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Rainfall infiltration on hilly slopes under various lithology and its effect on tree growth in the dry-hot valley

中国科学：技术科学英文版 2003年第Z1期46卷 110-119页

作者： yang zhong, xiong donghong, {2. hongyi & zhang xinbao institute of mountain Hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences and ministry of water resources, chengdu 61004., china chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist water resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

Revegetation is very difficult in dry-hot valleys in china. Rainfall infiltration capability on hilly slopes is one of the key factors determining soil moisture conditions and tree growth in the dry-hot valley. Low rainfall infiltration often results in soil drought on slopes under the dry-hot valleys climate. Rainfall infiltration capability varies greatly with the difference of slope lithologic porosity. The infiltration rates of five lithologic slope-types, Schist Slope, Grit Slope, Gravel Slope, the slightly eroded Mudstone Slope and the intensively eroded Mudstone Slope, are 1.40-8.67, 6.33, 0.69-2.2., 0.6-1.3 and 0.03-0.63 mm/min, respectively. With its viscid compact soil body and low infiltration capability which causes little infiltrating rainfall, mudstone slope can afford little effective supply to soil water and leads to serious drought of soil in dry seasons, resulting in cessation of growth or even wide-spread death of trees due to physiological damage for the excessive deficit of water in dry season and also the low productivity of stands. Hence, it is extremely difficult to restore vegetation on this type of slope. The other four lithologic slope-types, however, with well-developed soil crevice, high infiltration capability and thus more infiltrating rainfall, can afford more available soil water supply and the trees on them can obtain better growth and relatively higher productivity, compared with those on Mudstone Slope. Revegetation in dry-hot valleys is controlled by the soil moisture conditions of different slope-types, and it can be implemented by relying on the dominative life-form plant species, the suitable spatial arrangement of different life-forms of arbor-shrub-herb species, and the establishment of ecological community relationship between vegetation and soil moisture in habits. On the other hand, ground making measures for forestation and the runoff-collecting engineering measures to increase the rainfall infiltration are the major key

关键词： dry-hot valleys, lithologic property, rainfall infiltration, tree growth.

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Assessing the Carrying Capacity of Tourist Resorts: An Application of Tourists’ Spatial Behavior Simulator Based on GIS and Multi-Agent System

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2005年第4期10卷 779-784页

作者： zhang Ren-jun 1,2.1. institute of {2. Hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 61004., Sichuan, china 2. Graduated School of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china institute of mountain Hazards and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduated School of the chinese academy of {2. Beijing China

Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.

关键词： tourist resort carrying capacity TSBS GIS Multi-Agent simulator

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Towards Achieving Carbon Neutrality: The Role of Vegetation Restoration in Karst Regions of Southwest china

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 1044-1048页

作者： Yuemin Yue Lu Wang xinbao zhang Kelin Wang Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem Chinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiang 547100China chengdu institute of {2. Disasters and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water ResourcesChengdu 610041China

Karst regions of Southwest china become a hotspot for global greening through large-scale vegetation restoration in recent two ***,the unique,fragile geological setting of carbonate rocks affects the sustainability of vegetation ***,we summarize and evaluate the impacts of the rock and soil compositions of karst landscapes on the types and quality of vegetation *** introduce the concept of“soil mass”and establish its relationship with aboveground vegetation biomass across varying degrees of rocky *** mineral nutrients and soil mass constrain the potential of vegetation carbon sequestration in karst *** enhance the sustainability of vegetation restoration and carbon sequestration under karst geological constraints,we suggest to push ecological intensification of tree plantations and optimize the zoning and classification of rocky desertification treatment,and these restoration initiatives will foster vegetation restoration to serve as a pivotal pathway towards carbon neutrality.

关键词： soil karst Restoration

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Two new reinforcement techniques applicable in high steep slopes along the chengdu-Lhasa Highway, Southwest china

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 156-162页

作者： yang ZhifaZHU Jiewang zhang Luqing, CUI Peng, LI Xiao & SHANG Yanjun {2. of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., china {2. of mountain Hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences and ministry of water resources, chengdu 61004., china chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist water resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

Anti-slide pile and anchoring hole are two types of reinforcement techniques popularly used in slope reinforcement. However, some defects of these two techniques are found in slope engineering practices. Utilizing higher tensile strength of pre-stressed structures, the authors devise two new types of slope reinforcement techniques, i.e. pre-stressed anchoring beam and pre-stressed anti-slide pile, in an attempt to overcome those defects of the existing techniques. These two new techniques are characterized by gathering multiple functions, e.g. engineering investigation, reinforcement, drainage, monitoring and strength supplement, so as to achieve high reinforcement efficiency, convenient checking, and higher ratio of function to cost. It is hoped that, if applying these two new techniques in remedies of landslide hazards along the chengdu-Lhasa Highway, better reinforcement effects will be obtained.

关键词： rock slope, pre-stressed anchoring beam, pre-stressed anti-slide pile.

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Manganese oxide and derivative-modified materials in advanced oxidation processes:A review of modification enhancement and activation mechanisms

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chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 40-51页

作者： Si Sun Shuang Song Shuai yang Yong-Li He yang Shi Peng {2. Zhao-kun xiong yang Liu Heng zhang Ye Du Chuan-Shu He Bo Lai State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and mountain River Engineering College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Sino-German Centre for water and Health Research Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China institute of Fundamental and Frontier sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSichuanChengdu 610054China

Manganese oxides(MNO_(x)),as low-toxicity and high-abundance catalysts,have been demonstrated to hold great promise for application in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs).However,further application of this material is restricted due to its unsatisfactory oxidant activation ***,recently remarkable research on deep activation mechanisms and modification of MNO_(x)have been undertaken to improve its ***,modification enhancement mechanisms of MNO_(x)to efficiently degrade various organic contaminants were discussed and highlighted,including metal doping,coupling with other metal oxides,composite with carbonaceous material,and compounding with other *** activation mechanisms of different MNO_(x)and derivative-modified material(such as doped MNO_(x),metal oxide-MNO_(x)hybrids,and MNO_(x)-carbonaceous material hybrids)were summarized in great details,which was specifically categorized into both radical and non-radical *** effects of pH,inorganic ions,and natural organic matter on degradation reactions are also ***,future research directions and perspectives are presented to provide a clear interpretation on the MNO_(x)initiated AOPs.

关键词： Manganese oxide Derivative-modified materials Modification enhancement mechanisms Advanced oxidation process Activation mechanism

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Anti-scourability of purple soil on hillslopes with different land uses

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 133-141页

作者： zhang Jianhui, LIU Gangcai, NI Shijun, ZHU Bo & GE Fanglong institute of {2. Hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences and ministry of water resources, chengdu 61004., china chengdu University of Technology, chengdu 610059, china chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist water resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China chengdu Univ Technol Chengdu 610059 Peoples R China

A large-scale flume (40 cm×10 cm×10 cm) was used to determine soil anti-scourability of 4 different land uses of purple soil in hilly areas of Sichuan, china under artificial removal of vegetation to examine the effects of land uses on sediment production by runoff. The results showed that soil anti-scourability declined with the increase of slope gradients in the form of power function, but there was a significant difference in the effects of slope gradients on anti-scourability between different land uses. The ratio of the mean values of soil anti-scourability was 1︰2.2.2.5︰3.6 for forest land, new waste pasture, old waste pasture, crop land respectively, indicating that forest and grass use can significantly improve soil anti-scourability. Compared with the observations from the runoff plots located at the same sites in this region, an inconsistent result was found between anti-scourability and anti-erodibility in hilly areas of Sichuan. Essential causes of the differences in soil anti-scourability were further discussed based on analyzing the influence of inherent soil characteristics induced by different land uses on soil anti-scourability.

关键词： sediment yield, soil anti-scourability, land use, vegetation, purple soil.

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Human disturbance exacerbated erosion and deposition in the karst peak-cluster depressions during the Ming and Qing dynasties

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Science china Earth sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3550-3561页

作者： Shuai YUAN Yuemin YUE xinbao zhang Lu WANG Lu ZHAI Kelin WANG Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of {2. institute of mountain Hazards and {2. Ministry of Water Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Under the background of large-scale ecological restoration, china's southwestern karst region has become a hotspot of global vegetation cover “greening” in the past 2. years. However, because of geological constraints, it is difficult to restore the forest landscapes in some areas. It is urgent to understand the impacts of human disturbances during the historical period on the difficult-to-forestation rocky-desertification areas of the karst region in order to guide future afforestation. In this study, we quantified the changes of specific sediment yield in typical karst depressions over the past 500 years by using137Cs,2.0Pb, and14C dating methods in karst depressions, and identified the main human disturbances related to historical erosion and sedimentation by combining with historical data. The results showed that the erosion and sedimentation of the three depressions in 192.–1963 were significantly higher than that in 1963–2.2., and the sedimentation rate(0.64–1.33 cm a-1) and the specific sediment yield(2.51–13.11 t ha-1a-1) during Ming and Qing dynasties（1504–1812. were higher than the sedimentation rate(0.2.–0.95 cm a-1) and specific sediment yield(0.95–6.99 t ha-1a-1) in the recent century（192.–2.2.）. Reconstruction data and literature from the Ming and Qing dynasties show an empirical link between changes in population, arable land, food, forest area,and deforestation events during the same period. It was found that the population and arable land in Guangxi increased more than three-fold and the forest area decreased significantly in the 17th century after the migration of the Yao ethnic group and the introduction of maize to the region, which may be the main reason for intensifying the erosion of depressions. This study is of great significance to understanding the evolution history of rocky desertification in this region and to answer the potential of afforestation.

关键词： Karst region 14C dating Peak-cluster depressions Ethnic minirity migration Specific sediment yield

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Effect of sediment on concentration of dissolved phosphorus in the Three Gorges Reservoir

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第1期26卷 87-95页

作者： CAO Zhijing~1,zhang xinbao~2.and AI Nanshan~3 {2. of Architecture and environment,Sichuan University,chengdu 610065,china, {2. of mountain Hazards and environment,chinese academy of sciences,chengdu 61004., china, {2. of Architecture and environment,Sichuan University,chengdu 610065,china, Lecturer Institute of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Prof. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Prof. Institute of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

Eutrophication and algal bloom has been occurring in the Three Gorges Reservoir ever since the reservoir’s impoundment in *** concentration of dissolved phosphorus(DP) is one of the main controlling factors for algal *** sediment adsorbs DP thereby affecting the concentration of DP. The effect of the sediment reduction on the DP concentration of the Three Gorges Reservoir is discussed in this *** were taken from the yangtze River and its tributaries,*** Minjiang River and the Tuojiang *** DP concentration of the water samples and the available phosphorus,total phosphorus,and phosphorus-fixing capacity of the sediment samples were *** amount of phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment was about 3%of the total DP load in the yangtze *** experiment was done in the lab simulating the DP concentration,sediment concentration,and turbulence. The results showed that quite a high amount of DP was adsorbed by the *** adsorption capacity of the sediment was 135 mg/kg and the highest rate of adsorption was 2. mg/kg·*** Xiluodu Dam is located at nearly 1,100 km upstream of the Three Gorges *** Xiloudu Dam will trap sediment and thence reduce the sediment load entering the Three Gorges Reservoir after impoundment in *** is estimated that the sediment reduction due to the Xiluodu Dam may result in an increase of the DP concentration in the Three Gorges Reservoir by 6.8%.

关键词： Dissolved phosphorus Sediment load reduction Three Gorges Reservoir Adsorption capacity Eutrophication

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Debris Flow Hazard Assessment Based on Support Vector Machine

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2006年第4期11卷 897-900页

作者： YUAN Lifeng 1, 2., zhang Youshui 3 1. institute of {2. Hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 61004., Sichuan, china 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3. institute of Geographical sciences and Natural resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china institute of mountain Hazards and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduate University of chinese academy of {2. Beijing China institute of Geographical sciences and Natural {2. Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Seven factors, including the maximum volume of once flow , occurrence frequency of debris flow , watershed area , main channel length , watershed relative height difference , valley incision density and the length ratio of sediment supplement are chosen as evaluation factors of debris flow hazard degree. Using support vector machine （SVM） theory, we selected 2.9 basic data of 37 debris flow channels in Yunnan Province as learning samples in this study. We create a debris flow hazard assessment model based on SVM. The model was validated though instance applications and showed encouraging results.

关键词： debris flow hazard assessment support vector machine (SVM)

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Preliminary results of the study on wind erosion in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using 137Cs technique

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第11期45卷 1019-1025页

作者： YAN Ping, DONG Guangrong, zhang xinbao & zhang Yiyun1. Key Laboratory of environmental Change and Natural Disaster, the ministry of Education of china, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 2. institute of Desert Research, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 3. institute of mountain Hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 61004., china 4. Department of Physics, Sichuan Union University, chengdu 61004., china Key Laboratory of environmental Change and Natural Disaster the Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal University Beijing China institute of Desert Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China institute of mountain Hazards and {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Department of Physics Sichuan Union University Chengdu China

The worldwide fallout of caesium-137 (137Cs) associated with the nuclear weapon tests during the 1950s and 1960s has provided a valuable man-made tracer for studies of soil erosion and sediment delivery. But relatively few researchers have used it to estimate wind erosion. In this note, the 137Cs technique is introduced into the studies of wind erosion and its modern processes inthe Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Two 137Cs reference inventories of 982.11 and 2.376.04 Bq · m-2.wereestablished preminarily, distributed in the south and middle-north parts of the studied arearespectively. By analyzing the patterns of 137Cs depth profiles from sampling sites, the aeolianprocesses of erosion and deposition in nearly 40 years have been revealed, i.e. the shrub coppicedunes (S1) and semi-fixed dunefields (S3) experienced the alternation of erosion and deposition,while the grasslands (S4, S6 and S7) and dry farmlands (S5) suffered erosion only. By using 137Csmodel, the average wind erosion rates for shrub coppice

关键词： 137Cs technique Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wind erosion.

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