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How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 394-423页

作者： Bo Yu Dai-yin Chao Yang Zhao Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture The Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land *** sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water *** have studied how plants sense drought stress,or osmotic stress caused by drought,ever since Charles Darwin,and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in *** stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level,including changes in turgor,cell wall stiffness and integrity,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume,and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream *** this review,we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms,compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms,prospected how plants sense changes in turgor,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants,animals,yeasts,and bacteria,summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs,such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation,membrane water permeability,root hydrotropism,root halotropism,Casparian strip and suberin lamellae,and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple *** also discussed the core scientific questions,provided perspective about the future directions in this field,and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.

关键词： cell volume drought membrane tension osmotic stress turgor

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Advances in laser-plasma interactions using intense vortex laser beams

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 14-42页

作者： yin Shi Xiaomei Zhang Alexey Arefiev Baifei Shen Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Physics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Low-intensity light beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM),commonly known as vortex beams,have garnered significant attention due to promising applications in areas ranging from optical trapping to *** recent years,there has been a surge in global research exploring the potential of high-intensity vortex laser beams and specifically their interactions with *** paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in this *** with conventional laser beams,intense vortex beams exhibit unique properties such as twisted phase fronts,OAM delivery,hollow intensity distribution,and spatially isolated longitudinal *** distinct characteristics give rise to a multitude of rich phenomena,profoundly influencing laser-plasma interactions and offering diverse *** paper also discusses future prospects and identifies promising general research areas involving vortex *** areas include low-divergence particle acceleration,instability suppression,high-energy photon delivery with OAM,and the generation of strong magnetic *** growing scientific interest and application potential,the study of intense vortex lasers is poised for rapid development in the coming years.

关键词： intense vortex laser orbital angular momentum laser plasma interactions high power laser high energy density science

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Study on the evaluation method of polymerisation degree based on Raman spectroscopic plot

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High Voltage 2024年第4期9卷 794-804页

作者： Zhuang Yang Weigen Chen Zhixian yin Dingkun Yang National Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina

In order to achieve accurate quantitative evaluation of the ageing state of oil paper insulation,an evaluation method of polymerisation degree(DP)of oil-paper insulation based on Raman spectroscopic plot is *** covering the full ageing stage of oil-paper insulation were obtained by accelerated thermal ageing *** samples were tested by Raman spectra,and the Raman spectra were converted into Raman spectroscopic plot using Gramian angular *** extraction was performed on the images using local binary pattern(LBP),and 28 feature variables were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and uninformative variable ***,the DP prediction model was constructed by long short-term memory neural network(LSTM).The training accuracy exceeded 90%,and the mean absolute deviation of DP prediction for 45 test samples was only 40.70.A new visual detection method for transformer ageing diagnosis is presented.

关键词： insulation spectroscopic prediction

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Vibration suppression for rotating space slender flexible structures based on novel deformation description and NNSMC controller with hyperbolic tangent function

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第10期37卷 339-364页

作者： Dongyang SHANG Xiaopeng LI Men yin Sainan ZHOU School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

Rotating Space Slender Flexible Structures(RSSFS)are extensively utilized in space operations because of their light weight,mobility,and low energy *** realize the accurate space operation of the RSSFS,it is necessary to establish a precise mechanical model and develop a control algorithm with high ***,with the application of traditional control strategies,the RSSFS often suffers from the chattering phenomenon,which will aggravate structure *** this paper,novel deformation description is put forward to balance modeling accuracy and computational efficiency of the RSSFS,which is better appropriate for real-time ***,the Neural Network Sliding Mode Control(NNSMC)strategy modified by the hyperbolic tangent(tanh)function is put forward to compensate for modeling errors and reduce the chattering phenomenon,thereby improving the trajectory tracking accuracy of the ***,a mathematical model for the RSSFS is developed according to the novel deformation description and the vibration theory of flexible *** of the deformation accuracy between different models proves that the novel modeling method proposed has high modeling ***,the universal approximation property of the Radial Basis Function(RBF)neural network is put forward to determine and compensate for modeling errors,which consist of higher-order modes and the uncertainties of external *** addition,the tanh function is proposed as the reaching law in the conventional NNSMC strategy to suppress driving torque *** control law of modified NNSMC strategy and the adaptive law of weight coefficients are developed according to the Lyapunov theorem to guarantee the RSSFS ***,the simulation and physical experimental tests of the RSSFS with different control strategies are *** results show that the control law according to the novel deformation description and the modified NNSMC strategy can obta

关键词： Space slender flexible structure Novel deformation description RBF neural network Vibration suppression Hyperbolic tangent function

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Transient features of graphitization and nitrogen-vacancy color centers in a diamond fabricated by localization femtosecond laser direct writing

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2530-2536页

作者： CUI Lin yin SiYu HU ZiFan WANG Lei State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

Femtosecond laser direct writing provides an efficient approach to fabricating single nitrogen vacancy(NV) color centers with a relatively high yield. Different from previously reported NV color centers with a random distribution in a bulk diamond or nanocrystals, this gives an opportunity to study the photophysical properties of single NV color centers with precise numbers and positions. However, ultrafast studies on single NV color centers prepared by localization femtosecond laser direct writing are still rare, especially for the graphitization inside a diamond and its relationship with single NV color centers. Here, we report the broadband transient absorption(TA) spectroscopic features of the graphitization and NV color centers in a diamond fabricated by localization femtosecond laser direct writing at room temperature under 400 nm excitation. In comparison with the graphene oxide film, the bleaching features of the graphitization point array in a diamond are similar to reduced graphene oxide,accompanied by excited state absorption signals from local carbon atom vacancy defects in graphene-like structures induced by laser writing. On the other hand, transient features of laser processing array containing single NV color centers with a yield of~50% are different from those of the graphitization point array. Our findings suggest that for ultrashort pulse processing of diamonds, broadband TA spectral signals are sensitive to the surrounding atomic environment of processing sites, which could be applied to laser writing point defects in other materials used as solid-state single photon sources.

关键词： nitrogen-vacancy color center graphitization diamond femtosecond laser direct writing ultrafast spectroscopy

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Legume green manure can intensify the function of chemical nitrogen fertilizer substitution via increasing nitrogen supply and uptake of wheat

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1222-1232页

作者： Jingui Wei Zhilong Fan Falong Hu Shoufa Mao Fang yin Qiming Wang Qiang Chai Wen yin State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science Lanzhou 730070GansuChina College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070GansuChina

Achieving the green development of agriculture requires the reduction of chemical nitrogen(N)fertilizer *** studies have confirmed that returning green manure to the field is an effective measure to improve crop yields while substituting partial chemical N ***,it remains unclear how to further intensify the substituting function of green manure and elucidate its underlying agronomic *** a split-plot field experiment in spring wheat,different green manures returned to the field under reduced chemical N supply was established in an oasis area since 2018,in order to investigate the effect of green manure and reduced N on grain yield,N uptake,N use efficiency(NUE),N nutrition index,soil organic matter,and soil N of wheat in *** results showed that mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch can substitute 40%of chemical N fertilizer without reducing grain yield or N ***,mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch under reduced N by 20%showed the highest N agronomy efficiency and recovery efficiency,which were 92.0%and 46.0%higher than fallow after wheat harvest and conventional N application rate,*** increase in NUE of wheat was mainly attributed to mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch,which increased N transportation quantity and transportation rate at pre-anthesis,enhanced N harvest index,optimized N nutrition index,and increased activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase of leaf,***,mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch under reduced N by 20%improved soil organic matter and N ***,mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch can substitute 40%of chemical N fertilizer while maintaining grain yield and N accumulation,and it combined with reduced chemical N by 20%or 40%improved NUE of wheat via enhancing N supply and uptake.

关键词： Legume green manure Reduced N input Wheat N uptake and supply Agronomic mechanism

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Understanding the Roles of Genius and Taste in the Production of Beauty:A Kantian Approach to Artistic Intention

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 139-158页

作者： Zhang yin CUNY Graduate Center New YorkUSA

The intention of achieving objectives through art seemingly conflicts with Kant's tenet that judgments of taste should be devoid of conceptual *** to Kant,beautiful art must be viewed as the product of genius,a rare gift of nature that operates through the work of aesthetic *** prompts inquiries into the respective roles of genius and taste in the production of beautiful *** has been proposed that genius is a mere concept,a universal capacity,or a collaborator with taste,but these accounts are found to be *** upon Kant's distinction between free beauty and adherent beauty,this paper demonstrates that genius is neither sufficient nor necessary to produce beautiful ***,this paper investigates the significance of taste in artistic production,taking into consideration the autonomy and refinement of taste over time.

关键词： Intention Genius Taste Beauty Art

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Metaphors of Despair and Enlightenment: A Case Study Based on Du Fu's Four Poems on Sick or Withered Trees

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2024年第2期18卷 168-181页

作者： JIANG yin School of Chinese Language and Literature South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

In the second year of the Shangyuan period(761),Du Fu wrote a quartet of poems on sick or withered *** are“The Sick Cypress,”“The Withered Palms,”“The Sick Orange Tree,”and“The Withered Nanmu Tree.”Different from his previous practice of using trees to embody personal aspirations,the poet employed sick or withered trees to allude social *** poems,rich with profound contemplation on individuals,society,and the Tang Dynasty,cover many important topics,such as the poet's bleak future,the decline of people's livelihoods,the immorality of rulers,and even the decline of the Tang *** poems reveal his disappointment with the future of his country and his personal *** disenchantment reflects the pivotal shift in Du Fu's later thoughts,revealing the impetus behind his relinquishment of political aspirations in favor of poetic *** this regard,this quartet of poems is the most thought-provoking exploration,with an undeniable value among Du Fu's later works.

关键词： Tang poetry Du Fu sick or withered trees despair enlightenment

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Radar false alarm plots elimination based on multi-feature extraction and classification

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2024年第1期31卷 83-92页

作者： Cheng Yi Zhao Yan yin Peiwen School of Control Science and Engineering Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control of Electrical Equipment Tianjin 300387China

Caused by the environment clutter,the radar false alarm plots are *** false alarm points has always been a key issue in Radar plots *** this paper,a radar false alarm plots elimination method based on multi-feature extraction and classification is proposed to effectively eliminate false alarm ***,the density based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)algorithm is used to cluster the radar echo data processed by constant false-alarm rate(CFAR).The multi-features including the scale features,time domain features and transform domain features are ***,a feature evaluation method combining pearson correlation coefficient(PCC)and entropy weight method(EWM)is proposed to evaluate interrelation among features,effective feature combination sets are selected as inputs of the ***,False alarm plots classified as clutters are *** experimental results show that proposed method can eliminate about 90%false alarm plots with less target loss rate.

关键词： radar plots elimination density based spatial clustering of applications with noise multi-feature extraction classifier

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Structural and Chemical Characterization of the Ediacaran Embryo-Like Fossils via the Combination of 3D-XRM and FIB-SEM Approaches

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1204-1214页

作者： Qian Chen Weichen Sun Suping Wu Zongjun yin State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing211135China

The three-dimensional(3D)morphology,anatomy,and in-situ chemical composition analysis of fossils are crucial for systematic paleontology and determining their phylogenetic *** electron microscopy(SEM)coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),offers valuable structural and chemical information for the analysis of ***,its primary limitation is the restriction to two-dimensional surface data,which limits the exploration of fossils’3D ***,3D X-ray microscopy(3D-XRM),also known as a novel form of micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)facilitates the non-destructive 3D reconstruction of fossil ***,it lacks the capability to provide in-situ compositional *** the constraints inherent in these individual techniques,and in response to the evolving requirements of paleontological research,this study introduces an integrated approach that combines 3D-XRM with EDS-coupled focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM).This innovative strategy is designed to synergize the advantages of both techniques,thereby addressing challenges that conventional methods *** enables the rapid identification of regions of interest(ROI)within fossil specimens at micrometer ***,this method collects detailed data on both 3D structures and chemical compositions at the nanometer scale for the identified *** integrated approach represents a significant advancement in paleontological and geological research methodologies,promising to meet the increasing demands of these fields.

关键词： Embryo-like microfossils structural and chemical characterization 3D-XRM FIB-SEM 3D reconstruction

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