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Frequency and size change of ice–snow avalanches in the central Himalaya:A case from the Annapurna Ⅱ glacier

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 464-475页

作者： Yao LI Yi-fei CUI jian-Sheng HAO Zheng-Tao ZHANG Hao WANG jian GUO Shuo-Fan WANG State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of National Safety and Emergency Management Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Glaciers have retreated and shrunk in High Mountain Asia since the mid-2.th century because of global warming,leading to glacier instability and hazardous iceesnow ***,the complex relationship between iceesnow avalanches and factors such as climate and potential triggers are difficult to understand because of the lack of observational ***,we addressed iceesnow avalanches on the Annapurna Ⅱ glacier in Nepal,Central *** constructed an iceesnow avalanche history using long-term multi-source remote sensing images(1988-2.2.)and mapped the velocity fields of glaciers using cross-correlation analysis on SAR and optical ***,we investigated the impact of climate change and earthquakes on the frequency and size of iceesnow *** results demonstrate that the frequency of iceesnow avalanches has increased from 10 in 1988 to 2. in 2.2.,but the average area of iceesnow avalanche deposits has decreased by approximately 70%,from 3.4×10^(5) m^(2. in 1988 to 1.2.10^(5) m^(2. in *** evolutionary characteristic of ice avalanches is linked to the impact of glacier retreat(reduction in ice material supply)and increased activity under climate *** glacier movement velocity controls the size of iceesnow avalanches and can be set as an indicator for iceesnow avalanche *** the Annapurna Ⅱ glacier,an iceesnow avalanche occurred when the glacier velocities were greater than 1.5 m d^(-1).These results offer insights into iceesnow avalanche risk assessment and prediction in high-mountain areas,particularly in regions characterised by dense glacier distribution.

关键词： Iceesnow avalanche Glacier instability Climate change Central Himalaya Remote sensing

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Chiral quantum heating and cooling with an optically controlled ion

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1393-1400页

作者： Jin-Tao Bu jian-Qi Zhang Ge-Yi Ding Jia-Chong Li Jia-Wei Zhang Bin Wang Wen-Qiang Ding Wen-fei Yuan Liang Chen Qi Zhong Ali Keçebaş Şahin KÖzdemir fei zhou Hui Jing Mang Feng State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071 WuhanChina. University of the Chinese Academy of sciences 100049 BeijingChina. Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology511458 GuangzhouChina. department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research InstitutePennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA 16802USA. Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal University410081 ChangshaChina. department of Physics Zhejiang Normal University321004 JinhuaChina

Quantum heat engines and refrigerators are open quantum systems,whose dynamics can be well understood using a non-Hermitian formalism.A prominent feature of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points(EPs),which has no counterpart in closed quantum *** has been shown in classical systems that dynamical encirclement in the vicinity of an EP,whether the loop includes the EP or not,could lead to chiral mode ***,we show that this is valid also for quantum systems when dynamical encircling is performed in the vicinity of their Liouvillian EPs(LEPs),which include the effects of quantum jumps and associated noise—an important quantum feature not present in previous *** demonstrate,using a Paul-trapped ultracold ion,the first chiral quantum heating and refrigeration by dynamically encircling a closed loop in the vicinity of an *** witness the cycling direction to be associated with the chirality and heat release(absorption)of the quantum heat engine(quantum refrigerator).Our experiments have revealed that not only the adiabaticity breakdown but also the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg process play an essential role during dynamic encircling,resulting in chiral thermodynamic *** observations contribute to further understanding of chiral and topological features in non-Hermitian systems and pave a way to exploring the relation between chirality and quantum thermodynamics.

关键词： quantum chiral dynamical

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Serum Iron Overload Activates the SMAD Pathway and Hepcidin Expression of Hepatocytes via SMURF1

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第3期12卷 227-235页

作者： Ning Zhang Pengyao yang Yanmeng Li Qin Ouyang {2. Hou Guixin Zhu Bei Zhang jian Huang Jidong Jia Anjian Xu Experimental and Translational Research Center Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina department of Gastroenterology Beijing Shunyi HospitalBeijingChina department of Critical Liver Diseases Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Liver Research Center Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background and Aims:Liver iron overload can induce hepatic expression of bone morphogenic protein(BMP)6 and activate the BMP/SMAD ***,serum iron overload can also activate SMAD but does not induce BMP6 ***,the mechanisms through which serum iron overload activates the BMP/SMAD pathway remain *** study aimed to clarify the role of SMURF1 in serum iron overload and the BMP/SMAD ***:A cell model of serum iron overload was established by treating hepatocytes with 2.mg/mL of holo-transferrin(Holo-Tf).A serum iron overload mouse model and a liver iron overload mouse model were established by intraperitoneally injecting 10 mg of Holo-Tf into C57BL/6 mice and administering a high-iron diet for 1 week followed by a low-iron diet for 2.*** blotting and real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the activation of the BMP/SMAD pathway and the expression of ***:Holo-Tf augmented the sensitivity and responsiveness of hepatocytes to *** E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1 mediated Holo-Tf-induced SMAD1/5 activation and hepcidin expression;specifically,SMURF1 expression dramatically decreased when the serum iron concentration was ***,the expression of SMURF1 substrates,which are important molecules involved in the transduction of BMP/SMAD signaling,was significantly ***,in vivo analyses confirmed that SMURF1 specifically regulated the BMP/SMAD pathway during serum iron ***:SMURF1 can specifically regulate the BMP/SMAD pathway by augmenting the responsiveness of hepatocytes to BMPs during serum iron overload.

关键词： BMP/SMAD pathway Hepcidin Holo-transferrin Ubiquitin-proteasome degradation Hemochromatosis

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The prognostic value of collateral circulation in coronary chronic total occlusion underwent percutaneous coronary intervention

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第2期21卷 232-241页

作者： Xiao-Ying HU Wei-Xian yang Chang-Dong GUAN Li-Hua XIE Ke-fei DOU Yong-{2. WU Jin-Qing YUAN Jie QIAN Yue-Jin yang Shu-Bin QIAO Lei SONG department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases BeijingChina Catheterization Laboratories Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of coronary collateral circulation(CC)in patients undergoing chronic total occlusion(CTO)percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is *** purpose of the study was to assess the prognostic value of current two CC grading systems and their association with long-term outcomes in patients with CTO underwent *** We consecutively enrolled patients with single-vessel CTO underwent PCI between January 2.10 and *** patients were categorized into well-developed or poor-developed collaterals group according to angiographic Werner's CC(grade 2.*** 0–1)or Rentrop(grade 3 *** 0–2.grading *** primary endpoint was 5-year cardiac *** Of 2.52.enrolled patients,the overall technical success rate was 74.1%.Well-developed collaterals were present in686 patients(2..0%)defined by Werner's CC grade 2.and in 1145 patients(46.7%)by Rentrop grade *** to Werner's CC grading system,patients with well-developed collaterals had a lower rate of 5-year cardiac death compared with those with poordeveloped collaterals(1.6%vs.3.3%,P=0.02.,those with suboptimal recanalization was associated with higher rate of 5-year cardiac death compared with optimal recanalization(4.7%vs.0.8%,P=0.01)and failure patients(4.7%vs.1.6%,P=0.12..However,the similar effect was not shown in Rentrop grading *** In patients with the single-vessel CTO underwent PCI,well-developed collaterals by Werner's CC definition were associated with lower rate of 5-year cardiac ***'s CC grading system had a greater prognostic value than Rentrop grading system in patients with CTO underwent PCI.

关键词： coronary collateral occlusion

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Fine classification of rice paddy using multitemporal compact polarimetric SAR C band data based on machine learning methods

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第1期18卷 30-43页

作者： Xianyu GUO Junjun YIN Kun LI jian yang Huimin ZOU Fukun yang School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Rice is an important food crop for human *** distinguishing different varieties and sowing methods of rice on a large scale can provide more accurate information for rice growth monitoring,yield estimation,and phenological monitoring,which has significance for the development of modern *** polarimetric(CP)synthetic aperture radar(SAR)provides multichannel information and shows great potential for rice monitoring and ***,the use of machine learning methods to build classification models is a controversial *** this paper,the advantages of CP SAR data,the powerful learning ability of machine learning,and the important factors of the rice growth cycle were taken into account to achieve high-precision and fine classification of rice ***,CP SAR data were simulated by using the seven temporal RADARSAT-2.C-band data ***,2.-two CP SAR parameters were extracted from each of the seven temporal CP SAR data *** addition,we fully considered the change degree of CP SAR parameters on a time scale(ΔCP_(DoY)).Six machine learning methods were employed to carry out the fine classification of rice *** results show that the classification methods of machine learning based on multitemporal CP SAR data can obtain better results in the fine classification of rice paddies by considering the parameters ofΔCP_(DoY).The overall accuracy is greater than 95.05%,and the Kappa coefficient is greater than *** them,the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)achieve the best results,with an overall accuracy reaching 97.32.and 97.37%,respectively,and Kappa coefficient values reaching 0.965 and 0.966,*** the two types of rice paddies,the average accuracy of the transplant hybrid(T-H)rice paddy is greater than 90.64%,and the highest accuracy is 95.95%.The average accuracy of direct-sown japonica(D-J)rice paddy is greater than 92.57%,and the highest accuracy is 96.13%.

关键词： compact polarimetric(CP)SAR rice paddy machine learning fine classification multitemporal

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A Simple-Prepared and Multi-Reusable Adhesive Based on Epoxy Vitrimer

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第10期42卷 1589-1594,I0015页

作者： Yu-Ting Wang Huan Liang Yen Wei jian-Long Wang Xiang-Ming He yang yang Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry&Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Adhesives play an important role in modern society's production and daily *** robust and sustainable adhesives remains a great *** we report a sustainable epoxy-vitrimer adhesive with high adhesive strength(about 10 MPa)and reusability(82.strength after 3 times).This adhesive can be fabricated from commercially available products through a straightforward hot-pressing method without the need of *** adhesive process is also simple,requiring only 30 min at 180℃.In addition,the vitrimer adhesive has the advantages of both erasability for reuse and excellent water *** work provides a facile strategy to fabricate high-strength adhesive that ensures reusability,recyclability,low cost of raw materials,and simple processing ***,it expands the range of potential applications for epoxy vitrimers.

关键词： Epoxy Vitrimer Adhesive Reusable Sustainable

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The source of Double ITCZ induced by the SST bias over the tropical western Pacific as reflected in CAS-ESM2.Model

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Science china Earth sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1604-1615页

作者： Jinning TONG fei ZHENG jiangbo JIN Ruowen {2. jiang ZHU Qingcun ZENG department of Atmospheric sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China International Center for Climate and Environment Science Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

“Double ITCZ”is a common precipitation bias over the tropical Pacific in current climate models and Earth system models,but the reasons for its formation are still worth exploring and *** this study,we adopted the second version of Chinese Academy of sciences Earth System Model(CAS-ESM2.,by comparing a set of sea surface temperature(SST)bias correction experiments over the tropical Pacific,to explore the possible mechanism of SST bias on inducing the“Double ITCZ”from the perspective of the climatic annual mean bias in the coupled *** revealed that the simulated climatic annual mean SST bias over the tropical Pacific can affect the bias of latent heat flux through the saturation specific humidity,and the bias of latent heat flux can further affect that of vertical velocity of humid air by the condensation release mechanism,and finally modulate the simulated bias in ***,through the inter-comparison between different experiments,it is found that the source of Double ITCZ might mainly come from the annual mean SST bias over the tropical western Pacific through the proposed air-sea coupled process of“SST-saturated specific humidity-latent heat flux-vertical velocity-precipitation”,indicating a possible way on reducing the couple biases in models over the tropical Pacific to improve the accuracy of CAS-ESM2.for climate simulation.

关键词： SST bias Double ITCZ Nudging SST CAS-ESM2

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A high-resolution dataset for lower atmospheric process studies over the Tibetan Plateau from 1981 to 2.2.

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Big Earth Data 2024年第3期8卷 540-565页

作者： fei Li Shupo Ma Jinhuan Zhu Han Zou Peng Li Libo zhou department of Lower Atmospheric Observation Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

ABSTRACT A high-resolution meteorological dataset(≤10 km)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is the foundation for investigating and predicting the weather and climate over *** TP Subregional Dynamical Downscaling(TPSDD)dataset is a newly developed high-spatial-temporal resolution gridded dataset for land‒air exchange pro-cesses and lower atmospheric structure studies over the whole TP region,taking the climate characteristics of each TP subregion into *** dataset spans from 1981 to 2.2.,covering the TP with a temporal resolution of 2.hr and spatial resolution of 10 *** elements of the dataset include near-surface land-air exchange parameters,such as downward/upward long-wave/shortwave radiation flux,sensible heat flux,latent heat flux,*** addition,the vertical distributions of 3-dimensional wind,temperature,humidity,and pressure from the surface to the lower stratosphere are also *** evaluations were con-ducted to verify the performance of the TPSDD dataset by compar-ing TPSDD/reanalysis with surface and vertical observations through the calculation of statistical *** results demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of this dataset against reanalysis data,which provides great potential for future climate change research.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau WRF model dynamical downscaling land‒air interaction the lower atmosphere

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Three cancers in the renal pelvis,bladder,and colon:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第2期12卷 392-398页

作者： Jing Chen Hua-Yan Huang Hui-Chun zhou Lin-Xiao Liu Chuang-Fan Kong Quan zhou {2.-Ming fei Yuan-Ming Zhu Hu Liu Ye-Chen Tang Cheng-Zhong zhou department of General Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of Pathology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of Medical Imaging The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 31400Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Multiple primary cancers are rare occurrences that can involve either metachronous or synchronous *** is particularly rare for an individual to have more than two primary *** this report,we present a case study of an elderly man who was diagnosed with three heterochronous cancers in the renal pelvis,bladder,and *** SUMMARY On December 30,2.14,a 51-year-old Chinese man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of intermittent painless gross hematuria for the preceding week.A computed tomography(CT)scan revealed wall thickening in the left ureter’s upper segment,while a CT urography revealed a left renal pelvis tumor.A successful laparoscopic radical resection of the left renal pelvis tumor was subsequently performed at Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital in January *** pathological findings after the surgery revealed a low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the renal *** final pathological tumor stage was *** surgery,this patient received 6 cycles of intravenous chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin,as well as bladder infusion therapy with *** December 18,2.17,the patient was admitted once again to our hospital with a one-day history of painless gross hematuria.A CT scan showed the presence of a space-occupying lesion on the posterior wall of *** examination revealed multiple tumors in the bladder and right cutaneous ureterostomy was performed under general anesthesia on December 2.,*** postoperative pathological findings disclosed multifocal papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder(maximum size 3.7 cm×2.6 cm).The bladder cancer was considered a metastasis of the renal pelvis cancer after *** pathological tumor stage was *** patient refused chemotherapy after *** another six years,the patient returned on February 2.,2.2.,complaining of periumbilical pain that had lasted six *** time,a CT scan of the abdomen showed a tumor in the ascen

关键词： Metachronous primary carcinoma Renal pelvis carcinoma Bladder carcinoma Colon carcinoma Case report

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Pluggable multitask diffractive neural networks based on cascaded metasurfaces

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第2期7卷 23-31页

作者： Cong He Dan Zhao fei Fan Hongqiang zhou Xin Li Yao Li Junjie Li fei Dong Yin-Xiao Miao Yongtian Wang Lingling Huang beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Optics and PhotonicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Institute of Modern Optics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network TechnologyNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China department of Physics and Optoelectronics Faculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100191China beijing Aerospace Institute for Metrology and Measurement Technology Beijing 100076China

Optical neural networks have significant advantages in terms of power consumption,parallelism,and high computing speed,which has intrigued extensive attention in both academic and engineering *** has been considered as one of the powerful tools in promoting the fields of imaging processing and object ***,the existing optical system architecture cannot be reconstructed to the realization of multi-functional artificial intelligence systems *** push the development of this issue,we propose the pluggable diffractive neural networks(P-DNN),a general paradigm resorting to the cascaded metasurfaces,which can be applied to recognize various tasks by switching internal *** the proof-of-principle,the recognition functions of six types of handwritten digits and six types of fashions are numerical simulated and experimental demonstrated at near-infrared ***,the proposed paradigm not only improves the flexibility of the optical neural networks but paves the new route for achieving high-speed,low-power and versatile artificial intelligence systems.

关键词： optical neural networks diffractive deep neural networks cascaded metasurfaces

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