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Rapid reduction of air pollution and short-term exposure risks in China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 126-138页

作者： Hao Fan Chuanfeng Zhao Yikun yang Xingchuan yang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmospheric Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China

With the continuous control of anthropogenic emissions,China’s air quality has improved significantly in recent *** this background,research on how the short-term exposure risks caused by air pollution in China have changed is *** study utilized hourly concentration data from ground observation stations and the official air quality guidelines of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China and the World Health Organization as standards to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and short-term exposure risks of air pollution in China from 2015 to *** results indicate that various atmospheric pollutants except for ozone showed a decreasing trend ***,both single pollutant air pollution days(SAPDs)and multiple pollutant air pollution days(MAPDs)showed varying degrees of reduction within 15 and 25 days,*** was dominated mainly by excessive PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)pollutants,while MAPD was dominated mainly by excessive pollutant combinations,including PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),CO+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),and SO_(2)+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10).As the concentration of atmospheric pollutants decreased,the total excess risk(ER)decreased yearly from 2015 to 2022,but there were significant regional ***,the ER is less than 0.25%in southern China,in the range of 0.25%-0.5%in the North China Plain and some cities in the northeast,and higher than 1%in the *** matter is currently the primary pollutant posing short-term exposure risk in China,especially due to the impact of sandstorm *** study indicates that China’s atmospheric cleaning action is significantly beneficial for reducing health risks.

关键词： Air pollution Emission-reduction Total excess risk Particulate matter China

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Linear Forgery Attacks on the Authenticated Encryption Cipher ACORN-Like

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期34卷 257-265页

作者： Yunqiang Li ting Cui PLA SSF Information Engineering University

The authenticated encryption stream cipher ACORN is one of the finalists of the Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness（CAESAR） and is intended for lightweight applications. Because of structural weaknesses in the state update function of ACORN, we can introduce a linear function to analyze conditions and differential trails of the state collision and present a linear method to construct forgery messages under the condition that the key and initialization vector are known or the register state at a certain time is known. The attack method is suitable for three versions of ACORN and may be also extended to any ACORN-like,of which the linear feedback shift register（LFSR） can be replaced by other LFSRs and the feedback function can be replaced by other nonlinear functions. For continuous l（l > 293） bits of new input data, we can construct 2l-294forgery messages for any given message of ACORN. Using a standard personal computer, a concrete forgery message can be constructed almost instantly and the required central processing unit time and memory are equivalent to the required resources for solving a system of 293 linear equations over the binary field. These attacks in this paper make that the sender and receiver may easily cheat each other, which is not a desirable property for an ideal cipher and casts some doubt on the necessary authentication security requirements of ACORN.

关键词： Ciphers Memory management Receivers Microcomputers Forgery Vectors Robustness Encryption Registers Standards

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The transcriptome of MHV-infected RAW264.7 cells offers an alternative model for macrophage innate immunity research

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2025年第1期8卷 57-66页

作者： Yun Liu ting-ting Feng Wei Tong Zhi Guo Xia Li Qi Kong Zhi-Guang Xiang Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College(PUMC)BeijingP.R.China

Background:Macrophages are the primary innate immune cells encountered by the invading coronaviruses,and their abilities to initiate inflammatory reactions,to main-tain the immunity homeostasis by differential polarization,to train the innate immune system by epigenic modification have been reported in laboratory animal ***:In the current in vitro research,murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell were infected by mouse hepatitis virus,a coronavirus existed in *** 3-,6-,12-,24-,and 48-h post infection(hpi.),the attached cells were washed with PBS and harvested in Trizol *** The harvest is subjected to transcriptome ***:The transcriptome analysis showed the immediate(3 hpi.)up regulation of DEGs related to inflammation,like Il1b and *** related to M2 differential po-larization,like Irf4 showed up regulation at 24 hpi.,the late term after viral *** addition,DEGs related to metabolism and histone modification,like Ezh2 were de-tected,which might correlate with the trained immunity of ***:The current in vitro viral infection study showed the key innated im-munity character of macrophages,which suggested the replacement value of viral infection cells model,to reduce the animal usage in preclinical research.

关键词： coronavirus innate immunity macrophage transcriptome

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Material basis and sleep-improving mechanisms of Lily-Ziziphi spinosae semen Decoction：Systematic evidence from LC-MS， network pharmacology and animal experiments

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2025年

作者： Fan Jia Hui Zheng yao Xu Jiani Jiang Yuhang Wu Jianxin Liu Kai He Yong yang School of Pharmacy， Hunan University of Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Science， Hunan University of Medicine

Lily-Ziziphi spinosae semen Decoction (LZ) is known for its blood nourishing， mind calming， body sedation， and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine. However， its material basis and underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined. This study applies liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry， network pharmacology， and animal studies to reveal the material basis and sleep-improving mechanisms of LZ. The mixed decoction (LZ-ME) and single decoction (LZ-SE) were prepared to study their chemical components. Network pharmacology was used to predict the sleep-improving targets and signaling pathways of LZ. ICR mice were intragastrically administered saline (NC)， melatonin (positive control group， 0.50 mg/kg)， low (12.90 g/kg)， medium (25.70 g/kg)， and high (38.60 g/kg) dose of LZ-ME and LZ-SH for 30 days.. The results showed that LZ-ME could prolong the sleep duration and shorten the sleep latency in sodium barbiturate induced mice model. The results of chemical composition showed that total polysaccharides， total flavonoids， total saponins， and total alkaloids in LZ-ME were significantly higher than those in LZ-SE (177.20%， 82.34%， 30.58%， and 11.66%， respectively). A total of 58 chemical components were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS， and eight representative difference components of LZ-ME and LZ-SE were found. LZ-ME significantly increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in mice serum and neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in mice hippocampus， decreased dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu) levels in mice hippocampus (P ting effects of LZ. These compounds may directly enhance levels of the GABA，

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Nd@C3N4-photoredox/chlorine dual catalyzed synthesis and evaluation of antitumor activities of 4-alkylated sulfonyl ketimines

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 412-416页

作者： Hong-Tao Ji Yu-Han Lu Yan-ting Liu Yu-Lin Huang Jiang-Feng Tian Feng Liu Yan-Yan Zeng Hai-Yan yang Yong-Hong Zhang Wei-Min He Department of Ophthalmology The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital Hengyang Medical School University of South China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of South China Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Hunan Cancer Hospital The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University

The first example of Nd@C3N4-photoredox/chlorine dual catalyzed alkylation with unactivated alkanes as the alkyl sources has been developed,which allows for the synthesis of various 4-alkylated cyclic sulfonyl *** this process,chlorine functions as both a redox and hydrogen atom transfer *** synergism of the reversible Nd2+/Nd3+and Clˉ/Cl˙redox pairs significantly enhances overall photocatalytic *** in vitro anticancer activity of 4-alkylated products was evaluated by using the CCK8assay against both human choroidal melanoma （MUM-2B） and lung cancer （A549） *** 3da showed approximately triple the potency of 5-fluorouracil.

关键词： Chlorine Dual catalysis Hydrogen atom transfer Redox catalyst Semiconductor

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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid targets HSP90 to promote protein homeostasis and extends healthy lifespan

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 416-430页

作者： Jia-Yu Liu yao Wang Yue Guo Run-Qi Zheng Yun-Ying Wang Yan-Yan Shen Yan-Hong Liu Ai-Ping Cao Rui-Bo Wang Bo-yang Xie Shuai Jiang Qiu-Ying Han Jing Chen Fang-ting Dong Kun He Na Wang Xin Pan Tao Li Tao Zhou Ai-Ling Li Qing Xia Wei-Na Zhang Nanhu Laboratory National Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijing 100850China

As the elderly population expands,the pursuit of therapeutics to reduce morbidity and extend lifespan has become increasingly *** an FDA-approved drug for chronic cholestatic liver diseases,tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA),a natural bile acid,offers additional health benefits beyond liver ***,we show that TUDCA extends the lifespan and healthspan of ***,oral supplementation of TUDCA improves fitness in old mice,including clinically relevant phenotypes,exercise capacity and cognitive ***,TUDCA treatment drives broad transcriptional changes correlated with anti-aging ***,we discover that TUDCA targets the chaperone HSP90 to promote its protein refolding *** collaboration further alleviates aging-induced endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and facilitates protein homeostasis,thus offering resistance to *** summary,our findings uncover new molecular links between an endogenous metabolite and protein homeostasis,and propose a novel anti-aging strategy that could improve both lifespan and healthspan.

关键词： tauroursodeoxycholic acid lifespan healthspan protein homeostasis

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Combustion aerosols and suspended dust with controlled processes in Lhasa:Elemental analysis and size distribution characteristics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 591-601页

作者： Jinglin Li Zhuoga Deqing Jie Liang Tao Guo Jian yao Wei Liu Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China Meteorological Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region Lhasa 850000China

To explore air contamination resulting from special biomass combustion and suspended dust in Lhasa,the present study focused on the size distribution and chemical characteristics of particulate matter(PM)emission resulting from 7 types of non-fossil pollution *** investigated the concentration and size distribution of trace elements from 7 pollution sources collected in *** Lhasa’s atmospheric particulate matter data,enrichment factors(EFs)have been calculated to examine the potential impact of those pollution sources on the atmosphere quality of *** highest mass concentration of total elements of biomass combustion appeared at PM_(0.4),and the second highest concentration existed in the size fraction 0.4-1μm;the higher proportion(12%)of toxicmetals was produced by biomass *** elemental composition of suspended dust and atmospheric particulate matter was close(except for As and Cd);the highest concentration of elements was all noted in PM_(2.5-10)(PM3-10).Potassium was found to be one of the main biomass *** proportion of Cu in suspended dust is significantly lower than that of atmospheric particulate matter(0.53%and 3.75%),which indicates that there are other anthropogenic *** EFs analysis showed that the Cr,Cu,Zn,and Pb produced by biomass combustion were highly enriched(EFs>100)in all particle *** EFs of most trace elements increased with decreasing particle size,indicating the greater influence of humanfactors on smaller particles.

关键词： Size distribution Trace elements Particulate matter Enrichment factors Lhasa

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Enhanced Cd^(2+)removal from aqueous solution using olivine and magnesite combination:New insights into the mechanochemical synergistic effect

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 714-725页

作者： Xiaofang Chen Chao Wang Min Chen Huimin Hu Junwei Huang ting Jiang Qiwu Zhang School of Resources&Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control South China Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510655China

In this study,an efficient stabilizer material for cadmium(Cd^(2+))treatment was successfully prepared by simply co-milling olivine with *** analyticalmethods including XRD,TEM,SEM and FTIR,combined with theoretical calculations(DFT),were used to investigate mechanochemical interfacial reaction between twominerals,and the reaction mechanism of Cd removal,with ion exchange between Cd^(2+)and Mg^(2+)as the main pathway.A fixation capacity of Cd^(2+)as high as 270.61 mg/g,much higher than that of the pristine minerals and even the individual/physical mixture of milled olivine and magnesite,has been obtained at optimized conditions,with a neutral pH value of the solution after treatment to allow its direct *** as-proposed Mg-based stabilizer with various advantages such as cost benefits,green feature etc.,will boosts the utilization efficiency of naturalminerals over the elaborately prepared adsorbents.

关键词： Olivine Magnesite Interface reaction Mechanochemical activation Cadmium removal

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Molecular characteristics of dissolved organic phosphorus in watershed runoff:Coupled influences of land use and precipitation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 387-398页

作者： Zhanyao Shi yao Du Hongni Liu Yamin Deng Yiqun Gan Xianjun Xie State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Hubei Key Laboratory of yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China School of Environmental Studies&State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China

Land use and precipitation are two major factors affecting phosphorus(P)pollution of watershed ***,molecular characterization of dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP)in runoff under the joint influences of land use and precipitation remains *** study used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR-MS)to study the molecular characteristics of DOP in a typical P-polluted watershed with spatially variable land use and *** results showed that low precipitation and intense human activity,including phosphate mining and associated industries,resulted in the accumulation of aliphatic DOP compounds in the upper reaches,characterized by low aromaticity and low biological *** precipitation and widespread agriculture in the middle and lower reaches resulted in highly unsaturated DOP compounds with high biological stability constituting a higher proportion,compared to in the upper ***,under similar precipitation,more aliphatic DOP compounds characterized by lower aromaticity and higher saturation were enriched in the lower reaches due to more influence from urban runoff relative to the middle *** and/or microbial processes did result in changes in the characteristics of DOP compounds during runoff processes due to the prevalence of low molecular weight and low O/C bioavailable aliphatic DOP molecules in the upper reaches,which were increasingly transformed into refractory compounds from the upper tomiddle *** results of this study can increase the understanding of the joint impacts of land use and precipitation on DOP compounds in watershed runoff.

关键词： Watershed runoff DOP FT-ICR MS Land use Precipitation

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大学生健全人格培育中融入传统文化理念的思考

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边疆经济与文化 2022年第7期 97-99页

作者：葛翠茹杨廷尧广东茂名幼儿师范专科学校马克思主义学院广东茂名525022 广东茂名幼儿师范专科学校财经学院广东茂名525022

在大学生健全人格培育实践机制中融入传统文化理念,具体包括在高校各门专业课程设置实践中融入传统文化理念,在选修课程设置实践中融入传统文化理念,在大学生社团活动实践中融入传统文化理念,在高校学术报告和专题讲座中融入传统文化理... 详细信息

在大学生健全人格培育实践机制中融入传统文化理念,具体包括在高校各门专业课程设置实践中融入传统文化理念,在选修课程设置实践中融入传统文化理念,在大学生社团活动实践中融入传统文化理念,在高校学术报告和专题讲座中融入传统文化理念,在多种新信息技术应用实践中融入传统文化理念等。总之,在大学生健全人格培育中融入传统文化理念具有十分重要的现实意义。

关键词：传统文化理念大学生健全人格培育融入

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