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论中国茶书中关于茶树种植的生态智慧

农业考古 2021年第5期 202-207页

作者：杨源禾云南农业大学马克思主义学院

农耕生产孕育了中国古代生态智慧,自然崇拜是中国古代生态观念的萌芽。本文对中国古代茶书进行研究,发现在一段较长的历史时空里,中国古代特殊的茶树种植技术经过地方性的选择、组合与传播自成一套体系,形成了自己独特的文化结构,蕴含... 详细信息

农耕生产孕育了中国古代生态智慧,自然崇拜是中国古代生态观念的萌芽。本文对中国古代茶书进行研究,发现在一段较长的历史时空里,中国古代特殊的茶树种植技术经过地方性的选择、组合与传播自成一套体系,形成了自己独特的文化结构,蕴含着优良的生态智慧,体现出传统的生态实践,有别于现代众多规模化台地茶种植园。中国传统茶树种植的生态智慧,对当今世界生态文明建设和可持续发展具有重要启示意义。

关键词：古代茶书茶树种植生态智慧

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青藏高原植被活动对降水变化的响应

北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2007年第6期43卷 771-775页

作者：周睿杨元合方精云北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室北京100871

为揭示气候变异对青藏高原植被生长的影响,根据2000—2004年间增强型植被指数(EVI)数据和研究区内43个气象台站的气候资料,研究了近5年来青藏高原植被活动及其与气候因子的关系。结果显示,青藏高原植被的EVI呈现由东南向西北递减的分布... 详细信息

为揭示气候变异对青藏高原植被生长的影响,根据2000—2004年间增强型植被指数(EVI)数据和研究区内43个气象台站的气候资料,研究了近5年来青藏高原植被活动及其与气候因子的关系。结果显示,青藏高原植被的EVI呈现由东南向西北递减的分布格局,降水是导致植被覆盖空间变化的主要因素;2000—2004年青藏高原植被活动的年际变化总体上不显著,局部出现较大变异;EVI的变异系数(CV)与年降水的变异系数显著正相关,说明降水波动是引起植被活动变化的主要因素。此外,EVI的CV与年降水量存在着显著的负相关关系,表明年降水量越大的地区植被活动的年际变化越小,即植被的稳定性越大。

关键词：青藏高原 EVI 时间变异降水

Impact of global warming on drought in China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2012年第3期4卷 201-210页

作者： Xian Xue Tao Wang Jian Guo yuanhe yang Fei Peng LiChao Liu Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification CoM and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA

Spatial and temporal change pattems of air temperature （7）, precipitation （P）, relative humidity （RH）, lower vapor pressure （VP）, potential evapotranspiration （PET） and drought situation of 690 meteorological stations for all of China were evaluated in this study to understand the effects of warming on regional drought and hydrological processes. Here, the drought extent is expressed by aridity index （AI）, which is the ratio of precipitation and reference crop evapotranspiration （ETo） calculated by FAO Pen- man-Monteith equation, taking into account air temperature, atmospheric humidity, solar radiation, and wind. Our results indicate that there are different patterns of climate change from 1961 to 2008 and from 1981 to 2008. Little precipitation change occurred in China and ETo decreased from 1961 to 2008. But, the warming trend has intensified and the area with significant increasing precipitation has reduced since the early 1980＇s and ETo has increased in most areas of China from 1981 to 2008 and decreased from 1961 to 2008. The areas affected by drought have shifted from North China and Northeast China to East China and South China since 1981. It is speculated that the increasing warming intensity after 1981 possibly strengthened the power of potential evapotmnspiration and resulted in drought in most areas of Northeast China, North China, eastem Southwest China, and especially in East China and South China.

关键词： global warming temporal difference vapor deficit evapotranspiration drought China

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中国土壤磷库的大小、分布及其影响因素

北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2008年第6期44卷 945-952页

作者：汪涛杨元合马文红北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室北京100871 北京大学深圳研究生院环境与城市学院深圳518055

基于第二次土壤普查资料,估算了中国土壤磷库,揭示了其空间分布规律,并探讨了土壤磷库与环境因子的关系。结果表明,中国土壤实际剖面深度的全磷和有效磷库分别为5.3Pg和3.0Tg,对应的磷密度为0.60kg/m2和3.4g/m2。土壤全磷密度自湿润区... 详细信息

基于第二次土壤普查资料,估算了中国土壤磷库,揭示了其空间分布规律,并探讨了土壤磷库与环境因子的关系。结果表明,中国土壤实际剖面深度的全磷和有效磷库分别为5.3Pg和3.0Tg,对应的磷密度为0.60kg/m2和3.4g/m2。土壤全磷密度自湿润区向干旱、半干旱地区和自热带地区向温带、寒温带地区呈增加趋势。土壤全磷密度随着年均降水量和年均温的增加而显著降低。在不同的土壤地球化学类型中,硅铝型的有效磷密度明显高于石膏及碳酸盐型和铁铝及富铝型。上述结果表明气候和土壤的地球化学类型是中国土壤磷素分布的重要因素。

关键词：地球化学类型空间分布土壤磷库气候

Altered trends in carbon uptake in China's terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus

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National Science Review 2019年第3期6卷 505-514页

作者： Honglin He Shaoqiang Wang Li Zhang Junbang Wang Xiaoli Ren Lei Zhou Shilong Piao Hao Yan Weimin Ju Fengxue Gu Shiyong Yu yuanhe yang Miaomiao Wang Zhongen Niu Rong Ge Huimin Yan Mei Huang Guoyi Zhou Yongfei Bai Zongqiang Xie Zhiyao Tang Bingfang Wu Leiming Zhang Nianpeng He Qiufeng Wang Guirui Yu Synthesis Research Center of China's Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environment Sciences Peking University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences National Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration International Institute for Earth System Science and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Nanjing University Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture MOA Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Geography Geomatics and Planning Jiangsu Normal University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Science Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences

The carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems in China are strongly coupled with climate changes. Over the past decade, China has experienced dramatic climate changes characterized by enhanced summer monsoon and decelerated warming. However, the changes in the trends of terrestrial net ecosystem production(NEP) in China under climate changes are not well documented. Here, we used three ecosystem models to simulate the spatiotemporal variations in China’s NEP during 1982–2010 and quantify the contribution of the strengthened summer monsoon and warming hiatus to the NEP variations in four distinct climatic regions of the country. Our results revealed a decadal-scale shift in NEP from a downtrend of–5.95 TgC/yr~2(reduced sink) during 1982–2000 to an uptrend of 14.22 TgC/yr~2(enhanced sink) during 2000–10. This shift was essentially induced by the strengthened summer monsoon, which stimulated carbon uptake, and the warming hiatus, which lessened the decrease in the NEP trend. Compared to the contribution of 56.3% by the climate effect, atmospheric CO2concentration and nitrogen deposition had relatively small contributions(8.6 and 11.3%, respectively) to the shift. In conclusion, within the context of the global-warming hiatus, the strengthening of the summer monsoon is a critical climate factor that enhances carbon uptake in China due to the asymmetric response of photosynthesis and respiration. Our study not only revealed the shift in ecosystem carbon sequestration in China in recent decades, but also provides some insight for understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics in other monsoonal areas.

关键词： climate change Asian summer monsoon warming hiatus biogeochemical modeling ecosystem carbon dynamics

Above-and belowground biomass in relation to envi- ronmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第3期51卷 263-270页

作者： MA WenHong1,2, yang yuanhe1, HE JinSheng1, ZENG Hui1,2 & FANG JingYun1 1 Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 School of Environment & Urban Study, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China School of Environment & Urban Study Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China

Above- and belowground biomasses of grasslands are important parameters for characterizing re- gional and global carbon cycles in grassland ecosystems. Compared with the relatively detailed in- formation for aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) is poorly reported at the re- gional scales. The present study, based on a total of 113 sampling sites in temperate grassland of the Inner Mongolia, investigated regional distribution patterns of AGB, BGB, vertical distribution of roots, and their relationships with environmental factors. AGB and BGB increased from the southwest to the northeast of the study region. The largest biomass occurred in meadow steppe, with mean AGB and BGB of 196.7 and 1385.2 g/m2, respectively; while the lowest biomass occurred in desert steppe, with an AGB of 56.6 g/m2 and a BGB of 301.0 g/m2. In addition, about 47% of root biomass was distributed in the top 10 cm soil. Further statistical analysis indicated that precipitation was the primary determinant factor in shaping these distribution patterns. Vertical distribution of roots was significantly affected by precipitation, while the effects of soil texture and grassland types were weak.

关键词： temperate grasslands aboveground biomass (AGB) belowground biomass (BGB) spatial pattern vertical distribution precipitation

基于反障碍距离加权的复杂场景电磁频谱地图构建方法

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电子与信息学报 2024年第8期46卷 3210-3218页

作者：陶诗飞吴昱江罗佳丁浩王元贺南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院南京210094 电磁空间安全全国重点实验室成都610036 南京理工大学工程训练中心南京210094

针对复杂场景中存在电磁波不可穿透的障碍物导致电磁频谱地图(REMs)构建性能不佳、反距离加权(IDW)算法受限于插值邻域的人工选择等问题,该文提出一种基于Voronoi图的反障碍距离加权(VIODW)的复杂场景电磁频谱地图构建算法。该算法通过... 详细信息

针对复杂场景中存在电磁波不可穿透的障碍物导致电磁频谱地图(REMs)构建性能不佳、反距离加权(IDW)算法受限于插值邻域的人工选择等问题,该文提出一种基于Voronoi图的反障碍距离加权(VIODW)的复杂场景电磁频谱地图构建算法。该算法通过创建包含障碍物的Voronoi图,为每一个待插值点自适应选定插值邻域用于电磁频谱数据构建,并利用任意角度路径寻优(ANYA)算法计算得到待插值点与插值邻域内每个监测站点之间的障碍距离,最后以障碍距离的反幂次作为权重加权获得待插值点处的电磁频谱数据,实现高精度的复杂场景电磁频谱地图构建。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的构建精度,能够准确拟合出电磁波在复杂场景中的功率分布情况,为复杂场景下电磁频谱地图高精度构建提供了一种有效方法。

关键词：电磁频谱地图反距离加权插值障碍距离复杂场景

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中国古代茶书中的德性伦理思想略述

农业考古 2020年第5期 126-130页

作者：杨源禾云南农业大学马克思主义学院

18世纪的工业革命开启了现代化,给人类的生活带来方便、快捷的同时,工业文明所导致的环境问题也悄然而至。本文对中国古代茶书中的德性伦理思想在三才论、气论、阴阳说、五行说、尚中观等方面进行了分析,进而对环境问题进行反思。挖掘... 详细信息

18世纪的工业革命开启了现代化,给人类的生活带来方便、快捷的同时,工业文明所导致的环境问题也悄然而至。本文对中国古代茶书中的德性伦理思想在三才论、气论、阴阳说、五行说、尚中观等方面进行了分析,进而对环境问题进行反思。挖掘中国古代茶书中的德性伦理思想及道德资源,发挥其中蕴含的教化功能,与现代文明相对接,是中国生态文明和绿色发展的现实需求。

关键词：德性伦理古代茶书哲学思想

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新疆草地植被的地上生物量

北京大学学报：自然科学版 2006年第4期42卷 521-526页

作者：安尼瓦尔·买买提杨元合郭兆迪方精云北京大学环境学院生态学系北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011

2004年对新疆地区的草地地上生物量进行了大范围的调查,据此估算了新疆6种主要草地类型的地上生物量密度和总量,并探讨了草地地上生物量与环境因子的关系。结果表明,草原类型中,荒漠草原的地上生物量密度最小(34.9gC·m-2),草甸草原最大... 详细信息

2004年对新疆地区的草地地上生物量进行了大范围的调查,据此估算了新疆6种主要草地类型的地上生物量密度和总量,并探讨了草地地上生物量与环境因子的关系。结果表明,草原类型中,荒漠草原的地上生物量密度最小(34.9gC·m-2),草甸草原最大(87.3gC·m-2),而典型草原(53.2gC·m-2)和高寒草原(47.7gC·m-2)介于两者之间;草甸类型中,山地草甸(117.4gC·m-2)的地上生物量密度显著高于高寒草甸(58.1gC·m-2)。6种草地的地上生物量总量为14.65TgC,约占全国的10%。地上生物量主要集中于高寒草原和高寒草甸,两者占总量的41.7%;其次是典型草原、山地草甸和荒漠草原,分别占19.0%、18.3%和14.6%;草甸草原因分布面积小而使得其地上生物量最小,仅占总量的6.4%。草原和草甸地上生物量的控制因子存在差异:草原地上生物量主要受降水控制,而草甸地上生物量则与温度相关。除受气候影响外,草原地上生物量还与土壤含水率、土壤总氮含量正相关,而草甸地上生物量与土壤含水率、土壤总氮含量均不相关。

关键词：新疆草地地上生物量气候土壤含水率土壤氮含量