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Straw return increases crop production by improving soil organic carbon sequestration and soil aggregation in a long-term wheat-cotton cropping system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 669-679页

作者： changqin yang Xiaojing Wang Jianan Li Guowei Zhang Hongmei Shu Wei Hu Huanyong Han Ruixian Liu Zichun Guo Institute of Industrial Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton and RapeseedMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai’an 223003China College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Cotton Research Institute Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation ScienceShihezi 832000China Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable AgricultureNanjing 210008China

Straw return is a promising strategy for managing soil organic carbon(SOC)and improving yield ***,the optimal straw return strategy for sustainable crop production in the wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)-cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)cropping system remains *** objective of this study was to quantify the long-term(10 years)impact of carbon(C)input on SOC sequestration,soil aggregation and crop yields in a wheat-cotton cropping system in the yangtze River Valley,*** treatments were arranged with a single-factor randomized design as follows:no straw return(Control),return of wheat straw only(Wt),return of cotton straw only(Ct),return of 50%wheat and 50%cotton straw(Wh-Ch)and return of 100%wheat and 100%cotton straw(Wt-Ct).In comparison to the Control,the SOC content increased by 8.4 to 20.2%under straw return.A significant linear positive correlation between SOC sequestration and C input(1.42-7.19 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(−1))(P2 and 1-2 mm at the 0-20 cm soil depth were also significantly elevated under straw return,with the greatest increase of the aggregate stability in the Wt-Ct treatment(28.1%).The average wheat yields increased by 12.4-36.0%and cotton yields increased by 29.4-73.7%,and significantly linear positive correlations were also detected between C input and the yields of wheat and *** average sustainable yield index(SYI)reached a maximum value of 0.69 when the C input was 7.08 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(−1),which was close to the maximum value(SYI of 0.69,C input of 7.19 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(-1))in the Wt-Ct ***,the return of both wheat and cotton straw was the best strategy for improving SOC sequestration,soil aggregation,yields and their sustainability in the wheat-cotton rotation system.

关键词： straw return crop yields SOC soil aggregates wheat-cotton cropping system

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彝药豆瓣绿的本草考证及生药学研究

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中国药学杂志 2024年第7期59卷 589-599页

作者：王晓燕官仕玉杨昌琴黄艳高驰尹鸿翔成都中医药大学药学院成都611137 成都中医药大学民族医药学院成都611137 四川省药品检验研究院国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室成都611731

目的对彝药豆瓣绿(果久鲁)进行本草考证和生药学研究,为正本清源及质量控制提供依据。方法通过查阅古今本草文献结合实际调查研究,从名称、基原、彝族药用情况、民间验方4个方面进行考证。进行植物形态及药材性状的观察及描述,制备茎、... 详细信息

目的对彝药豆瓣绿(果久鲁)进行本草考证和生药学研究,为正本清源及质量控制提供依据。方法通过查阅古今本草文献结合实际调查研究,从名称、基原、彝族药用情况、民间验方4个方面进行考证。进行植物形态及药材性状的观察及描述,制备茎、叶中脉横切面石蜡切片及全草粉末装片,观察显微特征;基于薄层色谱法进行理化鉴别,采用HPLC对其主要药效物质基础α-细辛脑进行含量测定,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,对其化学轮廓进行气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析。结果在不同本草专著中,以豆瓣绿为原植物所记载的正名并不统一,且别名甚多,共计5个正名,44个别名,同物异名现象十分突出。另外,同名异物也客观存在:以“一柱香”为正名记载药物除胡椒科植物豆瓣绿外,还涉及茜草科植物一柱香Oldeniandia capituligera(Hce)***.,以“鹿衔(草)”为名记载药物除豆瓣绿外,还涉及鹿蹄草科植物鹿蹄草Pyrola calliantha ***或普通鹿蹄草Pyrola decorata ***;草胡椒属近缘植物石蝉草Peperomia dindygulensis Miq.、短穗草胡椒Peperomia duclouxli ***.亦被作为豆瓣绿所使用。文献可查的彝族药用情况可追溯到《云南省志》,综合考证,其彝文名为:■,音译名:果久鲁。文献记载收载民间验方10个。对采集的10批药材进行系统生药学研究,确定了豆瓣绿药材形态特征、组织构造和粉末特征、理化鉴别特征,通过HPLC测定α-细辛脑含量在0.0648%~0.5916%,对产自四川、云南、贵州的5批药材进行挥发油GC-MS分析,鉴定出24种化合物,采用峰面积百分比法,得到相对百分含量大于2%的共有成分5种。结论本研究完成了彝药豆瓣绿的本草考证及生药学研究,推动其纳入了《四川省中药材标准》(藏、彝、羌、苗药材2022年版),将为豆瓣绿的质量科学评价和深度开发提供重要依据。

关键词：豆瓣绿彝药本草考证生药学气相色谱-质谱联用质量控制

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嘉兴地区秋季菜薹品种比较试验

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现代农业科技 2024年第4期 43-46页

作者：朱守业杨昌勤施正侃郑兴祖桐乡绿禾农业科技开发有限公司浙江嘉兴314515 杭州六和种子有限公司浙江杭州310021

随着生活水平的逐渐提高,人们对高品质菜薹的需求也在逐渐增强。为筛选出适宜嘉兴地区种植的菜薹品种,对11个菜薹品种的农艺性状、产量及品质进行了对比。结果表明:青苔305、青苔105、大种80天、玉田3号的产量较高,分别为12733.33、1420... 详细信息

随着生活水平的逐渐提高,人们对高品质菜薹的需求也在逐渐增强。为筛选出适宜嘉兴地区种植的菜薹品种,对11个菜薹品种的农艺性状、产量及品质进行了对比。结果表明:青苔305、青苔105、大种80天、玉田3号的产量较高,分别为12733.33、14200.00、12219.05、9857.14 kg/hm^(2);外观特性及品质等方面也具有明显优势,符合嘉兴地区市场的消费习惯,具有较高的推广价值。

关键词：菜薹产量品质浙江嘉兴

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早熟结球白菜新品种浙研5号的选育及其种植技术

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浙江农业科学 2024年第5期65卷 1131-1134页

作者：朱守业施正侃杨昌勤施睿敏郑英杭州六和种子有限公司浙江杭州310021 桐乡绿禾农业科技开发有限公司浙江嘉兴314515 浙研农业(杭州)有限公司浙江杭州310021

浙研5号是桐乡绿禾农业科技开发有限公司以自交不亲和系TW-6-2-6-5为母本,以自交不亲和系JC-3-5-6-3为父本杂交后选育而成的早熟结球白菜一代杂种。该品种播种后55~60 d采收,植株生长习性直立,叶球为筒形,中肋颜色白,叶色绿,叶形近圆,... 详细信息

浙研5号是桐乡绿禾农业科技开发有限公司以自交不亲和系TW-6-2-6-5为母本,以自交不亲和系JC-3-5-6-3为父本杂交后选育而成的早熟结球白菜一代杂种。该品种播种后55~60 d采收,植株生长习性直立,叶球为筒形,中肋颜色白,叶色绿,叶形近圆,植株高40 cm,开展度40~45 cm,叶全缘;球心叶黄,球高30.0 cm,叶球横径15 cm,单球净重约1.40 kg,667 m^(2)产量为4660.0 kg;耐热,耐湿,高抗病毒病,中抗霜霉病。该品种适宜在浙江、江苏、安徽及其相似生态区夏季作苗用型白菜,秋季作结球白菜栽培。

关键词：结球白菜浙研5号杂交一代选育栽培技术

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Sequential Inverse Optimal Control of Discrete-Time Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第3期11卷 608-621页

作者： Sheng Cao Zhiwei Luo changqin Quan the Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University Kobe 657-8501Japan

This paper presents a novel sequential inverse optimal control(SIOC)method for discrete-time systems,which calculates the unknown weight vectors of the cost function in real time using the input and output of an optimally controlled discrete-time *** proposed method overcomes the limitations of previous approaches by eliminating the need for the invertible Jacobian *** calculates the possible-solution spaces and their intersections sequentially until the dimension of the intersection space decreases to *** remaining one-dimensional vector of the possible-solution space’s intersection represents the SIOC *** paper presents clear conditions for convergence and addresses the issue of noisy data by clarifying the conditions for the singular values of the matrices that relate to the possible-solution *** effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation results.

关键词： Inverse optimal control promised calculation step sequential calculation

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Comparative effects of crop residue incorporation and inorganic potassium fertilization on soil C and N characteristics and microbial activities in cotton field

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Journal of Cotton Research 2019年第4期2卷 191-202页

作者： HU Wei SUI Ning YU Chaoran yang changqin LIU Ruixian ZHOU Zhiguo College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Vegetable Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Industrial Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Background:Crop residue incorporation into the soil is an effective method to augment soil potassium (K)content and effects of crop residue and K fertilizer on soil K balance have been ***,their influences on other soil characteristics such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) characteristics and microbial activities have not been *** address this,field experiments were conducted in 2011 at Dafeng (sandy loam) and Nanjing (clay loam) in China with treatments including blank control without crop residue incorporation and K fertilizer application,0.9t·ha-1wheat straw incorporation (W1C0),0.7t·ha-1cotton residue incorporation (W0C1),0.9t·ha-1wheat straw+0.7t·ha-1cotton residue incorporation (W1C1) and two K fertilizer rates (150 and 300kg·ha-1(K2O)) during the cotton ***:Compared with control,K fertilizer treatments did not alter soil water-soluble organic carbon/soil organic carbon (WSOC/SOC) ratio,microbial biomass carbon (MBC)/SOC ratio,MBC/microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) ratio,water inorganic nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio (WIN/TN),the number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria,or related enzymes activities,however,W0C1,W1C0 and W1C1 treatments significantly increased WSOC/SOC ratio,MBC/SOC ratio and MBC/MBN ratio,and decreased WIN/TN ratio at both sites.W0C1,W1C0 and W1C1 treatments also increased the number of soil cellulose-decomposing bacteria and activities of cellulase,β-glucosidase and *** different crop residue treatments,W1C0 and W1C1 treatments had more significant influences on above mentioned parameters than W0C1 ***,MBC/MBN ratio was the most important factor to result in the differences in the number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria and soil enzymes activities among different ***:Short-term K fertilizer application doesn’t affect soil C and N availability and microbial ***,crop residue incorporation alters soil C and N characteristics and microbial activities

关键词： Crop straw Potash fertilizer Soil quality

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中晚熟菜薹新品种青苔305的选育及栽培技术要点

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浙江农业科学 2024年第8期65卷 1786-1790页

作者：韩国强朱守业施正侃杨昌勤施睿敏郑英陈越范怡杭州六和种子有限公司浙江杭州310021 桐乡绿禾农业科技开发有限公司浙江嘉兴314515 浙研农业(杭州)有限公司浙江杭州310021 桐乡经济开发区农业经济服务中心浙江嘉兴314515

青苔305是浙研农业(杭州)有限公司以雄性不育系203为母本,以自交不亲和系205为父本配制而成的中晚熟菜薹一代杂种。植株生长习性直立,生长势较强,基叶卵圆形,叶色油绿;主薹较粗,油绿,薹长18.6 cm,单薹质量101.7 g,薹质清脆爽口,细腻甜糯... 详细信息

青苔305是浙研农业(杭州)有限公司以雄性不育系203为母本,以自交不亲和系205为父本配制而成的中晚熟菜薹一代杂种。植株生长习性直立,生长势较强,基叶卵圆形,叶色油绿;主薹较粗,油绿,薹长18.6 cm,单薹质量101.7 g,薹质清脆爽口,细腻甜糯,商品性较好;菜薹整齐,侧薹萌发能力强,延续采收时间长,适宜浙江、云南、广东、福建、湖北地区种植。

关键词：菜薹青苔305 一代杂种栽培技术

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The effects of straw‑returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton

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Journal of Cotton Research 2021年第4期4卷 347-357页

作者： HU Wei YU Chaoran ZHAO Wenqing LIU Ruixian yang changqinand ZHOU Zhiguo College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Vegetable Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong 510640China Institute of Industrial Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China

Background:Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium(K)demand for crop growth in the field,but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic K fertilizer on carbon–nitrogen(C–N)balance of cotton and the reproductive *** address this,field experiments were conducted using the cotton cultivar,Siza 3,under there treatments(CK as control group one,no crop straw and inorganic K fertilizer were applied;K150 as control group two,150 kg·ha^(-1) of K2O was applied;and W9000,9000 kg·ha^(-1) wheat straw,which could provide K2O about 150 kg·ha^(-1),was incorporated into soil).Results:Although the final reproductive organ biomass did not differ between W9000 and K150,W9000 had a higher ratio of reproductive organ biomass to total biomass(RRT),suggesting that straw-returning was more conducive to the allocation of biomass to reproductive *** theoretical maximum biomass of reproductive organ was higher,but the average and maximum accumulation rates of reproductive organ biomass were 2.8%∼8.3%and 2.5%∼8.2%lower under W9000 than ***,the duration of rapid-accumulation period for reproductive organ biomass(T)was 2.0∼2.8 d longer under W9000 than K150,which was a reason for the higher RRT under ***-returning altered the dynamics of leaf K with the growth period,so that W9000 had a more drastic effect on leaf C metabolism than ***,lower soluble sugar/free amino acid and C/N ratios were measured under W9000 than K150 at boll-setting(BSS)and boll-opening(BOS)*** leaf net photosynthetic rate,sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities,and lower acid invertase activity were observed under W9000 than K150 at BSS and BOS and these were more conducive to sucrose ***,less sucrose was measured under W9000 than K150 at these *** should be because straw-returning promoted the assimilate transport capacity when compared with inorganic

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum L. Crop straw Inorganic potassium fertilizer Reproductive growth C-N balance

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Consecutive crop residue incorporation hold cotton yield without chemical potassium fertilizer

Consecutive crop residue incorporation hold cotton yield wit...

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中国作物学会——2015年学术年会

作者： Chaoran Yu Yali Meng Fan Zhang Ruixian Liu changqin yang Guanglei Song Zhiguo Zhou Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University Institute of Industrial Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Crop residue incorporation increases soil potassium(K)content,but the different effects of crop residue and chemical K on cotton seedcotton yield are poorly *** to identify that is important for cotton potash *** situ field experiments were conducted at Nanjing and Dafeng(*** with available K of 155 and 316 mg kg,respectively),*** rates of wheat straw in cotton season were 0,4500,9000 kg ha(W0,W4500,W9000),and cotton stalk in wheat season were 0,3750,7500 kg ha(C0,C3750,C7500).There were nine combinations of crop residue treatments without chemical K fertilizer in the wheat-cotton rotation ***,three chemical K fertilizer treatments without crop residue were 0,150,300 kg KO ha(K0,K150,K300)in cotton *** research measured cotton seedcotton *** crop residue incorporation hold seedcotton yield in *** replace chemical K retained 2 years at low soil K site,while 3 years at high *** effect of wheat straw on seedcotton yield was bigger than that of cotton *** with W9000could mostly reached the high seedcotton yield level of K150 in this study,while treatments with W4500appeared not enough for the K demand of cotton at Nanjing in 2013.K150 and K300 were not significantly different in cotton ***,consecutive crop residue incorporation holds the seedcotton yield of BT cotton,*** could replace K fertilizer totally or partly in wheat-cotton rotation system in short-term(2-3 years).

关键词： Cotton Crop residue incorporation Seedcotton yield

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HPLC法测定牛黄上清胶囊中栀子苷含量

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天津药学 2014年第4期26卷 18-19,72页

作者：杨长琴天津市滨海新区食品药品检验检测中心天津300457

目的：建立HPLC法测定牛黄上清胶囊中栀子苷的含量.方法：采用Agela C1s色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以甲醇-水（20∶ 80）为流动相,流速为0.8 ml/min,检测波长为238 nm.结果：栀子苷线性范围为0.101 7 ～0.6102μg/ml（r=0.999 9）... 详细信息

目的：建立HPLC法测定牛黄上清胶囊中栀子苷的含量.方法：采用Agela C1s色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以甲醇-水（20∶ 80）为流动相,流速为0.8 ml/min,检测波长为238 nm.结果：栀子苷线性范围为0.101 7 ～0.6102μg/ml（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.53％,RSD为0.57％（n=6）.结论：本方法可靠、灵敏、准确,适用于牛黄上清胶囊中栀子苷的质量控制.

关键词： HPLC 牛黄上清胶囊栀子苷

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