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Molecular Screening of Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Germplasms Resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae

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Rice science 2017年第1期24卷 41-47页

作者： LIANG Yan YAN Bai-yuan PENG Yun-liang JI Zhi-juan ZENG Yu-xiang WU Han-lin yang chang-deng State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China The Seed Management Station of Jiande Jiande 311600China Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengdu 610066China

Molecular screening of major rice blast resistance genes was determined with molecular markers, which showed close-set linkage to 11 major rice blast resistance genes（Pi-d2, Pi-z, Piz-t, Pi-9, Pi-36, Pi-37, Pi5, Pi-b, Pik-p, Pik-h and Pi-ta2）, in a collection of 32 accessions resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae. Out of the 32 accessions, the Pi-d2 and Pi-z appeared to be omnipresent and gave positive express. As the second dominant, Pi-b and Piz-t gene frequencies were 96.9% and 87.5%. And Pik-h and Pik-p gene frequencies were 43.8% and 28.1%, respectively. The molecular marker linkage to Pi-ta2 produced positive bands in eleven accessions, while the molecular marker linkage to Pi-36 and Pi-37 in only three and four accessions, respectively. The natural field evaluation analysis showed that 30 of the 32 accessions were resistant, one was moderately resistant and one was susceptible. Infection types were negatively correlated with the genotype scores of Pi-9, Pi5, Pi-b, Pi-ta2 and Pik-p, although the correlation coefficients were very little. These results are useful in identification and incorporation of functional resistance genes from these germplasms into elite cultivars through marker-assisted selection for improved blast resistance in China and worldwide.

关键词： Screening linkage blast elite eleven genotype susceptible breeding moderately chromosome

Mapping resistant QTLs for rice sheath blight disease with a doubled haploid population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第5期14卷 801-810页

作者： ZENG Yu-xiang XIA Ling-zhi WEN Zhi-hua JI Zhi-juan ZENG Da-li QIAN Qian yang chang-deng State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute

Sheath blight（SB） disease,caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn,is one of the most serious diseases causing rice（Oryza sativa L.） yield loss worldwide.A doubled haploid（DH） population was constructed from a cross between a japonica variety CJ06 and an indica variety TN1,and to analyze the quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for SB resistance under three different environments（environments 1-3）.Two traits were recorded to evaluate the SB resistance,namely lesion height（LH） and disease rating（DR）.Based on field evaluation of SB resistance and a genetic map constructed with 214 markers,a total of eight QTLs were identified for LH and eight QTLs for DR under three environments,respectively.The QTLs for LH were anchored on chromosomes 1,3,4,5,6,and 8,and explained 4.35-17.53%of the phenotypic variation.The SB resistance allele of qHNLH4 from TN1 decreased LH by 3.08 cm,and contributed to 17.53%of the variation at environment 1.The QTL for LH（qHZaLH8） detected on chromosome 8 in environment 2 explained 16.71%of the variation,and the resistance allele from CJ06 reduced LH by 4.4 cm.Eight QTLs for DR were identified on chromosomes 1,5,6,8,9,11,and 12 under three conditions with the explained variation from 2.0 to 11.27%.The QTL for DR（qHZaDR8）,which explained variation of 11.27%,was located in the same interval as that of qHZaLH8,both QTLs were detected in environment 2.A total of six pairs of digenic epistatic loci for DR were detected in three conditions,but no epistatic locus was observed for LH.In addition,we detected 12 QTLs for plant height（PH） in three environments.None of the PH-QTLs were co-located with the SB-QTLs.The results facilitate our understanding of the genetic basis for SB resistance in rice.

关键词： doubled haploid blight chromosomes sheath explained environments allele phenotypic facilitate

Ultraconformable Integrated Wireless Charging Micro-Supercapacitor Skin

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 46-58页

作者： chang Gao Qing You Jiancheng Huang Jingye Sun Xuan Yao Mingqiang Zhu yang Zhao Tao deng School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People’s Republic of China School of Microelectronics Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China

Conformable and wire-less charging energy storage devices play important roles in enabling the fast development of wearable,non-contact soft electronics.However,current wire-less charging power sources are still restricted by limited flexural angles and fragile connection of components,resulting in the failure expression of performance and constraining their fur-ther applications in health monitoring wearables and moveable artificial limbs.Herein,we present an ultracompatible skin-like integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitor,which building blocks(including electrolyte,electrode and substrate)are all evaporated by liquid precursor.Owing to the infiltration and permeation of the liquid,each part of the integrated device attached firmly with each other,forming a compact and all-in-one configuration.In addition,benefitting from the controllable volume of electrode solution precursor,the electrode thickness is easily regulated varying from 11.7 to 112.5μm.This prepared thin IWC-MSC skin can fit well with curving human body,and could be wireless charged to store electricity into high capacitive micro-supercapacitors(11.39 F cm-3)of the integrated device.We believe this work will shed light on the construction of skin-attachable electronics and irregular sensing microrobots.

关键词： Micro-supercapacitor Electronic skin Supercapacitor skin Wireless charging energy storage device

Microbes in mass extinction: an accomplice or a savior?

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 12-15页

作者： Genming Luo deng Liu Hao yang China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) State Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology

Microbes include various types of organisms that are invisible to the naked eye,e.g. bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. Although the precise number remains largely unknown, microbes are recognized as the unseen majority of our biosphere [1]. As a group of organisms classified by body size, microbes cover a considerable spectrum of metabolisms,

关键词： AFTERMATH

Study of 26 Galactic Open Clusters with Extended Main-sequence Turnoffs

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 30-39页

作者： yang-yang deng Zhong-Mu Li Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Astronomy and Information Dali University

Recent studies indicate that some Galactic open clusters(OCs) exhibit extended main-sequence turnoff(eMSTO)in their color–magnitude diagrams(CMDs). However, the number of Galactic OCs with eMSTO structures detected so far is limited, and the reasons for their formation are still unclear. This work identifies 26 Galactic OCs with undiscovered eMSTOs and investigates the causes of these features. Stellar population types and fundamental parameters of cluster samples are acquired using CMD fitting methods. Among them, the results of 11 OCs are reliable as the observed CMDs are well-reproduced. We propose the crucial role of stellar binarity and confirm the importance of stellar rotation in reproducing eMSTO morphologies. The results also show that the impact of age spread is important, as it can adequately explain the structure of young OCs and fit the observed CMDs of intermediate-age OCs better.

关键词： (Galaxy:) open clusters and associations: general (stars:) binaries: general (stars:) Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M-diagrams Galaxy: fundamental parameters

Scattering of Water Waves by Dual Symmetric Inclined Floating Porous Barriers Using the DBEM

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 156-168页

作者： WANG Li-xian deng Yan-wen YE yang-sha deng Zheng-zhi Key Laboratory of High Performance Ship Technology(Wuhan University of Technology) Ministry of EducationWuhan 430063China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Energy Power EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430063China Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province Changsha 410114China Institute of Port Coastal and Offshore EngineeringZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China

The scattering of normally incident water waves by two surface-piercing inclined perforated barriers in water with a uniform finite depth is investigated within the framework of linear water wave theory.Considering that thin barriers are zero-thickness,a novel numerical method involving the the coupling of the dual boundary element method(DBEM)with damping layers is applied.In order to effectively damp out the reflected waves,two damping layers,instead of pseudoboundaries are implemented near the two side boundaries of the computational domain.Thus,the modified linearized free surface boundary conditions are formulated and used for solving both the ordinary boundary integral equation as well as the hypersingular boundary integral equation for degenerate boundaries.The newly developed numerical method is validated against analytical methods using the matched eigenfunction expansion method for the special case of two vertical barriers or the inclined angle to the vertical being zero.The influence of the length of the two damping layers has been discussed.Moreover,these findings are also validated against previous results for several cases.After validation,the numerical results for the reflection coefficient,transmission coefficient and dissipation coefficient are obtained by varying the inclination angle and porosity-effect parameter.The effects of both the inclination angle and the porosity on the amplitudes of wave forces acting on both the front and rear barriers are also investigated.It is found that the effect of the inclination angle mainly shifts the location of the extremal values of the reflection and the transmission coefficients.Additionally,a moderate value of the porosity-parameter is quite effective at dissipating wave energy and mitigating the wave loads on dual barriers.

关键词： dual boundary element method inclined perforated floating breakwater reflection coefficient transmission coefficient damping layer

Nonlinear robust adaptive control for bidirectional stabilization system of all-electric tank with unknown actuator backlash compensation and disturbance estimation

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 144-158页

作者： Shusen Yuan Wenxiang deng Jianyong Yao Guolai yang School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China

Since backlash nonlinearity is inevitably existing in actuators for bidirectional stabilization system of allelectric tank,it behaves more drastically in high maneuvering environments.In this work,the accurate tracking control for bidirectional stabilization system of moving all-electric tank with actuator backlash and unmodeled disturbance is solved.By utilizing the smooth adaptive backlash inverse model,a nonlinear robust adaptive feedback control scheme is presented.The unknown parameters and unmodelled disturbance are addressed separately through the derived parametric adaptive function and the continuous nonlinear robust term.Because the unknown backlash parameters are updated via adaptive function and the backlash effect can be suppressed successfully by inverse operation,which ensures the system stability.Meanwhile,the system disturbance in the high maneuverable environment can be estimated with the constructed adaptive law online improving the engineering practicality.Finally,Lyapunov-based analysis proves that the developed controller can ensure the tracking error asymptotically converges to zero even with unmodeled disturbance and unknown actuator backlash.Contrast co-simulations and experiments illustrate the advantages of the proposed approach.

关键词： Bidirectional stabilization system Robust control Adaptive control Backlash inverse Disturbance estimation

Precision motion control for electro-hydraulic axis systems under unknown time-variant parameters and disturbances

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 463-471页

作者： Xiaowei yang Yaowen GE Wenxiang deng Jianyong YAO School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

This article focuses on asymptotic precision motion control for electro-hydraulic axis systems under unknown time-variant parameters,mismatched and matched disturbances.Different from the traditional adaptive results that are applied to dispose of unknown constant parameters only,the unique feature is that an adaptive-gain nonlinear term is introduced into the control design to handle unknown time-variant parameters.Concurrently both mismatched and matched disturbances existing in electro-hydraulic axis systems can also be addressed in this way.With skillful integration of the backstepping technique and the adaptive control,a synthesized controller framework is successfully developed for electro-hydraulic axis systems,in which the coupled interaction between parameter estimation and disturbance estimation is avoided.Accordingly,this designed controller has the capacity of low-computation costs and simpler parameter tuning when compared to the other ones that integrate the adaptive control and observer/estimator-based technique to dividually handle parameter uncertainties and disturbances.Also,a nonlinear filter is designed to eliminate the“explosion of complexity”issue existing in the classical back-stepping technique.The stability analysis uncovers that all the closed-loop signals are bounded and the asymptotic tracking performance is also assured.Finally,contrastive experiment results validate the superiority of the developed method as well.

关键词： Adaptive control Asymptotic convergence Electro-hydraulic axis system Precision motion control Unknown time-variant parameters and disturbances

Metagenomic insights into microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes of waste antibiotic fermentation residues along production,storage and treatment processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 45-55页

作者： Ziming Han Xiao Luan Haodi Feng Yanqin deng Min yang Yu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery Beijing 100085China Wuhan Agricultural Inspection Center Wuhan 430016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Antibiotic fermentation residue(AFR)is nutrient-rich solid waste generated from fermentative antibiotic production process.It is demonstrated that AFR contains high-concentration of remaining antibiotics,and thus may promote antibiotic resistance development in receiving environment or feeding farmed animals.However,the dominate microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in AFRs have not been adequately explored,hampering understanding on the potential antibiotic resistance risk development caused by AFRs.Herein,seven kinds of representative AFRs along their production,storage,and treatment processes were collected,and multiple methods including amplicon sequencing,metagenomic sequencing,and bioinformatic approaches were adopted to explore the biological characteristics of AFRs.As expected,antibiotic fermentation producer was found as the predominant species in raw AFRs,which were collected at the outlet of fermentation tanks.However,except for producer species,more environment-derived species persisted in stored AFRs,which were temporarily stored at a semi-open space.Lactobacillus genus,classified as Firmicutes phylum and Bacilli class,became predominant bacterial taxa in stored AFRs,which might attribute to its tolerance to high concentration of antibiotics.Results from metagenomic sequencing together with assembly and binning approaches showed that these newly-colonizing species(e.g.,Lactobacillus genus)tended to carry ARGs conferring resistance to the remaining antibiotic.However,after thermal treatment,remaining antibiotic could be efficiently removed from AFRs,and microorganisms together with DNA could be strongly destroyed.In sum,the main risk from the AFRs was the remaining antibiotic,while environment-derived bacteria which tolerate extreme environment,survived in ARFs with high content antibiotics,and may carry ARGs.Thus,hydrothermal or other harmless treatment technologies are recommended to remove antibiotic content and inactivate bacteria before recycling of AFRs in pharmaceutical industry.

关键词： Pharmaceutical manufacturing Antibiotic mycelia residue Antibiotic resistance bacteria Thermal treatment Solid waste