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干旱胁迫对冬小麦物质转运和不同小穗位籽粒产量的影响

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第6期30卷 1211-1221页

作者：陈志豪王艳杰常旭虹王德梅刘希伟杨玉双石书兵赵广才新疆农业大学农学院新疆乌鲁木齐830000 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农业部作物生理生态重点实验室北京100081

【目的】探究不同冬小麦品种物质转运和不同小穗位产量对拔节至成熟期干旱胁迫的响应。【方法】试验以常规品种济麦22和抗旱品种中麦36为材料,在自动防雨水肥控制池内进行,采用测墒补灌技术实现水分条件的控制。设置顶端小穗形成期到成... 详细信息

【目的】探究不同冬小麦品种物质转运和不同小穗位产量对拔节至成熟期干旱胁迫的响应。【方法】试验以常规品种济麦22和抗旱品种中麦36为材料,在自动防雨水肥控制池内进行,采用测墒补灌技术实现水分条件的控制。设置顶端小穗形成期到成熟期持续干旱(WS:40%~45%FC,FC为田间持水量)和对照处理(CK:80%~85%FC)。调查拔节后不同小穗位小花发育动态,强、弱势粒灌浆速率和产量等指标,以及各器官花前、花后干物质积累运转量。【结果】1)干旱胁迫促进济麦22穗中部和上部的小花原基发育进程,显著减少了小花原基数量,导致穗部发育不平衡,而对中麦36各部位小花原基发育进程和数量无显著影响。2)干旱胁迫下,抗旱品种中麦36的开花前营养器官贮藏干物质转运量(Pre-DT)和转运率(Pre-DTE)较对照条件下分别显著降低34.8%和33.2%,降低了花前贮藏干物质运转对籽粒的贡献率(Pre-DCR),但开花后干物质积累量(Post�DA)及其对籽粒的贡献率(Post-DCR)分别提高5.1%和25.7%;常规品种济麦22的花前营养器官贮藏干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率比对照提高了32.1%,Post-DA和Post-DCR分别降低了40.4%和21.3%。干旱胁迫下,中麦36 Pre-DCR的下降主要因为茎秆Pre-DCR的降低,而济麦22的Pre-DCR比对照提高了1.4倍,主要是由穗轴和颖壳Pre-DCR的增加所致。3)济麦22叶鞘、茎秆及穗轴+颖壳中的干物质向籽粒转运受到干旱的抑制,而中麦36仅茎秆和穗轴+颖壳受到干旱的抑制。与正常条件相比,干旱致使济麦22的籽粒灌浆速率下降42%,对中麦36无显著影响。济麦22上部和中部小穗位强势粒受干旱影响较大,而中麦36上部小穗位弱势粒受干旱影响较大,表现为济麦22的穗粒数、单粒重和单穗产量降幅(7.6%、15.9%和24.3%)均高于中麦36(3.3%、9.5%和16.3%)。【结论】抗旱品种主要靠开花后干物质积累来增加籽粒产量,而常规品种主要靠转运开花前营养器官贮藏干物质来增加籽粒产量。干旱胁迫条件下,常规品种济麦22的籽粒产量降幅显著高于抗旱品种中麦36,主要原因是干旱导致济麦22不同小穗位小花原基的发育不平衡,叶鞘、茎秆及穗轴+颖壳的干物质转移到籽粒的过程均受抑制,且中部和上部小穗位强势粒受到影响,导致灌浆速率显著降低。抗旱品种中麦36在干旱胁迫下通过降低茎秆开花前营养器官贮藏干物质转运量,提高开花后营养器官干物质积累量对籽粒贡献率应对干旱胁迫,且干旱胁迫主要影响弱势粒。

关键词：小麦干旱胁迫强弱势粒物质转运产量

Effects of zinc fertilizer and short-term high temperature stress on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第9期17卷 1979-1990页

作者： TAO Zhi-qiang WANG De-mei CHANG Xu-hong WANG Yan-jie yang yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture

Content of wheat flour proteins affects the quality of wheat flour. Zinc nutrition in wheat can change the protein content of the flour. The inconsistency and instability of wheat grain quality during grain filling while under high temperature stress （HTS） are major problems in the production of high quality wheat. At present, there is a lack of studies on zinc fertilizer and HTS effects on wheat flour protein and the content of its components. For this study, treatment combinations of four levels of zinc fertilizers and exposure to a short-term HTS, at 20 d after flowering （D20）, were tested on two wheat cultivars with different gluten levels. Individuals of a strong gluten wheat, Gaoyou 2018 （GY2018）, and a medium gluten wheat, Zhongmai 8 （ZM8）, were grown in pots at the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing in 2015-2017. We measured grain yield and weight and the activities of two enzymes （nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase） from the flag leaves, collected at D10 and D20. Total protein content, protein yield, and content of four protein components （albumin, gliadin, glutenin, and globulin） were measured from flour produced from the pot-grown plants. HTS significantly increased the contents of total protein, albumin, gliadin, and glutenin in wheat grains, and reduced the grain yield, grain weight, protein yield, globulin content, and flag leaf nitrate reductase （NR） and glutamine synthetase （GS） activities. The results showed that HTS and zinc fertilizer had greater impacts on the strong gluten cultivar compared to the medium gluten cultivar. Under HTS, grain yield decreased by 13 and 8% in GY2018 and ZM8, respectively; protein yield decreased by 7 and 8% in GY2018 and ZM8, respectively. Zinc fertilizer increased： grain and protein yields; grain weight; total protein, albumin, gliadin, and glutenin contents; protein yield; and NR and GS activities. In contrast, zinc fertilizer reduced the content of globulin. The add

关键词： Triticum aestivum L. zinc fertilizer strong gluten climate warming

Light interception and radiation use efficiency response to tridimensional uniform sowing in winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第3期17卷 566-578页

作者： tao zhi-qiang wang de-mei ma shao-kang yang yu-shuang zhao guang-cai chang xu-hong Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry ofAgriculture Beijing 100081 P.R. China

Improving radiation use efficiency （RUE） of the canopy is necessary to increase wheat （Triticum aesfivum） production. Tridimensional uniform sowing （U） technology has previously been used to construct a uniformly distributed population structure that increases RUE. In this study, we used tridimensional uniform sowing to create a wheat canopy within which light was spread evenly to increase RUE. This study was done during 2014-2016 in the Shunyi District, Beijing, China. The soil type was sandy loam. Wheat was grown in two sowing patterns：（1） tridimensional uniform sowing （U）; （2） conventional drilling （D）. Four planting densities were used： 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, and 4.5 million plants ha-1. Several indices were measured to compare the wheat canopies： photosynthetic active radiation intercepted by the canopy （IPAR）, leaf area index （LAI）, leaf mass per unit area （LMA）, canopy extinction coefficient （K）, and RUE. In two sowing patterns, the K values decreased with increasing planting density, but the K values of U were lower than that of D. LMA and IPAR were higher for U than for D, whereas LAI was nearly the same for both sowing patterns. IPAR and LAI increased with increasing density under the same sowing pattern. However, the difference in IPAR and LAI between the 3.6 and 4.5 million plants ha-1 treatments was not significant for both sowing patterns. Therefore, LAI within the same planting density was not affected by sowing pattern. RUE was the largest for the U mode with a planting density of 3.6 million plants ha-1 treatment. For the D sowing pattern, the lowest planting density （1.8 million plants ha-1） resulted in the highest yield. Light radiation interception was minimal for the D mode with a planting density of 1.8 million plants ha-1 treatment, but the highest RUE and highest yield were observed under this condition. For the U sowing pattern, IPAR increased with increasing planting density, but yield and RUE were the highest with a planting density of 3.6 millio

关键词： tridimensional uniform sowing extinction coefficient leaf area index leaf mass per unit area wheat

An economic and viable approach to improve wheat quality in Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第8期21卷 2227-2240页

作者： WANG yu-jiao TAO Zhi-qiang WANG De-mei WANG Yan-jie yang yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai SHI Shu-bing CHANG Xu-hong College of Agronomy Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China

Wheat flour products are the main dietary component of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)population in ***,the high altitude restricts the local wheat quality and quantity,and the applied nitrogen rate is higher than the optimal rate for wheat *** this study,we considered whether reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and introducing the superior varieties from the North China Plain(NCP)are viable ways to increase the wheat quality and quantity in the *** and four winter wheat cultivars from QTP and NCP,respectively,were planted in Lhasa at an altitude of 3647 m with reduced topdressing nitrogen application at the jointing *** wheat from NCP exhibited higher grain hardness index and test weight,and better flour and dough *** the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer from 135 to 75 kg N ha^(-1) at the jointing stage(with the same basal fertilization of 105 kg N ha^(-1) did not significantly(P<0.05)affect the grain yield,grain quality,flour quality or dough quality in any of the *** summary,introducing high-quality winter wheat varieties from the NCP to the Lhasa plateau is a viable way to enhance the wheat supply and quality in the *** a certain amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is an economic and feasible approach for the QTP region.

关键词： Triticum variety introduction wheat quality high altitude nitrogen

Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第3期18卷 483-495页

作者： Kishk Abdelmageed CHANG Xu-hong WANG De-mei WANG Yan-jie yang yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai TAO Zhi-qiang Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081P.R.China Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research CenterGiza 12619Egypt

Wheat was the first crop grown in Egypt, and it remains highly important. Egypt is the largest wheat importer in the world and consumes an extensive amount of bread. It is imperative for wheat scientists to decrease the large gap between production and consumption. Wheat yields in Egypt increased 5.8-fold(6.7 billion kg) between 1961 and 2017 due to variety improvement and the use of better planting methods such as the raised bed method, ideal sowing date, surge flow irrigation and farm irrigation systems, laser levelling, fertilizers, and intercropping with raised beds. In this paper, the development of wheat production techniques and variety evolution over more than five decades in Egypt have been analyzed. In particular, we have focused on the technologies, cultural practices and causes for per unit area yield increase. The main purpose was to study the issues that have arisen during wheat production and to make recommendations for smart agricultural practices. In 1981, the yield was 3 300 kg ha–1 and through the improvement of varieties, expansion of agricultural land and the adoption of modern agricultural techniques yield reached 6 500 kg ha–1 by 2017. The production growth rate was 4.1% annually, and the total grain yield increased 4.3-fold, from 1.9 billion kg in 1981 to about 8.1 billion kg in 2017. The use of new improved varieties, new cultivation techniques, and modern irrigation techniques contributed to 97.0% of the increase in yield per unit area and 1.5% of the increase in yield was due to planting area expansion. Therefore, the increase in total yield mainly depended on the increase in yield per unit area. Wheat production in Egypt has been improved through the development of breeding and cultivation techniques. The use of these new techniques, the popularization of new high-quality seed varieties, and the use of the raised bed method instead of the old method of planting in basins have made the largest contributions to increased yield. In the futur

关键词： Egypt wheat production modern techniques raised bed water saving mechanization

Small but mighty:Empowering sodium/potassium-ion battery performance with S-doped SnO_(2) quantum dots embedded in N,S codoped carbon fiber network

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 186-200页

作者： Shengnan He Hui Wu shuang Li Ke Liu Yaxiong yang Hongge Pan Xuebin yu Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy Xi'an Technological UniversityXi'anChina Department of Materials Science Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Wanxiang A123 Systems Corporation HangzhouChina School of Material Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina

SnO_(2) has been extensively investigated as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to its high Na/K storage capacity,high abundance,and low ***,the sluggish reaction kinetics,low electronic conductivity,and large volume changes during charge and discharge hinder the practical applications of SnO_(2)-based electrodes for SIBs and *** rational structures with fast charge/ion transfer and robust stability is important to overcoming these ***,S-doped SnO_(2)(S-SnO_(2))quantum dots(QDs)(≈3 nm)encapsulated in an N,S codoped carbon fiber networks(S-SnO_(2)-CFN)are rationally fabricated using a sequential freeze-drying,calcination,and S-doping *** analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the integration of S-SnO_(2) QDs with N,S codoped carbon fiber network remarkably decreases the adsorption energies of Na/K atoms in the interlayer of SnO_(2)-CFN,and the S doping can increase the conductivity of SnO_(2),thereby enhancing the ion transfer *** synergistic interaction between S-SnO_(2) QDs and N,S codoped carbon fiber network results in a composite with fast Na+/K+storage and extraordinary long-term ***,the S-SnO_(2)-CFN delivers high rate capacities of 141.0 mAh g^(−1) at 20 A g^(−1) in SIBs and 102.8 mAh g^(−1) at 10 A g^(−1) in ***,it delivers ultra-stable sodium storage up to 10,000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1) and potassium storage up to 5000 cycles at 2 A g^(−1).This study provides insights into constructing metal oxide-based carbon fiber network structures for high-performance electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices.

关键词： carbon fiber network heteroatom doping potassium-ion battery sodium-ion battery S-SnO_(2)quantum dot

In vitro Evaluating the Influence of Grape Seed Polyphenol Extract on the Digestibility of Macronutrients

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Journal of Health Science 2016年第4期4卷 167-176页

作者： Jianmei yu yang Mi shuang Ji Food and Nutritional Sciences Program Department of Family and Consumer Sciences North Carolina A & T State UniversityGreensboro NC 27411 USA

Interaction between dietary polyphenol and proteins including digestive enzymes may result in reduced digestibility of food macronutrients, thus lowering absorption of nutrients that contributing to high energy accumulation in human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of grape seed polyphenol extract （GSPE） on the digestibility of starch, food lipid and food protein by digestive enzymes such as u-amylase, lipase, pepsin and trypsin. The digestion of each substrate was conducted at the optimal pH and temperature of specific enzyme. Bread containing different amount of grape pomace was used as a real food model and its digestion was conducted under simulated digestion condition. Concentrations of reducing sugar, fatty acid and amino acids in enzyme digested mixtures were determined as indicators of starch, lipid and protein digestions, respectively. Results indicate that GSPE significantly inhibited the digestion of starch, cooking oil and casein, but did not inhibit digestion of whey protein and egg white protein. Instead, the digestion of egg white and whey protein by trypsin was moderately enhanced in the presence of GSPE. However, under simulated human digestion condition, the grape pomace in the bread significantly reduced the digestibility of bread starch and protein.

关键词： Grape seed polyphenol extract grape pomace macronutrient bread digestibility simulated digestion.

Two polyoxovanadoborates with over 100 nuclei assembled from a {V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)} cluster

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2578-2585页

作者： shuang-Xue Wu yu-Jiao Dong yang yang Chao Qin Chun-Yi Sun Wei Guan Xin-Long Wang Zhong-Min Su Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130013China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

Combining theoretical prediction and experimental exploration, the first sandwich-type polyoxovanadoborate(POVB) with an odd number of nuclei, [V_(11)B_(26)O_(73)(OH)_(10)]^(8-)(1), was discovered under hydrothermal conditions. Density-functional theory(DFT)gives a rationalization for the existence of this structure and the structural feature is consistent with the {V_NB_(2N+X)}(X = 2, 4, 6, 8)general formula. Excitingly, when Co and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen) are introduced into the synthesis of vanadoborates system,a 100-nuclei [Co_6(phen)_(10)(H_(2)O)_8][V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)O_(144)(OH)_(20)]·28H_(2)O(2) and a 102-nuclei [Co_6(phen)_(14)(H_(2)O)_(4)][V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)O_(144)(OH)_(20)]·23H_(2)O(3) with the same core structure of [V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)]^(12-)are obtained. The vase-shaped [V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)] polyanion is a multilayered sandwich-type structure containing seven distinct structural layers and is the largest known POVB. Furthermore, 2demonstrates exceptional thermal and chemical stability and serves as an efficient and stable catalyst for the photoreduction of carbon dioxide.

关键词： boronate metallic materials polyoxovanadoborates density functional theory photocatalysis CO_(2)reduction

Atmospheric chemistry of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde:Initiated by photo-excitation,OH-oxidation,and small TiO_(2) clusters adsorption catalysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 123-137页

作者： Feng-yang Bai Xiang-Huan Liu Ting-Ting Meng Zhou yu Yi-Chen Wang shuang Ni Zhen Zhao Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China

The fate of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde(2-NBA)is of interest in atmospheric chemistry as it is a semi-volatile organic compound with high *** study presents a quantum chemical study of the gas-phase reactions of 2-NBA photo-excitation and OH-oxidation in the absence and presence of small TiO_(2) *** further understand the unknown photolysis mechanism,the photo-reaction pathways of ground singlet state and the lying excited triplet state of 2-NBA were investigated including the initial and subsequent reactions of proton transfer,direct CO,NO_(2),and HCO elimination routes in the presence of O_(2) and ***,the OH-mediated degradation of 2-NBA proceeded via five H-extraction and six OH-addition channels by indirect mechanism,which follows a succession of reaction steps initiated by the formation of weakly stable intermediate *** H-extraction from the-CHO group was the dominant pathway with a negative activation energy of-1.22 kcal/*** calculated rate coefficients at 200–600 K were close to the experimental data in literature within 308-352 K,and the kinetic negative temperature independence was found in both experimental literature and computational ***,2-NBA was favored to be captured onto small TiO_(2) clusters via six adsorption configurations formed via various combination of three types of bonds of Ti…O,Ti…C,and O…H between the molecularly adsorbed 2-NBA and TiO_(2) *** indicted that the chemisorptions of aldehyde oxygen have largest *** results suggested adsorption conformations have a respectable impact on the catalysis *** study is significant for understanding the atmospheric chemistry of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde.

关键词： 2-nitrobenzaldehyde OH radical oxidation Rate coefficient Photolysis mechanism Adsorption catalysis