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Calculating soil moisture by remote sensing and analyzing hydrologic cycle process in the Yellow River basin

Science china(Technological sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 1-13页

作者： yang shengtian1 & liu changming1, 2.1. school of environmental sciences, {2. normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, {2. 100101, china beijing normal Univ Sch Environm Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Based on the AVHRR pathfinder remote sensing data, soil moisture, precipitation and evaporation during the period of 1982.1.98, soil moisture of all layers of soil-profile (0—1 m) in the Yellow River basin over the 17 years are calculated by the remote sensing model of calculating soil water. The Yellow River basin is divided into seven subcatchments as control sections at the location of six hydrologic stations (Lanzhou, Toudaoguai, Longmen, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin). After calculating soil moisture and obtaining runoff data and precipitation data, the dynamical features of hydrological cycle in the Yellow River basin are analyzed for the period from 1982.to 1988 using water balance method. The conclusions are as follows: It is feasible to calculate the soil water on the macro-scale, in the soil profile with temporal continuity by means of remote sensing and survey in land. Some values of the key water cycle factors in the Yellow River are obtained, which include the annual precipitation of 4000 km3, the evapotranspiration of 3000-3500 km3, and the soil moisture transformation of ?500- 500 km3. Consequently, we analyzed the process of the water cycle in the Yellow River over the 17 years, and the results show that the segment upstream of Lanzhou city is a relatively humid region, and the area of internal waters and the reaches of Shanshan is the most desiccated region. Therefore, the runoff in the depth process is intensive and the runoff-generating process is weak in more arid regions.

关键词： the Yellow River, soil moisture, remote sensing, hydrologic cycle.

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Natural eco-environmental evaluation of eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using RS and GIS

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2002年第3期12卷 283-288页

作者： yang shengtian, {2. changming, yang Zhifeng, SUNRui, ZHOU Xiaodong(1. Inst. of environmental sciences, beijing normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. Dept. of Resources and environmental Science, beijing normal University, beijing 100875,china) Inst. of environmental sciences Beijing Normal University 北京 100875 Dept. of Resources and environmental Science Beijing Normal University 北京 100875

The impact of interbasin water transfer on environment is very significant. The affected area of the west route scheme of the South to North Water Transfer Project in china (SNWT) is located in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, where the altitude is high with frigid eco-environment. In this article, remote sensing and GIS are applied to analyze the natural environment and the natural environment index is established to express the natural conditions of the study area. After the natural environment index is divided into four grades and the features of each grade are analysed, some results are obtained for reference in environmental assessment of the west route of SNWT.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau environmental assessment remote sensing GIS

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Development of ecohydrological assessment tool and its application

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2009年第7期52卷 1947-1957页

作者： liu changming {2. shengtian WEN ZhiQun WANG XueLei WANG YuJuan LI Qian SHENG HaoRan Institude of Water Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital CitiesSchool of GeographyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The development of Hydro-Informatic Modelling System (HIMS) provides an integrated platform for hydrological simulation. To extend the application of HIMS, an ecohydrological modeling system named ecohydrological assessment tool (EcoHAT) has been developed. Integrating parameter-management tools, RS (remote sensing) inversion tools, module-design tools and GIS analysis tools, the EcoHAT provides an integrated tool to simulate ecohydrological processes on regional scale, which develops a new method on sustainable use of water. EcoHAT has been applied to several case studies, such as, the Yellow River Basin, the acid deposition area in Guizhou province and the riparian catchment of Guanting reservoir in beijing. Results prove that EcoHAT can efficiently simulate and analysis the ecohydrological processes on regional scale and provide technical support to integrated water resources management on basin scale.

关键词： EcoHAT ecohydrology distributed model remote sensing

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全球世界自然遗产地的空间分布及潜力区筛选建议

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广西植物 2024年第8期44卷 1495-1511页

作者：刘茂徐雪罗娅杨胜天石春茂赵爽廖梦垚贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院贵阳550025 贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地贵阳550025 贵州师范大学生态文明学院贵阳550025 北京师范大学水科学研究院北京100875

世界自然遗产地对于保护生物多样性至关重要。然而,当前世界自然遗产地对生物多样性保护的贡献与差距仍不明晰。为此,该文分析了世界自然遗产地数量和面积的时空变化特征,并识别了当前世界自然遗产地在全球生物多样性重要分布区中的保... 详细信息

世界自然遗产地对于保护生物多样性至关重要。然而,当前世界自然遗产地对生物多样性保护的贡献与差距仍不明晰。为此,该文分析了世界自然遗产地数量和面积的时空变化特征,并识别了当前世界自然遗产地在全球生物多样性重要分布区中的保护空缺,旨在为未来筛选世界自然遗产地潜力区提供参考。结果表明:(1)截至2.2.年7月,世界自然遗产地共2.7项,有189项以保护生物多样性为主要目的被列入到名录中,占总数的73.54%。(2.在189项以保护生物多样性为目的的世界遗产地中,有80项分布在16个生物多样性超级丰富的国家;89项分布在全球30个生物多样性热点区内;134项分布在全球关键生物多样性区;170项分布在12.植被生物群落中。(3)世界自然遗产地数量的空间分布差异主要受到自然环境、经济发展水平、人口分布等因素的共同影响。(4)世界自然遗产地为生物多样性保护作出了重要贡献但仍存在空缺。未来可从3个方向考虑世界遗产地的申报,即列入类别上可扩展不可再生地质类遗址与生物多样性世界遗产地的名单,生物多样性保护上对未受到保护的优先区予以重视并增强有效性保护,地理分布上加强代表性不足的遗址分布数量。以上研究成果对于指导探寻那些具有独特生物多样价值但还尚未列入世界自然遗产保护的区域有重要参考价值。

关键词：世界自然遗产地自然保护地生物多样性潜力区影响因素

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The effect of environmental factors on spatial variability in land use change in the high-sediment region of china＇s Loess Plateau

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2014年第5期24卷 802-814页

作者： LUO Ya yang shengtian ZHAO Changsen {2. Xiaoyan {2. changming WU Linna ZHAQ Haigen ZHANG Yichi State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities Beijing 100875 China school of Geographic and environmental {2. Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550001 China Yellow River Conservancy Commission Zhengzhou 450003 China College of Water Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Land Water Cycle and Surface Processes CAS IGSNRR CAS Beijing 100101 China College of Resource and Environment Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China

In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that： 1） Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2.1.. The total area experiencing land use change was 42.302.km2. accounting for 2..57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2.1. compared with 1998.2. Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including （a） low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, （b） medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, （c） farmland to other woodland, and （d） farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3） The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively sta

关键词： spatial variability land use change dryness/wetness soil properties slope gradient the high-sedi-ment region of china's Loess Plateau

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Comprehensive analysis of changes to catchment slope properties in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau, 1978-2.1.

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2015年第4期25卷 437-450页

作者： ZHOU Xu yang shengtian {2. Xiaoyan {2. changming ZHAO Changsen ZHAO Haige ZHOU Qiuwen WANG Zhiwei State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science School of Geography Beijing Normal University BeijingKey Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities Beijing 100875 China school of Land and Resource China West Normal University Nanchong 637009 Sichuan China Yellow River Conservancy Commission Zhengzhou 450003 China College of Water Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Land Cycle and Surface Processes CAS IGSNRR CAS Beijing 100101 China

To control soil erosion and restore the degraded environment in the Loess Plateau, a large number of measures related to soil and water conservation have been employed that have profoundly affected catchment properties. This study constructed three indicators to characterize changes to the catchment slope, proposed both a method for a regression analysis of adjacent images and a sequence model, and applied multisource remotely sensed images and GIS spatial clustering analysis technologies to extract thematic information and comprehensively analyze the catchment change characteristics. The results indicate that the catchment slope properties changed significantly. At catchment scale, the average values of ARC, DVC and ART were 6.43%, 2..57% and 4.30%, respectively. There were six clustering types of catchment slope property changes. The maximum and minimum of the average similarities of the clustering types were 0.992.and 0.935. Each slope control measures had a distinct effect on catchment slope; the dominating factor of each clustering type was identified as： Type 1： D-VC, Type 2. D-VCLU, Type 3： D-LUVC, Type 4： D-TAVC, Type 5： D-TAC and Type 6： D-MFC. Type 5 and Type 1 covered the largest areas, respectively occupying 37.2.% and 31.01%. Catchment slope property changes also had distinct types that depended on their geomorphological conditions. These findings provide a useful basis from which to further study catchment slope hydrological and soil erosion processes.

关键词： catchment slope property slope control measure changes high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau

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Natural ecological water demand in the lower Heihe River

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第1期2卷 63-68页

作者： Xinfeng FU Hongmou HE Xiaohui JIANG shengtian yang Guoqing WANG Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003China school of Geography Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The ecological environment in the lower Heihe River has been deteriorating due to large water consump-tion in the upper and middle reaches,and less available water *** restore the ecological environment in the lower Heihe River,the ecological water demand should be *** natural vegetation area in the lower Heihe River was first obtained through the inter-pretation of remote sensing images taken in *** on the analysis for the Quota of the natural ecological water demand in the lower Heihe River and the deter-mination of the natural ecological water demand calcula-tion method,the ecological water demand in the lower Heihe ***,thenatural ecological water demand in the lower Heihe River under the current situation was calculated with the groundwater storage volume change method,Aweliyongrufe method and the measured water volume *** comparison,the nat-ural ecological water demand in the lower Heihe River is 3.91–4.056108 m^(3).

关键词： natural ecologicalwater demand lowerHeihe River natural vegetation remote sensing

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Loss coefficient of nitrogenous non-point source pollution under various precipitation conditions

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第2期2卷 230-235页

作者： Hongguang CHENG Fanghua HAO Xiyan REN shengtian yang Wen XIONG Shaoping LEI school of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationBeijing 100875China The Water Resources Protection Scientific Research Institute of the yangtze River Wuhan 430051China

In this study,calibrations of non-point source(NPS)pollution models are performed based on Black River basin historical real-time runoff data,sedimentation record data,and NPS sources survey *** concept of NPS loss coefficient for the watershed or the loss coefficients(LC)for simplicity is brought up by examining NPS build-up and migration processes along riverbanks in natural river *** historical data is used for determining the nitrogenous NPS loss coefficient for five land use types including farmland,urban land,grassland,shrub land,and forest under different precipitation *** comparison of outputs from Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model and coefficient export method showed that both methods could obtain reasonable *** high Pearson correlation coefficient(0.9472.)between those two sets of calculation results justified the consistency of those two *** result in the study is that different combinations of precipitation condition and land use types could significantly affect the calculated loss *** for the adsorptive nitrogen,the order of impact on LC for different land use types can be sorted as:farm *** *** *** while the order was *** *** *** land for soluble nitrogen.

关键词： non-point source pollution land uses loss coefficient Heihe River Basin

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Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers＇ water requirements of the instream environment in dualistic water cycle： A case study of Liaohe River Basin

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2007年第3期17卷 304-316页

作者： WANG Xiqin ZHANG Yuan liu changming school of Natural Resources and Environment Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China River and Coastal environmental Research Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment sciences of the Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river requirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that： except Xiliao River is ＂median＂, the rest are all upon ＂good＂, the Dongliao River is even ＂very good＂. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that： considering ＂quantity＂, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the ＂quantity＂ criteria of the en- vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of ＂quality＂, only Dongliao River can reach the ＂quality＂ standard. By water quantity-quality combined evaluation method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem demands.

关键词： dualistic water cycle rivers environmental flows of river requirements water quantity water quality evaluation Liaohe River

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低空遥感无人机影像反演河道流量

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地理学报 2019年第7期74卷 1392-1408页

作者：赵长森潘旭杨胜天刘昌明陈新张含明潘天力北京师范大学水科学研究院城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学国家重点实验室北京100875 山东农业大学水利土木工程学院泰安271018 济南市水文局济南250013 东营市水文局东营257000

河道流量在维持水圈系统稳定性、估算国家水能资源可开发量等方面具有重要作用。卫星遥感受其分辨率限制很难准确反演中小河流流量,近地面遥感流量计算方法及传统水文测流方法技术复杂、设备昂贵、测算效率低,限制了其在无资料区、灾害... 详细信息

河道流量在维持水圈系统稳定性、估算国家水能资源可开发量等方面具有重要作用。卫星遥感受其分辨率限制很难准确反演中小河流流量,近地面遥感流量计算方法及传统水文测流方法技术复杂、设备昂贵、测算效率低,限制了其在无资料区、灾害突发事件非接触式应急监测等方面的广泛应用。为此,在充分吸收国内外遥感反演河道流量方法优点的基础上,基于低空遥感无人机(UAV)影像,提出了一种适用于各类尺度河流的高效、非接触、简易快速反演河道流量的方法。该方法提供了有、无地面实测大断面两类情况下流量反演途径,通过无人机影像生成点云和表面高程(DSM),基于点云和DSM获取水面宽、糙率、水面比降以及水上大断面信息,采用水力学方法计算河道流量。并根据地面336组野外站点实测数据验证了方法的精度,进一步分析了无地面实测大断面情况下的流量计算误差。结果表明,反演流量在高值区略高于实测流量,可以满足灾害应急监测流量精度需求(R^2.0.997,RMSE=4.55m^3/s);无地面实测大断面资料而进行概化时,流量计算误差随水位升高、河宽增大而减小,最大累积误差为最大过水流量的8.2.%,误差主要来自于水位低、河宽小、流量小的过水断面底部。考虑到研究区大断面多样性受限,而人类活动影响下的河底断面复杂多样,未来尚需进一步研究提高近河底处大断面概化精度,以提高无地面实测大断面情况下的流量反演精度。本文利用无人机遥感影像反演河道流量的思路可为灾害应急监测提供快速流量监测的新途径,也可为无资料地区遥感水文测站的建立提供重要参考依据。

关键词：河道流量无人机水力学济南

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