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Comparison of carbon sequestration efficiency in soil aggregates between upland and paddy soils in a red soil region of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第6期18卷 1348-1359页

作者： LIU Kai-lou HUANG Jing LI Da-ming YU Xi-chu ye hui-cai HU hui-wen HU Zhi-hua HUANG Qing-hai ZHANG hui-min Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable LandBeijing 100081P.R.China Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in JiangxiMinistry of AgricultureNanchang 331717P.R.China

There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency(CSE)of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization *** a red soil region of southern China,an upland soil experiment started in 1986 and a paddy soil experiment commenced in *** experiments were conducted using different fertilization *** 30 years,soil organic carbon(SOC)content and stock of different aggregate components were *** results showed that the SOC contents and stocks in upland soil were lower than in paddy *** both upland and paddy soils,the SOC contents and stocks of all aggregate components in NPKM(combined treatment with chemical nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)fertilizers and manure)were the highest among all *** with CK(no fertilizer),SOC content of all aggregate components in NPKM was increased by 13.21–63.11%and 19.13–73.33%in upland and paddy soils,***,the change rates in SOC stock of all aggregate components in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil,although the change rate of SOC stock of all aggregate components in NPKM was higher than in other ***,a linear equation could fit the relationships between carbon(C)input and change rate of SOC stock(P<0.05).Results indicated that the sum of CSE from all aggregate components in upland soil(16.02%)was higher than that of paddy soil(15.12%)in the same climatic condition and from the same parent ***,the CSEs from all aggregates were higher than that of bulk soil,although the result from bulk soil also showed that the CSE of upland soil was higher than that of paddy soil.

关键词： CSE SOC stock soil aggregate C input long-term fertilization

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Effects of Long-Term Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Carbon in a Paddy Field: A Case Study on Red Soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 570-576页

作者： HUANG Qing-hai LI Da-ming LIU Kai-lou YU Xi-chu ye hui-cai HU hui-wen XU Xiao-lin WANG Sai-lian ZHOU Li-jun DUAN Ying-hua ZHANG Wen-ju National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Ministry of Agricultural/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Soil organic carbon （SOC） is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expansion in south China. A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the SOC content and organic carbon input under various organic amendments at a long-term fertilization experiment that was established on a red soil under a double rice cropping system in 1981. The treatments included non-fertilization （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization in early rice only （NPK）, green manure （Astragalus sinicus L.） in early rice only （OM1）, high rate of green manure in early rice only （OM2）, combined green manure in early rice and farmyard manure in late rice （OM3）, combined green manure in early rice, farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw mulching in winter （OM4）, combined green manure in early rice and rice straw mulching in winter （OMS）. Our data showed that the SOC content was the highest under OM3 and OM4, followed by OM1, OM2 and OM5, then NPK fertilization, and the lowest under non-fertilization. However, our analyses in SOC stock indicated a significant difference between OM3 （33.9 t ha^-1） and OM4 （31.8 t ha^-1）, but no difference between NPK fertilization （27 t ha^-1） and nonfertilization （28.1 t ha^-1）. There was a significant linear increase in SOC over time for all treatments, and the slop of linear equation was greater in organic manure treatments （0.276-0.344 g kg-1 yr^-1） than in chemical fertilizer （0.216 g kg^-1 yr^-1） and no fertilizer （0.127 g kg^-1 yr^-1）.

关键词： long-term field experiment organic amendments soil organic carbon paddy soil derived from red earth

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Real-world evidence on the efficacy and safety of vonoprazanamoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori treatment in elderly patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 68-78页

作者： Wen Gao Jing-Wen Li hui ye Xue-Zhi Zhang Jian-Xiang Liu Hong Cheng Department of Gastroenterology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China School of Medicine Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100034China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Integrative Medicine Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China

BACKGROUND A dual therapy regimen containing amoxicillin is a common treatment option for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori(***).While substantial research supports the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and amoxicillin(VA)dual therapy in the general population,there is still a lack of studies specifically focusing on its safety in elderly *** To evaluate efficacy and safety of VA dual therapy as first-line or rescue treatment for *** in elderly *** As a real-world retrospective study,data were collected from elderly patients aged 60 years and above who accepted VA dual therapy(vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily+amoxicillin 1000 mg thrice daily for 14 days)for *** eradication in the Department of Gastroenterology at Peking University First Hospital between June 2020 and January *** status was evaluated by^(13)C-urease breath test 6 weeks after *** adverse events(AEs)during treatment were *** In total,401 cases were ***-one cases were excluded due to loss to follow-up,lack of re-examination,or unwillingness to take *** total of 380 included cases comprised 250 who received VA dual therapy as first-line treatment and 130 who received VA dual therapy as rescue *** was successfully eradicated in 239 cases(95.6%)in the first-line treatment group and 116 cases(89.2%)in the rescue treatment *** overall incidence of AEs was 9.5%for both ***,9.2%of patients experienced an AE in the first-line treatment group and 10.0%in the rescue treatment *** patients discontinued treatment due to AE,with a discontinuation rate of 1.3%.No serious AE *** The VA dual therapy regimen as a first-line treatment and a rescue therapy was effective and safe for elderly patients aged 60 and older.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Vonoprazan Amoxicillin Dual therapy Elderly

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Inhibition and Control Effects of Different Amendments on Cd Activation in Soil and Cd Absorption in Rice

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2021年第4期22卷 33-39页

作者： LIU Kai-lou WAN Guo-yuan ye hui-cai LI Da-ming YU Xi-chu Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil ImprovementNanchang 331717PRC Jiangxi Apiculture Research Institute Nanchang 330052PRC

Through pot tests of early rice and late rice in Cd polluted environment(soil Cd content,1.0 mg/kg),the inhibition and control effects of single application of organic fertilizers involving pig manure and biochar,and their combined application with alkaline amendments involving lime and oyster shell powder on soil Cd activation and rice Cd absorption were *** the correlation between soil available Cd and rice grain Cd was *** results showed that compared with CK which did not involve amendments,the grain yields of early rice and late rice increased by 15.52%~36.01%and 12.02%~27.28%,respectively,the grain Cd content decreased by 24.76%~64.53%and 4.93%~58.32%,respectively,and the grain Cd accumulation decreased by 22.27%~51.76%and 33.84%~46.95%,respectively,except for single pig manure *** particular,the Cd reduction effect of biochar was significantly better than that of pig manure,and the combined application with oyster shell powder was better than that with lime;after the harvest of early and late rice,the available Cd content in soil applied with amendments decreased by 35.00%~65.88%and 30.93%~68.57%,respectively,compared with *** analysis showed that the soil available Cd content and rice grain Cd content could fit the linear equation well(R2>0.70,P<0.05),which demonstrated that the combined application of organic fertilizers and alkaline amendments can quickly reduce the Cd content of rice grain by passivating soil available Cd,and the combined application between biochar and oyster shell powder had a better effect.

关键词： Cd contaminated soil Organic fertilizer Alkaline amendment Rice Grain Cd reduction effect

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Life-Cycle Bearing Capacity for Pre-Stressed T-beams Based on Full-Scale Destructive Test

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 145-166页

作者： Yushan ye Tao Gao Liankun Wang Junjie Ma Yingchun cai Heng Liu Xiaoge Liu China Construction Seventh Engineering Division Corp. Ltd.Zhengzhou450004China School of Water Conservancy and Transportation Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China

To investigate the evolution of load-bearing characteristics of pre-stressed beams throughout their service life and to provide a basis for accurately assessing the actual working state of damaged pre-stressed concrete T-beams,destructive tests were conducted on full-scale pre-stressed concrete *** on the measurement and ana-lysis of beam deﬂection,strain,and crack development under various loading levels during the research tests,combined with the veriﬁcation coefﬁcient indicators speciﬁed in the codes,the veriﬁcation coefﬁcients of bridges at different stages of damage can be *** results indicate that the T-beams experience complete,incom-plete linear,and non-linear stages during the destructive test *** the complete linear elastic stage,both the deﬂection and bottom strain veriﬁcation coefﬁcients comply with the speciﬁcations,indicating a good structural load-bearing capacity no longer adheres to the code’s *** the non-linear stage,both coefﬁcients exhi-bit a sharp increase,resulting in a further decrease in the structure’s load-bearing *** to the pro-visions of the current code,the beam can be in the incomplete linear stage when both values fall within the code’s speciﬁed *** strain veriﬁcation coefﬁcient sourced from the compression zone at the bottom of theﬂange is not recommended for assessing the bridge’s load-bearing capacity.

关键词： Pre-stressed T-beams whole process destructive test bearing capacity veriﬁcation coefﬁcient

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过氧化钙及硅钙肥改良潜育化稻田土壤的效果研究

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植物营养与肥料学报 2015年第1期21卷 138-146页

作者：余喜初李大明黄庆海柳开楼叶会财徐小林胡惠文江西省红壤研究所国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心江西南昌331717

【目的】潜育化水稻土是我国最主要的低产水稻土类型,长期渍水导致的土壤缺氧及活性还原物质过度积累是其最主要特征,这严重影响了水稻的根系发育和产量提高。本研究以鄱阳湖区潜育化稻田土壤为对象,通过田间试验研究过氧化钙和硅钙肥... 详细信息

【目的】潜育化水稻土是我国最主要的低产水稻土类型,长期渍水导致的土壤缺氧及活性还原物质过度积累是其最主要特征,这严重影响了水稻的根系发育和产量提高。本研究以鄱阳湖区潜育化稻田土壤为对象,通过田间试验研究过氧化钙和硅钙肥单施或配施对潜育化稻田土壤的改良效果,旨在为探索潜育化稻田的轻简化改良方法提供理论依据。【方法】田间试验于2012 2013年在鄱阳湖区潜育化双季稻田进行,试验设单施化肥(T1)、化肥+硅钙肥(T2)、化肥+过氧化钙(T3)和化肥+硅钙肥+过氧化钙(T4)4个处理。通过2年4季的田间试验研究了过氧化钙和硅钙肥单施或配施对鄱阳湖区潜育化稻田水稻产量、土壤还原物质总量及土壤物理化学性质的影响,分析了过氧化钙和硅钙肥改良潜育化稻田土壤的效果和应用前景。【结果】过氧化钙和硅钙肥单施或配施均可以提高潜育化稻田的水稻产量,二者配施每季可以提高水稻产量1.06 t/hm22.06 t/hm2,并可促进磷、钾养分向籽粒转移。施硅钙肥对土壤还原物质总量没有明显影响,而施过氧化钙可以显著降低土壤还原物质总量,二者配施可以减少耕层土壤还原物质总量1 cmol/kg以上。随着土层的加深,土壤还原物质总量呈增加的趋势。硅钙肥与过氧化钙配施可以明显提高小于10 mm的中小团聚体的含量。施硅钙肥或过氧化钙对土壤养分含量没有明显影响,但二者配施可以明显提高土壤有机碳、速效磷的含量,但对腐殖质碳、速效钾和全氮含量影响不明显。【结论】施用硅钙肥可以提高潜育化稻田的水稻产量,但对土壤还原物质总量没有明显影响。施用过氧化钙既可以提高水稻产量,又可以降低潜育化稻田的潜育化程度。而硅钙肥和过氧化钙配施不仅可以明显提高水稻产量、降低潜育化稻田的潜育化程度,还可以改善土壤养分供应状况和土壤结构。因此,施用过氧化钙和硅钙肥可以作为改良鄱阳湖区潜育化稻田土壤的一种参考方法。

关键词：潜育化稻田过氧化钙水稻产量还原物质总量土壤养分

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长期定位施肥对玉米根际土壤团聚体有机碳与钾素含量及其相互关系的影响

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土壤通报 2022年第2期53卷 438-444页

作者：李浩柳开楼万国湲余喜初叶会财宋惠洁胡丹丹胡惠文国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心江西省红壤研究所江西南昌330046 河南科技学院资源与环境学院河南新乡453003 江西省养蜂研究所江西南昌330200

【目的】探讨长期定位施肥对玉米根际土壤中不同形态钾素含量变化及其与团聚体组分有机碳含量间的耦合关系,为红壤合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】依托红壤长期施肥定位试验(始于1986年),采集不施肥(CK)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、2... 详细信息

【目的】探讨长期定位施肥对玉米根际土壤中不同形态钾素含量变化及其与团聚体组分有机碳含量间的耦合关系,为红壤合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】依托红壤长期施肥定位试验(始于1986年),采集不施肥(CK)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、2倍氮磷钾肥(DNPK)和氮磷钾配施有机肥(NPKM)5个处理玉米根际土壤,测定不同粒级土壤团聚体的有机碳、交换性钾和非交换性钾含量,探明它们之间的相关关系。【结果】各施肥处理玉米根际土壤不同粒级团聚体组分中>2 mm组分均显著低于0.25~2 mm和2 mm的组分最高,2 mm、0.25-2mm和2 mm团聚体中有机碳与交换性钾、非交换性钾含量均呈现出显著的正相关关系(R 2分别为0.72和0.77,P2 mm团聚体中有机碳含量增加0.1 g kg^(−1),交换性钾和非交换性钾含量分别提高5.69 mg kg^(−1)和2.37 mg kg^(−1)。【结论】在南方红壤地区,长期有机无机肥配施是提高玉米根际土壤大团聚体比例的重要措施,且大团聚体中有机碳含量的增加促进了交换性钾和非交换性钾含量的提高,可为满足作物根系的钾素需求奠定基础。

关键词：红壤玉米根际土壤团聚体有机碳交换性钾

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红壤旱地玉米开花期土壤酶活性对长期施肥的响应

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植物营养与肥料学报 2018年第6期24卷 1610-1618页

作者：柳开楼韩天富胡惠文黄庆海余喜初李大明叶会财胡志华江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站江西南昌330046 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081

【目的】长期施肥条件下,土壤酶活性与土壤养分周转和作物生长密切相关,因此,研究驱动土壤速效氮磷钾养分和作物养分吸收的关键土壤酶活性因子十分重要。【方法】基于始于1986年的红壤旱地长期施肥定位试验,于试验进行31年时的早玉米开... 详细信息

【目的】长期施肥条件下,土壤酶活性与土壤养分周转和作物生长密切相关,因此,研究驱动土壤速效氮磷钾养分和作物养分吸收的关键土壤酶活性因子十分重要。【方法】基于始于1986年的红壤旱地长期施肥定位试验,于试验进行31年时的早玉米开花期(2017年6月18日)采集不施肥(CK)、氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、两倍氮磷钾化肥(2NPK)、氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥(NPKM)、单施有机肥(OM) 5个处理的土壤样品,分析土壤蔗糖转化酶(INV)、脱氢酶(DEH)、纤维素酶(CEL)、脲酶(UR)、多酚氧化物酶(PHOX)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)的变化规律,并利用冗余分析(RDA)探讨了驱动红壤旱地速效养分和玉米氮磷钾含量的关键土壤酶活性因子。【结果】与CK处理相比,施肥可以显著增加红壤旱地的土壤酶活性,且以NPKM处理的土壤酶活性最高。NPKM处理下INV、DEH、UR、PHOX、ACP和BG活性分别比OM处理增加了13.7%、13.5%、10.6%、10.5%、5.6%和13.4%,比2NPK处理增加了32.4%、112.2%、22.8%、33.3%、27.6%和50.4%。但是,在氮磷钾化肥用量之间,呈现出2NPK处理的CEL和UR活性显著高于NPK处理(增幅为26.0%和50.6%),而INV、DEH、PHOX、ACP和BG均无显著差异。土壤pH、有机碳、速效氮磷钾和植株氮磷钾含量也呈现出NPKM处理显著高于其他处理的规律。RDA结果表明,INV、CEL和UR是影响土壤速效氮磷钾和植株养分含量的关键酶活性因子(R2> 0.90,P <0.001)。【结论】在红壤旱地上,玉米开花期土壤酶活性对不同施肥处理的响应规律不同,其中有机无机肥配施更有利于提高土壤酶活性,且纤维素酶和脲酶活性对氮磷钾化肥用量改变的响应比较敏感。土壤蔗糖转化酶、纤维素酶和脲酶可以作为关键酶活性因子表征玉米开花期红壤旱地的养分周转和迁移。

关键词：土壤酶活性红壤旱地开花期长期施肥冗余分析

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鄱阳湖地区长期施肥双季稻稻田生态系统净碳汇效应变化特征

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农业环境科学学报 2011年第5期30卷 1031-1036页

作者：余喜初黄庆海李大明徐小林叶会财陈明江西省红壤研究所农业部鄱阳湖区红壤耕地质量与环境重点野外科学观测站江西进贤331717

以江西省红壤所长期施肥红壤水稻土双季稻农田生态系统为研究对象,利用不同施肥年限作物的产量及土壤有机质含量等测定数据,结合调查获得的生态系统物质和管理投入资料,估算了不同施肥处理双季稻生态系统的碳汇效应和经济效益,并比较了... 详细信息

以江西省红壤所长期施肥红壤水稻土双季稻农田生态系统为研究对象,利用不同施肥年限作物的产量及土壤有机质含量等测定数据,结合调查获得的生态系统物质和管理投入资料,估算了不同施肥处理双季稻生态系统的碳汇效应和经济效益,并比较了不同施肥年限农田生态系统碳汇效应的变化特征。结果表明:有机肥与无机肥配施处理的净碳汇效应最强为-8.78 ***-2.a-1,不施肥处理的净碳汇效应最弱为-4.86 ***-2.a-1,加倍施加化肥虽提高了系统的净碳汇效应,但是作用不显著;不同施肥年限,相同施肥条件农田的作物固碳量和净碳汇效应没有显著性差异,但是土壤固碳量变化显著,施加有机肥可以维持和提高土壤的固碳能力平均达到0.41 ***-.2a-1,在追求更高作物固碳量同时,提高和维持土壤的固碳能力也是提高农田碳汇效应的有效途径。有机肥与无机肥配施处理的平均经济效益为17 568 ***-.2a-1,也高于其他施肥处理。因此,适当施加有机肥不仅可以大幅提高农田生态系统的碳汇效应,还可以显著提高农业生产的经济效益,是实现低碳、高值农业的最有效措施之一。

关键词：长期施肥双季稻农田生态系统净碳汇效应土壤固碳能力年际变化特征

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长期施肥与土壤性质对水稻土磷吸附的影响

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中国土壤与肥料 2018年第3期 61-66,84页

作者：洪欠欠颜晓魏宗强吴建富江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院江西省鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室江西南昌330045

基于长期定位试验(始于1981年),采用磷等温吸附试验方法,研究了不同施肥措施(包括无肥、单施化肥、稻草还田、沼肥)及相关土壤性质对耕层水稻土(0~15 cm)磷吸附特性的影响。结果表明,等温吸附试验中,不同施肥处理的水稻土,随着磷浓度的... 详细信息

基于长期定位试验(始于1981年),采用磷等温吸附试验方法,研究了不同施肥措施(包括无肥、单施化肥、稻草还田、沼肥)及相关土壤性质对耕层水稻土(0~15 cm)磷吸附特性的影响。结果表明,等温吸附试验中,不同施肥处理的水稻土,随着磷浓度的增加,磷的吸附量逐渐增大。对磷等温吸附曲线,用Langmuir方程拟合效果比Freundlich和Temkin方程好,各处理拟合优势度均在0.99以上。基于Langmuir方程计算,土壤磷最大吸附量(X_m)大小顺序为沼肥>稻草>单施化肥>无肥,且沼肥处理显著高于其余3个处理(P<0.05);同时,沼肥处理的磷吸附饱和度亦显著高于其它处理,但处理间土壤磷吸附常数与磷最大缓冲容量无显著差异。X_m值与土壤草酸浸提态磷(P-ox)、无定型铁(Fe-ox)、无定型铝、交换态钙、镁的含量有较高的相关性,其中与P-ox、Fe-ox的相关性最显著,相关系数分别为0.95(P<0.01)、0.64(P<0.05);主成分分析表明,无定型铁、铝与交换态钙、镁是引起不同施肥处理磷吸附差异的主要因素。与无肥及单施化肥相比,长期施用沼肥显著提高了土壤无定型铁、铝的含量(P<0.05),从而增强了土壤磷吸附能力。

关键词：磷水稻土磷吸附沼肥

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