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Observation results of relativistic electrons detected by Fengyun-1 satellite and analysis of relativistic electron enhancement (REE) events

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science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第12期51卷 1947-1956页

作者： yang xiaochao1,2↑ & wang shijin1 1 center for space science and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing {3., china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 1. center for space science and {3. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The space particle component detector on Fengyun-1 satellite which works at the sun-synchronous orbit of about 870 km altitude has detected relativistic electrons for a long time. In comparison with the SAMPEX satellite observations during 1999–2004, the relativistic electron data from Fengyun-1 satellite from June 1999 to 2005 are used to analyze the relativistic electron enhancement (REE) events at the low earth orbit, and the possible correlation among REE events at the low earth orbit, high-speed solar wind and geomagnetic storms is discussed. The statistical result presents that 45 REE events are found in total during this time period, and the strong REE events with the maximum daily average flux > 400 cm?2·srt-1·s?1 occur mostly during the transition period from solar maximum to solar minimum. Among these 45 REE events, four strong REE events last a longer time period from 26-to 51-day and correlate closely with high speed solar wind and strong geomagnetic storms. Meanwhile, several strong geomagnetic storms occur continuously before these REE events, and these continuous geomagnetic storms would be an important factor causing these long-lasting strong REE events. The correlation analysis for overall 45 events indicates that the strength of the REE events correlates with the solar wind speed and the strength of the geomagnetic storm, and the correlation for strong REE events is much stronger than that for weak REE events.

关键词： relativistic electron enhancement low earth orbit high-speed solar wind geomagnetic storm

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Lunar surface dielectric constant,regolith thickness, and ~3.e abundance distributions retrieved from the microwave brightness temperatures of CE-1 Lunar Microwave Sounder

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science china Earth sciences 2010年第9期53卷 1365-1378页

作者： wang ZhenZhan1, LI Yun1,2, JIANG JingShan1 & LI DiHui1 1 National Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory, center for space {3. and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 1. National Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Lunar regolith parameters, such as physical temperature, thickness and dielectric constant, are important in studying regolith features, distribution of lunar resources and evolution of the Moon. There had been no measurement obtained by lunar-orbit-borne microwave radiometer applied to evaluate the properties of lunar regolith before CE-1 Lunar Microwave Sounder (CELMS) being launched. CEMLS is the first passive microwave radiometer in the world to sound the surface of the Moon. The brightness temperatures (TB) sensed by CELMS include complicated information on the above geophysical parameters. In this paper, algorithms of retrieving dielectric constant, regolith thickness, and 3.e content from CELMS brightness temperatures are developed, and the results are compared with those from literature. The results show that the regolith thicknesses are mostly in the range of 4.0-6.0 m, and 43. of them are bigger than 5.0 m. The content of 3.e evaluated by retrieved regolith thickness is about 1.03.million tons.

关键词： CE-1 Lunar Microwave Sounder (CELMS) lunar regolith dielectric constant lunar regolith thickness 3.e retrieval

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Propagation of interplanetary shock excited ultra low frequency (ULF) waves in magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere——Multi-spacecraft “Cluster” and ground-based magnetometer observations

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science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2528-2534页

作者： wang ChengRui1,2,ZONG QiuGang1,3.& wang YongFu1 1 Institute of space Physics and {3. Technology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china 2 Sate Key Laboratory of space Weather,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100190,china 3.center for Atmospheric research,600 Suffolk Street,University of Massachusetts Lowell,MA 01854,USA 1. Institute of space Physics and applied Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. Sate Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China3. Center for Atmospheric Research University of Massachusetts 600 Suffolk Street Lowell MA 01854 USA

The ultra low frequency (ULF) wave in magnetosphere can act as an important means for solar wind energy inward *** paper quantitatively analyzes the propagation process of the ULF wave triggered by the interplanetary shock propagating from inner magnetosphere equatorial plane along magnetic field lines to the top of the ionosphere and below ionosphere propagating process and establishes a relatively complete magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere propagation model which can be used to study the relationship between the amplitude of the ULF waves triggered by the interplanetary shock wave in magnetospheric space and the magnetic effect caused by the ULF *** a comparison with recent observations,we found that: in the event during November 7,2004 that an interplanetary shock wave interacted with the magnetosphere,Cluster satellites observed that electric field fluctuations and the band-pass filtered result of ground stations meridional component had similar *** with the geomagnetic measurement near the footprints,we found that the electric field disturbance in the magnetosphere spread along the ground magnetic field lines in the form of the ULF waves and changed into geomagnetic *** result reveals that the ULF wave is in contact with the ground geomagnetic *** ULF waves couple with ionized components in ionosphere and spread to the ground in the form of electromagnetic *** this research,we believe that the magnetosphere,ionosphere and ground magnetic effects caused by interplanetary shock wave are the same physical phenomena responding in different *** on the overall consideration of entire electromagnetic response to the interplanetary shock wave,we found that the correlation between CLUSTER multi-satellite observation and geomagnetic station observation is due to the ULF wave propagated in magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system,and we quantitatively interpreted this response process

关键词： ultra low frequency (ULF) wave magnetic storm ionosphere IRI model interplanetary shock

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Low-frequency fluctuations in the magnetosheath: Double Star TC-1 and Cluster observations

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science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1626-1638页

作者： DU Jian1,2 wang Chi1, SONG Pu3.4 & ZHANG TieLong5 1 State Key Laboratory of space Weather, center for space science and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, china 2 Graduate School, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3.Earth, Environmental and Atmospheric sciences Department, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mas-sachusetts MA 01854, USA 4 center for Atmospheric research, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts MA 01854, USA 5 space research Institute, Austrian academy of sciences, Graz A-8010, Austria State Key Laboratory of space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Earth Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Department University of Massachusetts Lowell Massachusetts MA 01854 USA center for Atmospheric research University of Massachusetts Lowell Massachusetts MA 01854 USA space research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz A-8010 Austria

The magnetic field variations are analyzed in the range of time periods from 4 s to 240 s in the magnetosheath observed by the Double Star TC-1 and Cluster in 2004. The characteristics of the magnetic field fluctuations are strongly controlled by the angle between the upstream interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the normal of the bow shock. Generally speaking, the magnetic field fluctuations in the quasi- parallel magnetosheath are more intense than those in the quasi-perpendicular ones. Almost purely compressional waves are found in the quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath. With the increase of the local plasma β, both the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field fluctuate more intensely. There exists an inverse correlation between the local temperature anisotropy T⊥/T|| and the plasma β.

关键词： low-frequency fluctuations magnetosheath MHD instabilities

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Relative position determination of a lunar rover using high-accuracy multi-frequency same-beam VLBI

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science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第3期53卷 571-578页

作者： LIU QingHui1, CHEN Ming1, XIONG WeiMing2, QIAN ZhiHan1, LI JinLing1, HAO wangHong1,4, wang GuangLi1, ZHENG WeiMin1, GUAN Di3. ZHU RenJie1, wang WeiHua1, ZHANG XiuZhong1, JIANG DongRong1, SHU FengChun1, PING JinSong1 & HONG XiaoYu11 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,{3., Shanghai 20003., china 2 center for space science and applied research,{3., Beijing 100190, china 3.Lunar Explorer Engineering General Department,{3., Beijing 100012, china 4 Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, china 1. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China2. Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China4. Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology Beijing 100094 China3. Lunar Explorer Engineering General Department Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Multi-frequency same-beam VLBI means that two explorers with a small separation angle are simultaneously observed with the main beam of receiving antennas. In the same-beam VLBI, the differential phase delay between two explorers and two receiving telescopes can be obtained with a small error of several picoseconds. The differential phase delay, as the observable of the same-beam VLBI, gives the separation angular information of the two explorers in the celestial sphere. The two-dimensional relative position on the plane-of-sky can thus be precisely determined with an error of less than 1 m for a distance of 3.8×105 km far away from the earth, by using the differential phase delay obtained with the four chinese VLBI stations. The relative position of a lunar rover on the lunar surface can be determined with an error of 10 m by using the differential phase delay data and the range data for the lander when the lunar topography near the rover and the lander can be determined with an error of 10 m.

关键词： same-beam VLBI differential phase delay relative position determination lunar rover

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A new algorithm for microwave radiometer remote sensing of sea surface salinity and temperature

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1204-1211页

作者： YIN Xiaobin1, LIU Yuguang1, wang Zhenzhan2 & XIU Peng1 1. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of china, Qingdao 266003. china 2. {3. for space and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, china 1. Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China 2. center for space and applied {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The microwave radiation of the sea surface, which is denoted by the sea surface brightness temperature, is not only related with sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature (SST), but also influenced by sea surface wind. The errors of wind detected by satellite sensor have significant influences on the accuracy of SSS and SST retrieval. The effects of sea surface wind on sea surface brightness temperature, i.e. △Th,v, and the relations among △Th,v, wind speed, sea surface tempera- ture, sea surface salinity and incidence angle of observation are investigated. Based on the investi- gations, a new algorithm depending on the design of a single radiometer with double polarizations and multi-incidence angles is proposed. The algorithm excludes the influence of sea surface wind on SSS and SST retrieval, and provides a new method for remote sensing of SSS and SST.

关键词： microwave radiometer, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, wind, brightness temperature.

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Primary scientific results of Chang'E-1 lunar mission

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science china Earth sciences 2010年第11期53卷 1565-1581页

作者： OUyang ZiYuan1,2, LI ChunLai1, ZOU YongLiao1, ZHANG HongBo1, Lü Chang1, LIU JianZhong1, LIU JianJun1, ZUO Wei1, SU Yan1, WEN WeiBin1, BIAN Wei1, ZHAO BaoChang3. wang JianYu4, yang JianFeng3. CHANG Jin5, wang HuanYu6, ZHANG XiaoHui7, wang shijin7, wang Min1, REN Xin1, MU LingLi1, KONG DeQing1, wang XiaoQian1, wang Fang1, GENG Liang1, ZHANG ZhouBin1, ZHENG Lei1, ZHU XinYing1, ZHENG YongChun1, LI JunDuo1, ZOU XiaoDuan1, XU Chun1, SHI ShuoBiao1, GAO YiFei1 & GAO GuanNan1 1 National Astronomical Observatories, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100012, china 2 Institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guiyang 550002, china 3.Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, chinese academy of sciences, Xi’an 710119, china 4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 200083. china 5 Purple Mountain Observatory, chinese academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 6 Institute of High Energy Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 7 center for {23. science and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, china 1. National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China2. Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China3. Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710119 China4. Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 China5. Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China6. Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China7. Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

The strategic plan for the development of the unmanned chinese Lunar Exploration Program is characterized by three distinct stages: "orbiting around", "landing on" and "returning from" the Moon. The first chinese lunar probe, Chang'E-1, which was successfully launched on October 24th, 2007 at Xichang Satellite Launch center, and guided to crash on the Moon on March 1st, 2009, at 52.3.°E, 1.50°S, in the north of Mare Fecunditatis, is the first step towards the "orbiting around" stage. The Chang'E-1 mission lasted 495 days, exceeding the expected life-span by about four months. A total of 1.3. TB raw data was received from Chang'E-1. It was then processed into 4 TB scientific data products at various levels. Many scientific results have been obtained by analyzing these data, including especially the "global lunar image from the first chinese lunar explora- tion mission". All scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved. It provides much useful materials for further advances of lunar sciences and planetary chemistry. Meanwhile, these results will serve as a firm basis for future chinese lunar missions.

关键词： lunar orbiter Chang’E-1 scientific data results

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The Prediction of Maximum Amplitudes of Solar Cycles and the Maximum Amplitude of Solar Cycle 24

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2002年第6期2卷 557-562页

作者： Jia-Long wang, Jian-Cun Gong, Si-Qing Liu, Gui-Ming Le and Jing-Lan Sun1 National Astronomical Observatories, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 1000122 center for {3. science and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080 center for space science and {3. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080

We present a brief review of predictions of solar cycle maximum amplitude with a lead time of 2 years or more. It is pointed out that a precise prediction of the maximum amplitude with such a lead-time is still an open question despite progress made since the 1960s. A method of prediction using statistical characteristics of solar cycles is developed: the solar,cycles are divided into two groups, a high rising velocity (HRV) group and a low rising velocity (LRV) group, depending on the rising velocity in the ascending phase for a given duration of the ascending phase. The amplitude of Solar Cycle 24 can be predicted after the start of the cycle using the formula derived in this paper. Now, about 5 years before the start of the cycle, we can make a preliminary prediction of 83.2-119.4 for its maximum amplitude.

关键词： Sun : sunspots Sun : activity

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REVIEW OF MIDDLE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERIC research IN china

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空间科学学报 1998年第S1期18卷 53-60页

作者： wang Ying-jian(center for space {3. and applied Researeh,The chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080)

In past two years, the studies of planetary waves, gravity waves, photochemical processes and effects of solar and human activities in china have made encouraging progress. Some new instruments, e.g., VHF radar, sodium lidar,mesospheric microwave measurements and tilting filter photometer etc., have bring into operation, it enhances the observing ability to middle and upper atn1osphere greatly. In this paper main progress of the research in the upper stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere in china in the past two years is reviewed.

关键词： Middle and upper atmosphere Middle atmospheric dynamics Middle atmospheric photochemistry Atmospheric remote sensing

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New numerical algorithms in SUPER CE/SE and their applications in explosion mechanics

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science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第9期53卷 237-243页

作者： wang Gang1,2,wang JingTao1 & LIU KaiXin1,3.1 LTCS and College of Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china 2 LHD,Institute of Mechanics,{3. academy of sciences,Beijing 100190,china 3.center for applied Physics and Technology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china 1. LTCS and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. LHD Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China3. Center for Applied Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The new numerical algorithms in SUPER/CESE and their applications in explosion mechanics are studied. The researched al-gorithms and models include an improved CE/SE (space-time Conservation Element and Solution Element) method,a local hybrid particle level set method,three chemical reaction models and a two-fluid model. Problems of shock wave reflection over wedges,explosive welding,cellular structure of gaseous detonations and two-phase detonations in the gas-droplet system are simulated by using the above-mentioned algorithms and models. The numerical results reveal that the adopted algorithms have many advantages such as high numerical accuracy,wide application field and good compatibility. The numerical algo-rithms presented in this paper may be applied to the numerical research of explosion mechanics.

关键词： new algorithm SUPER CE/SE numerical simulation explosion mechanics

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