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Multi-Step Clustering of Smart Meters Time Series:Application to Demand Flexibility Characterization of SME Customers

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 869-907页

作者： Santiago bañales Raquel Dormido Natividad Duro Department of Computer Sciences and Automatic Control Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia(UNED)Madrid28040Spain Iberdrola Innovation Middle East Doha210177Qatar

Customer segmentation according to load-shape profiles using smart meter data is an increasingly important application to vital the planning and operation of energy systems and to enable citizens’participation in the energy *** study proposes an innovative multi-step clustering procedure to segment customers based on load-shape patterns at the daily and intra-daily time *** meter data is split between daily and hourly normalized time series to assess monthly,weekly,daily,and hourly seasonality patterns *** dimensionality reduction implicit in the splitting allows a direct approach to clustering raw daily energy time series *** intraday clustering procedure sequentially identifies representative hourly day-unit profiles for each customer and the entire *** the first time,a step function approach is applied to reduce time series *** attributes embedded in surveys are employed to build external clustering validation metrics using Cramer’s V correlation factors and to identify statistically significant determinants of load-shape in energy *** addition,a time series features engineering approach is used to extract 16 relevant demand flexibility indicators that characterize customers and corresponding clusters along four different axes:available Energy(E),Temporal patterns(T),Consistency(C),and Variability(V).The methodology is implemented on a real-world electricity consumption dataset of 325 Small and Medium-sized Enterprise(SME)customers,identifying 4 daily and 6 hourly easy-to-interpret,well-defined *** application of the methodology includes selecting key parameters via grid search and a thorough comparison of clustering distances and methods to ensure the robustness of the *** research can test the scalability of the methodology to larger datasets from various customer segments(households and large commercial)and locations with different weather and socioeconomic conditio

关键词： Electric load clustering load profiling smart meters machine learning data mining demand flexibility demand response

The Effect of La on the Microstructure and Corrosion-resistance of Hot-dipped Aluminizing Steel

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 1291-1294页

作者： wenjiu-ba ZHANGWei LIXiao-yuan LIQuan-an SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering HenanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyLuoyang471003China SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering Xi＇anUniversityofTechnologyXi＇an710048China

The effect of the content of rare-earth La on the microstructure and corrosion-resistance of hot-dipped aluminum was investigated in this paper. The results show that, under the same technology conditions, the thickness of hot-dipped aluminizing layer by adding the appropriate content of rare-earth La is about 2～3 times as much as that without rare-earth La, and the microstructure of hot-dipped aluminizing layer has also greatly changed ,and a great deal of phase Fe3Al was precipitated along the boundary of α phase. The corrosion resistance of the hot-dipped layer with rare-earth is greatly increased.

关键词：显微结构耐蚀性稀土热浸铝钢

Nanotechnology combining photoacoustic kinetics and chemical kinetics for thrombosis diagnosis and treatment

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第12期32卷 3665-3674页

作者： Hao Tian lin lin Zhaojing ba Fangchao Xue Yanzhao Li Wen Zeng Department of Cell Biology Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Department of Anatomy Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Departments of Neurology Southwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China

Thrombotic disease is a major problem that endangers human health. At present, MRI and CT are commonly used clinically to diagnose thrombosis, and thrombolytic drugs are used for treatment), but the diagnosis time is lagging, the utilization of drugs is low, and the resulting systemic toxicity problems such as side effects lead to poor treatment effects. Nanotechnology combining photoacoustic dynamics and chemical dynamics has shown great application value in tumor targeting, diagnosis, detection and treatment. It has also become a new direction in the diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic diseases, and has created new applications in the field of nanomaterials. This review summarizes the new progress of this combination in the diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic diseases according to the differences in the construction of the nanotherapy system, at the same time, we put forward some new problems and prospects for the integration of thrombosis diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Nanotechnology Photoacoustic kinetics Chemical kinetics Drug delivery and release Thrombosis disease

Velocity field of wave-induced local fluid flow in double-porosity media

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第6期57卷 1020-1030页

作者： ba Jing ZHANG lin SUN WeiTao HAO ZhaoBing Geophysical Department Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (Eastern China) Zhou Pei-Yuan Center for Applied Mathematics Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Integrative Researches on Geophysics for Petroleum Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Under the excitation of elastic waves,local fluid flow in a complex porous medium is a major cause for wave dispersion and *** the local fluid flow process is simulated with wave propagation equations in the double-porosity medium,two porous skeletons are usually assumed,namely,host and *** them,the volume ratio of inclusion skeletons is *** previous studies have ignored the consideration of local fluid flow velocity field in inclusions,and therefore they can not completely describe the physical process of local flow oscillation and should not be applied to the situation where the fluid kinetic energy in inclusions cannot be *** this paper,we analyze the local fluid flow velocity fields inside and outside the inclusion,rewrite the kinetic energy function and dissipation function based on the double-porosity medium model containing spherical inclusions,and derive the reformulated Biot-Rayleigh(BR)equations of elastic wave propagation based on Hamilton’s *** present simulation examples with different rock and fluid *** between BR equations and reformulated BR equations show that there are significant differences in wave response ***,we compare the reformulated BR equations with the previous theories and experimental data,and the results show that the theoretical results of this paper are correct and effective.

关键词： double-porosity medium elastic wave propagation local fluid flow velocity dispersion Biot-Rayleigh equations petro-physical experiment

Short-term inhalation exposure evaluations of airborne antibiotic resistance genes in environments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 62-71页

作者： Zhenchao Zhou Xinyi Shuai Zejun lin lingxuan Meng Xiaoliang ba Mark AHolmes Hong Chen Institute of Environmental Technology College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Veterinary Medicine University of CambridgeCambridge CB39DAUK

Antibiotic resistance is a sword of Damocles that hangs over *** regards to airborne antibiotic resistance genes(AARGs),critical knowledge gaps still exist in the identification of hotspots and quantification of exposure levels in different ***,we have studied the profiles of AARGs,mobile genetic elements(MGEs)and bacterial communities in various atmospheric environments by high throughput q PCR and 16S r RNA gene *** propose a new AARGs exposure dose calculation that uses short-term inhalation(STI).Swine farms and hospitals were high-risk areas where AARGs standardised abundance was more abundant than suburbs and urban ***,resistance gene abundance in swine farm worker sputum was higher than that in healthy individuals in other *** correlation between AARGs with MGEs and bacteria was strong in suburbs but weak in livestock farms and *** exposure analysis revealed that occupational intake of AARGs(via PM10)in swine farms and hospitals were 110 and 29 times higher than in suburbs,were 1.5×10^(4),5.6×10^(4)and 5.1×10^(2)copies,i.e.,61.9%,75.1%and 10.7%of the overall daily inhalation intake,*** study comprehensively compares environmental differences in AARGs to identify high-risk areas,and forwardly proposes the STI exposure dose of AARGs to guide risk assessment.

关键词： Airborne Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) Short-term inhalation Risk assessment

Microstructure design of C/C composites through electrochemical corrosion for brazing to Nb

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第9期104卷 33-40页

作者： Jin ba Xu Ji Bin Wang Peixin Li Jinghuang lin Jian Cao Junlei Qi State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Surface structure of C/C composites has been regulated through electrochemical corrosion at room temperature to modify the residual stress and improve the joining strength when brazed to *** unique crevice corrosion in C/C composites is investigated to reveal the change of corrosion depth and fiber *** interlacing zone of carbon fiber reinforced brazing alloy replaces the reaction layer in the original *** area is increased dramatically and the continuous crack will be *** interlacing zone eliminates the stress concentration and relieves the residual stress through reducing the property *** advantages contribute to the joining quality of C/C–*** strength of C/C–Nb joint with 80μm depth reached 37.7 MPa,which was 1.2 times higher than that of original *** structure design of C/C composites not only expands the application in structure component,but also exhibits the promising application in energy field.

关键词： Thermal corrosion Electrochemical corrosion C/SiC composites Braze

Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in Sertoli cells

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 81-89页

作者： Yang Yang Xinwei lin Hui Huang Demin Feng Yue ba Xuemin Cheng Liuxin Cui Department of Environmental Health College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Department of Nephrology 152 Hospital of PLA

Excessive fluoride exposure is known to contribute to reproductive system dysfunction,ultimately leading to pathological damage and apoptosis in cells. Although both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum（ER） stresses have been implicated in fluorosis, the signaling pathways and their roles in sodium fluoride（Na F）-induced apoptosis of Sertoli cells have been sparsely described. In this study, oxidative damage, ER stress, and apoptosis were analyzed after Sertoli cells were treated with varying doses of Na F for 24 hr. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine（NAC） and pro-apoptotic transcription factor CHOP knockdown were used to clarify the precise interplay between reactive oxygen species（ROS）, ER stress and their roles in NaF-induced apoptosis in Sertoli cells. The present study indicated that NaF significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in Sertoli cells. In addition, NaF exposure facilitated the accumulation of ROS and increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2） in Sertoli cells. Treatment with NAC caused remarkable recovery from these NaF-induced responses. Meanwhile, excessive NaF triggered ER stress as evidenced by up-regulated glucose-regulated protein 78 k Da（GRP78）, PKR-like ER kinase（PERK）, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α（p-eI F2α） and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein（CHOP）, without affecting total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α（e IF2α）. NAC effectively blocked the activation of ER stress, suggesting that Na F-induced ROS is an early event that triggers ER stress. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the ROS-mediated ER stress pathway is the crucial mechanistic event involved in NaF-induced apoptosis of Sertoli cells.

关键词： Sodium fluoride Apoptosis Reactive oxygen species Endoplasmic reticulum stress Sertoli cell

Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for insomnia:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 459-472页

作者： Han-yu Xu lin-na Wu Yuan Zhang Te ba Xiao-feng Zhao Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193China National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion Tianjin 300193China

background:Electroacupuncture is often used to treat ***:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for *** strategy:Databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data and VIP Fulltext e-Journals Database were searched up to January 15,*** criteria:Randomized clinical trials were included if they compared the clinical efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture with sham acupuncture,no treatment or usual care (UC) and general *** extraction and analysis:The full texts of the studies were reviewed to remove ineligible *** extracted data included authors,publication year,diagnostic criteria,sample size,population characteristics,interventions and *** above steps were performed independently by two reviewers and the data were cross ***15.0 software was used to analyze the extracted outcome *** continuous data (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index[PSQI]score and Insomnia Severity Index score),weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated and 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported when the same scale was *** dichotomous variables (clinical response rate and adverse events),a meta-analysis was performed using risk ratio (RR) as the effect ***:Thirty-one trials with 2226 subjects were *** meta-analysis suggested that electroacupuncture was more effective in improving insomnia compared with the control group (sham acupuncture,no treatment,UC and general acupuncture)(RR=1.21;95 CI:[1.16,1.27]),significantly reducing the PSQI score in insomnia patients after treatment and at follow-up (WMD=-3.23;95%CI:[-4.29,-2.17];P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the EA and control groups (sham acupuncture and no treatment or ***=1.48;95%CI:[0.91,2.40];P=0.117).In addition,the regression results revealed t

关键词： Electroacupuncture Insomnia Systematic review Meta-analysis

Changes in microstructure and properties of weld heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第8期31卷 2041-2052页

作者： Shu-jun Jia Qi-lin Ma Yu Hou ba Li He-song Zhang Qing-you Liu Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center for Steel Commonality University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Construction Project Management Branch of China National Petroleum Pipeline Network Group Co. Ltd.Langfang 065000HebeiChina

The evolution of the microstructure and toughness of APL5L X80 pipeline steel after thermal welding simulation was investigated by X-ray diffraction,electron backscatter diffraction,and transmission electron *** results indicated that primary heat-affected zones can be divided into weld,coarse-grained,fine-grained,intercritical,and sub-critical *** microstructure of the weld zone is mainly composed of bainitic ferrite and a small amount of granular bainite;however,the original austenite grains are distributed in the columnar *** structure of the coarse-grained zone is similar to that of the weld zone,but the original austenite grains are *** contrast,the microstructure in the fine-grained zone is dominated by fine granular bainite,and the effective grain size is only 8.15μm,thus providing the highest toughness in the entire heat-affected *** intercritical and subcritical zones were brittle valley regions,and the microstructure was dominated by granular ***,the martensite-austenite(M/A)constituents are present in island chains along the grain boundaries,and the coarse size of the M/A constituents seriously reduces the *** results of the crack propagation analyzes revealed that high-angle grain boundaries can significantly slow down crack growth and change the crack direction,thereby increasing the material *** impact toughness of the low-temperature tempering zone was equivalent to that of the columnar grain zone,and the impact toughness was between those of the critical and fine-grained zones.

关键词： Welding thermal simulation Impact toughness Crack propagation Martensite-austenite constituent High-strength low-alloy steel weld Heat-affected zone