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A new ecological control method for Pisha sandstone based on hydrophilic polyurethane

Journal of Arid Land 2017年第5期9卷 790-796页

作者： LINAG Zhishui WU Zhiren Mohammad NOORI YANG Caiqian yao wenyi School of Civil Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China International Institute for Urban Systems Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 2101)96 China Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loess Process and Control on Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resource Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003 China

The Pisha sandstone-coverd area is among the regions that suffer from the most severe water loss and soil erosion in China and is the main source of coarse sand for the Yellow River. This study demonstrated a new erosion control method using W-OH solution, a type of hydrophilic polyurethane, to prevent the Pisha sandstone from water erosion. We evaluated the comprehensive effects of W-OH on water erosion resistance and vegetation-growth promotion through simulated scouring tests and field demonstrations on the Ordos Plateau of China. The results of simulated scouring tests show that the water erosion resistance of W-OH treated area was excellent and the cumulative sediment yield reduction reached more than 99%. In the field demonstrations, the vegetation coverage reached approximately 95% in the consolidation-green area, and there was almost no shallow trenches on the entire slope in the treated area. In comparison, the control area experienced severe erosion with deep erosion gullies appeared on the slope and the vegetation coverage was less than 30%. This study illustrated that W-OH treatment can protect the Pisha sandstone from erosion and provide the vegetation seeds a chance to grow. Once the vegetation matured, the effects of consolidation-growth mutual promotion can efficiently and effectively improve the water erosion resistance and ecological restoration.

关键词： erosion resistance field experiment growth promotion sediment yield water and soil conservation

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Effects of Shrub on Runoff and Soil Loss at Loess Slopes Under Simulated Rainfall

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第4期27卷 589-599页

作者： XIAO Peiqing yao wenyi SHEN Zhenzhou YANG Chunxia LYU Xizhi JIAO Peng Key Laboratory of the Loess Plateau Soil Erosion and Water Loss Process and Control of Ministry of Water Resources Yellow RiverInstitute of Hydraulic ResearchZhengzhou 450003China

Improved understanding of the effect of shrub cover on soil erosion process will provide valuable information for soil and water conservation *** rainfall simulations were conducted to determine the effects of shrubs on runoff and soil erosion and to ascertain the relationship between the rate of soil loss and the runoff hydrodynamic *** these simulations a 20° slope was subjected to rainfall intensities of 45,87,and 127 mm/*** average runoff rates ranged from 0.51 to 1.26 mm/min for bare soil plots and 0.15 to 0.96 mm/min for shrub *** soil loss rates varied from 44.19 to 114.61 g/(min·m^2) for bare soil plots and from 5.61 to 84.58 g/(min·m^2) for shrub *** was a positive correlation between runoff and soil loss for the bare soil plots,and soil loss increased with increased runoff for shrub plots only when rainfall intensity is 127 mm/*** and soil erosion processes were strongly influenced by soil surface conditions because of the formation of erosion pits and *** unit stream power was the optimal hydrodynamic parameter to characterize the soil erosion *** soil loss rate increased linearly with the unit stream power on both shrub and bare soil *** unit stream power values were 0.004 m/s for bare soil plots and 0.017 m/s for shrub plots.

关键词： runoff soil loss shrub bare soil rainfall intensity loess slope

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Analytical Models for Velocity Distributions in Compound Channels with Emerged and Submerged Vegetated Floodplains

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第4期27卷 577-588页

作者： ZHANG Mingwu JIANG Chunbo HUANG Heqing Gerald Charles NANSON CHEN Zhengbing yao wenyi Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy Commission State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of HydraulicsTsinghua University Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Wollongong

The lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity in open compound channels with emerged and submerged vegetated floodplains were analyzed based on the analytical solution of the depth-integrated Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation with a term to account for the effects of *** three cases considered for open channels were two-stage rectangular channel with emerged vegetated floodplain,rectangular channel with submerged vegetated corner,and two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain,*** predict the depth-averaged velocity with submerged vegetated floodplains,we proposed a new method based on a two-layer approach where flow above and through the vegetation layer was described ***,further experiments in the two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain were carried out to verify the *** analytical solutions of the cases indicated that the corresponding analytical depth-averaged velocity distributions agree well with the simulated and experimental *** analytical solutions of the cases with theoretical foundation and without programming calculation were reasonable and applicable,which were more convenient than numerical *** analytical solutions provided a way for future researches to solve the problems of submerged vegetation and discontinuous phenomenon of depth-averaged velocity at the stage point for compound *** the hydraulics of flow in compound channels with vegetated floodplains is very important for supporting the management of fluvial processes.

关键词： compound channel velocity distribution vegetated floodplain two-stage rectangular channel analytical solution

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Influence of Vegetation on Runoff and Sediment in Wind-water Erosion Crisscross Region in the Upper Yellow River of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第4期27卷 569-576页

作者： WANG Jinhua LI Zhanbin yao wenyi DONG Guotao Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048China Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic ResearcesZhengzhou 450003China

All characteristics of vegetation,runoff and sediment from 1960 to 2010 in the Xiliu Gully Watershed,which is a representative watershed in wind-water erosion crisscross region in the upper reaches of the Yellow River of China,have been analyzed in this *** on the remote sensing image data,and used multi-spectral interpretation method,the characteristics of vegetation variation in the Xiliu Gully Watershed have been *** the rules of precipitation,runoff and sediment's changes have been illuminated by using mathematical statistics ***′s more,the influence mechanism of vegetation on runoff and sediment has been discussed by using the data obtained from artificial rainfall simulation *** results showed that the main vegetation type was given priority to low coverage,and the area of the low vegetation coverage type was reducing year by *** the country,the area of the high vegetation coverage type was gradually *** a word,vegetation conditions had got better improved since 2000 when the watershed management project *** average annual precipitation of the river basin also got slightly increase in 2000–*** average annual runoff reduced by 37.5%,and the average annual sediment reduced by 73.9% in the same *** results of artificial rainfall simulation tests showed that the improvement of vegetation coverage could increase not only soil infiltration but also vegetation evapotranspiration,and then made the rainfall-induced runoff production *** root system could increases the resistance ability of soil to erosion,and vegetation aboveground part could reduce raindrop kinetic energy and splash soil ***,with the increase of vegetation coverage,the rainfall-induced sediment could decrease.

关键词： vegetation coverage runoff sediment infiltration rate wind-water erosion crisscross region

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Pisha sandstone: Causes, processes and erosion options for its control and prospects

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Zhishui Liang Zhiren Wu wenyi yao Mohammad Noori Caiqian Yang Peiqing Xiao Yuanbao Leng Lin Deng School of Civil Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loess Process and Control on Loess Plateau of MWR Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research45 Shunhe RoadZhengzhou 450003China International Institute for Urban Systems Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Pisha sandstone is a special kind of soft rock in the semiarid region along the up and middle reaches of Yellow River and Loess Plateau and is severely eroded by wind,rainfall and gravity *** sandstone region is called 'the most severe water loss and soil erosion in the world' and referred to as the 'Earth Cancer' by local residents and experts both at home and *** plan for the control of Pisha sandstone started in the *** then a series of projects have been implemented,both engineering and vegetation measures have been developed and widely used to protect Pisha sandstone from *** seabuckthom was introduced as a viable approach for soil erosion protection and its implementation resulted in a breakthrough to control Loess Plateau,it was considered as an important and efficient *** the seabuckthom flexible dam was proposed for coarse sediment retention and fine sediment *** then a new comprehensive control model using consolidation materials combined with vegetation was proposed and promising results were achieved both in laboratory and field *** the future,the complex erosion mechanism and ecological carrying capacity should he studied further and more efficient and practical comprehensive measures shall be ***,monitoring systems shall be used to predict and detect the changes in the Pisha sandstone slope and structure.

关键词： Water loss and soil erosion Land degradation Ecological restoration Seabuckthorn Comprehensive measure

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14世纪中期至17世纪中期中西方社会发展之比较

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社会科学 2006年第11期 116-123页

作者：姚文仪中共上海市委党校学历教育部

14世纪中期至17世纪中期中西方社会的发展变化呈现出不同的趋势:政治上,中国是“皇权”制,西方是“王权”制;经济上,中国是“重农抑商”、“禁海政策”,西方是“重商主义”、“拓海政策”。不同的发展趋势最终导致了中西方社会发展的不... 详细信息

14世纪中期至17世纪中期中西方社会的发展变化呈现出不同的趋势:政治上,中国是“皇权”制,西方是“王权”制;经济上,中国是“重农抑商”、“禁海政策”,西方是“重商主义”、“拓海政策”。不同的发展趋势最终导致了中西方社会发展的不同结果。

关键词： 14世纪中期至17世纪中期中西方社会发展变化

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Relationship Between Watershed Landscape Pattern Change and Runoff-Sediment in Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region

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Journal of Landscape Research 2017年第5期9卷 53-58页

作者： WANG Jinhua ZHANG Ronggang JIN Lijun yao wenyi LI Zhanbin Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Conservancy Project in Northwest China Xi'an University of Technology Hydrological Bureau of Yellow River Conservancy Commission

This paper selected the typical wind-water erosion crisscross region Xiliugou watershed for research to reveal the impact of the landscape pattern change of the underlying surface in wind-water erosion crisscross region where soil erosion is most serious on rainfall and runoff as well as erosion and *** on the Landsat TM image data and measured data of runoff-sediment in that watershed,the paper analyzed the characteristics of watershed landscape pattern change and runoff-sediment and explored the relationship between landscape index and runoff-sediment yield by means of GIS and *** results were included as follows.(1)Grassland was the dominant *** terms of the number of patches and area change rate,from 1985 to 2010,cultivated land,forest land and construction land were most stable,followed by unused *** land,grassland and cultivated land experienced the most dramatic conversion and maximally affected by human activities.(2)The inter-annual difference between annual runoff and annual sediment load was *** with the annual sediment load,the trend of decreasing runoff was more *** correlation coefficient of runoff-sediment was 0.67,representing a significant correlation.(3)There was a significant correlation between the landscape index and *** runoff was negatively correlated with the largest patch index,patch cohesion index,aggregation index and contagion index,but positively correlated with landscape morphology index and landscape division *** the sediment was negatively correlated with the contagion index,aggregation index and plaque cohesion index,but positively correlated with other landscape *** results indicate that with the increase of the largest patch index,patch cohesion index and aggregation index,the rainfall infiltration capacity increase obviously and the soil erosion reduce ***,increasing the largest patch index,patch cohesion and aggregatio

关键词： Wind-water erosion crisscross region Landscape pattern Runoff Sediment Xiliugou Watershed

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龙羊峡、刘家峡水库运用对黄河上游水沙关系的调控机制

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水科学进展 2017年第1期28卷 1-13页

作者：姚文艺侯素珍丁赟黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室河南郑州450003 河海大学水利水电学院江苏南京210098

依据龙羊峡、刘家峡水库进出库水沙定位观测资料,根据河流动力学原理,分析了水库运用对径流泥沙过程的调节作用及其影响,揭示了水库对其下游河道水沙关系的调控机制。结果表明:1大型水库运用对进、出库径流泥沙的调节作用与水库的运用... 详细信息

依据龙羊峡、刘家峡水库进出库水沙定位观测资料,根据河流动力学原理,分析了水库运用对径流泥沙过程的调节作用及其影响,揭示了水库对其下游河道水沙关系的调控机制。结果表明:1大型水库运用对进、出库径流泥沙的调节作用与水库的运用方式有关,多年调节的龙羊峡水库对径流为线性调控,对泥沙为非线性调控,而不完全年调节的刘家峡水库对径流、泥沙均为线性调控;2水库运用对其下游河道水沙关系具有很强的干扰作用,主要是打破了天然条件下河道通过长期自动调整所形成的输沙规律,改变了挟沙水流的本构关系;3大型水库运用对水沙关系动力学机制的影响主要归因于重新调整了挟沙水流的平衡条件,使洪水传播过程中切应力降低,临界弗劳德数增大,改变了相对平衡输沙状态,挟沙水流则需通过淤积增大比降,满足临界弗劳德数状态下的水流切应力要求,重新实现挟沙水流的平稳状态,从而致使水沙关系发生相应变化。

关键词：大型水库调控机制水沙关系宁蒙河段黄河上游

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化学灌浆技术在黄金坪水电站中的应用

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水力发电 2016年第3期42卷 55-57,84页

作者：姚文燚四川大唐国际甘孜水电开发有限公司四川康定626001

黄金坪水电站溢洪道泄槽及消力池结构缝张开现象较为突出,局部张开达到2-3 mm。在溢洪道运行期间,泄槽、消力池段水流流速及脉动压力较大,为避免在张开的结构缝部位发生破坏,选用了水溶性聚氨酯灌浆材料对结构缝进行了化学灌浆处理,达... 详细信息

黄金坪水电站溢洪道泄槽及消力池结构缝张开现象较为突出,局部张开达到2-3 mm。在溢洪道运行期间,泄槽、消力池段水流流速及脉动压力较大,为避免在张开的结构缝部位发生破坏,选用了水溶性聚氨酯灌浆材料对结构缝进行了化学灌浆处理,达到了结构加固补强和防水的目的。对灌浆工艺进行了介绍。

关键词：结构缝化学灌浆水溶性聚氨酯黄金坪水电站

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Photo‑Energized MoS_(2)/CNT Cathode for High‑Performance Li–CO_(2)Batteries in a Wide‑Temperature Range

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 160-175页

作者： Tingsong Hu wenyi Lian Kang Hu Qiuju Li Xueliang Cui Tengyu yao Laifa Shen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Storage College of Materials Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016People’s Republic of China

Li–CO_(2) batteries are considered promising energy storage systems in extreme environments such as Mars;however,severe performance degradation will occur at a subzero temperature owning to the sluggish reaction ***,a photo-energized strategy adopting sustainable solar energy in wide working temperature range Li–CO_(2) battery was achieved with a binder-free MoS_(2)/carbon nanotube(CNT)photo-electrode as *** unique layered structure and excellent photoelectric properties of MoS_(2) facilitate the abundant generation and rapid transfer of photo-excited carriers,which accelerate the CO_(2) reduction and Li_(2)CO_(3) decomposition upon *** illuminated battery at room temperature exhibited high discharge voltage of 2.95 V and mitigated charge voltage of 3.27 V,attaining superior energy efficiency of 90.2%and excellent cycling stability of over 120 *** at an extremely low temperature of−30℃,the battery with same electrolyte can still deliver a small polarization of 0.45 V by the photoelectric and photothermal synergistic mechanism of MoS_(2)/CNT *** work demonstrates the promising potential of the photo-energized wide working temperature range Li–CO_(2) battery in addressing the obstacle of charge overpotential and energy efficiency.

关键词： Li-CO_(2)batteries Photo-energized Wide operation-temperature Kinetics MoS_(2)

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