphous carbons disordered carbons phase diagram microstructural topology phase transition

A Novel Model for CFD-Based Throughflow Analysis of Film-Cooled Turbine Blade

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1759-1772页

作者： MAO yinbo CHEN Ziyu SU Xinrong YUAN Xin Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

This paper presents a novel approach of modeling the air-cooled turbine with CFD-based throughflow analysis. Starting from the basic equations of motion, governing equations and source terms for mass, momentum and energy are formulated in an analytical manner. These source terms are to mimic the authentic injection-mainstream interactions with easy implementation. The source terms in the aero-cooling scenario are related to corresponding sources in the aerodynamic-only analysis. Based on such formulations, a novel strategy is developed to estimate aerodynamic characteristics of a blade row under film cooling with known characteristics under no cooling. The model and the strategy are validated in the classic NASA E3 turbine guide vane under various operating conditions. Sensitivity studies of input parameters are conducted to evaluate the applicability of the proposed model. Specifically, the flow rate distributions of cooling flow at different cooling holes are crucial for accurate predictions.

关键词： film cooling turbine aerodynamics throughflow

Magnetic transitions and magnetocaloric effect in MnAs_(0.9)P_(0.1)

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2012年第1期25卷 76-80页

作者： Naikun SUN Feng LIU yinbo GAO Jinjun LIU School of Science Shenyang Ligong University Shenyang 110159 China Faculty of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China

The compound MnAs0.9P0.1 exhibits a multistep magnetic order-order transition from a helimagnetic γ-phase with Hα-type magnetic order to a ferromagnetic β-phase at 80 K and then to a helimagnetic α-phase at 203 K. The γ-β transition exhibits the characteristics of a first-order transition with a thermal hysteresis as large as 6 K, while the β-α transition is of second order with a thermal hysteresis smaller than 2 K and without magnetic hysteresis. With these two successive helimagnetism-related transitions, magnetic-entropy changes of -2.1 J/（kg·K） at 203 K for a field change from 0 to 5 T and 0.1 J/（kg·K） at 83 K for a field change from 0 to 1 T are obtained. Investigation of the magnetocaloric effect associated with a transition from Hα-type magnetic order to FM order may open a new route to explore candidates for magnetic refrigeration.

关键词： Magnetocaloric effect Hysteresis first-order transition

Molecular levers enable anomalously enhanced strength and toughness of cellulose nanocrystal at cryogenic temperature

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 8036-8041页

作者： YuanZhen Hou Jun Xia ZeZhou He yinbo Zhu HengAn Wu CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

The quest for widespread applications especially in extreme environments accentuates the necessity to design materials with robust mechanical and thermodynamic *** all existing materials yield temperature-variant mechanical properties,essentially determined by their different atomic bonding *** general,weak non-covalent interactions are considered to diminish the structural anti-destabilization of covalent crystals despite the toughening ***,starting from multiscale theoretical modeling,we herein reveal an anomalous stabilizing effect in cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)by the cooperation between the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and covalent glucosidic skeleton,namely molecular levers(MLs).It is surprising to find that the hydrogen bonds in MLs behave like covalent bindings under cryogenic conditions,which provide anomalously enhanced strength and toughness for *** analyses demonstrate that the unique dynamical mechanical behaviors from ambient to deep cryogenic temperatures are synergetic results of the intrinsic temperature dependence veiled in MLs and the overall thermo-induced CNC destabilization/*** the consequence,the variation trend of mechanical strength exhibits a bilinear temperature dependence with~77 K as the turning *** underlying investigations not only establish the bottom–up interrelations from the hydrogen bonding thermodynamics to the crystal-scale mechanical properties,but also facilitate the potential application of cellulose-based materials at extremely low temperatures such as those in outer space.

关键词： cellulose nanocrystal molecular lever thermodynamic stability thermo-mechanical behavior cryogenic temperature

Integrated engineering of enzymes and microorganisms for improving the efficiency of industrial lignocellulose deconstruction

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Engineering Microbiology 2021年第1期1卷 11-20页

作者： Guodong Liu yinbo Qu State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China National Glycoengineering Research Center Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals represents a new manufacturing paradigm that can help address society’s energy,resource,and environmental ***,the low efficiency and high cost of lignocellulolytic enzymes currently used hinder their use in the industrial deconstruction of *** overcome these challenges,research efforts have focused on engineering the properties,synergy,and production of lignocellulolytic ***,lignocellulolytic enzymes’catalytic efficiency,stability,and toler-ance to inhibitory compounds have been improved through enzyme mining and ***,synergistic actions between different enzyme components have been strengthened to construct customized enzyme cocktails for the degradation of specific lignocellulosic ***,biological processes for protein synthesis and cell morphogenesis in microorganisms have been engineered to achieve a high level and low-cost production of lignocellulolytic *** this review,the relevant progresses and challenges in these fields are *** engineering is proposed to be essential to achieve cost-effective enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulose in the future.

关键词： Lignocellulose Cellulase Hemicellulase Fungi Genetic engineering Biorefinery

Analysis and optimization of thermal management system for cylindrical power battery based on distributed liquid cooling plates

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第12期67卷 3695-3706页

作者： ZHAO Yang ZHANG Tao WANG Chun TANG yinbo XI Huan National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Future Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Ningbo Deye Energy Storage Technology Co. Ltd.

To ensure the battery works in a suitable temperature range, a new design for distributed liquid cooling plate is proposed, and a battery thermal management system(BTMS) for cylindrical power battery pack based on the proposed cooling plate is also investigated. To verify the accuracy of the battery model and battery pack numerical calculation model used for simulation, an experiment is conducted for the liquid cooling BTMS. The influence of key working parameters, including the cooling water inlet flow, ambient temperature and working conditions, are investigated. The results show that at the discharge rate of 3 C, the best cooling performance can be achieved when the total inlet mass flow rate is 3.2 g/s and the flow distribution is 3:1:1:3. The obtained maximum temperature is 29.6°C and the maximum temperature difference is 2.1°C. When the ambient temperature is in the range of 20°C to 50°C, the proposed BTMS can keep the temperature of battery pack in the proper range. Finally, different inlet flow rates are recommended according to different battery working states.

关键词： lithium battery battery model battery thermal management liquid cooling plate distributed cooling

Climate change threats to protected plants of China: an evaluation based on species distribution modeling

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第34期59卷 4652-4659页

作者： yinbo Zhang Yuzhuo Wang Minggang Zhang Keping Ma College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Shanxi University Institute of Loess Plateau Shanxi University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

Climate change poses major new challenges to biodiversity conservation. Distribution ranges of species have been proven to be affected by climate *** the extent of protected species response to climate change can help formulate flexible conservation strategies to overcome the changing climate. Using species distribution modeling and high resolution climate data, we simulated current distribution patterns of 233 protected plants in China. Those patterns were then projected into future suitable habitats for each species under nine climate change scenarios, with no migration or full migration hypotheses. Under the most extreme climate change scenario(CGCM-B2a), we evaluated species extinction *** percent of protected plants are expected to lose more than 30 % of their current ranges. By calculating areal shifts, hotspots for emigrants, immigrants, and persistent species were identified under climate *** conservation strategies were addressed for thoseregions. Those strategies strongly depend on the migration types of species and sensitivity of the hotspots to changing climate. In hotspots for emigrants, the main conservation strategy is ex situ protection; protected species from these regions should be stored in seed banks or botanical gardens. For hotspots of immigrants, enough space should be maintained for new species, and some measures are necessary to assist dispersal. For hotspots of persistent species,more natural reserves are needed. We highlight related fields that can help conserve protected species in the future,such as conserving the soil seed bank and understanding of the effects of migration ability and interactions between protected species.

关键词：气候变化物种分布保护植物建模评估中国生物多样性保护土壤种子库