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Comparisons of EVD and DVD

维普期刊数据库评论

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2006年第2期13卷 74-78页

作者： yan Ming DAI jian-hua HU Guo-rong GxSOC Research Institute Communication University of China Beijing 100024 P.R. China

The goal of the Enhanced Versatile Disc （EVD） standard is to define an advanced high definition disc competing with Digital Versatile Disc （DVD）. The EVD standard consists of the physical specification, the file system .specification, and the specification for audio/video data and Enhanced （ x ） Audio Coding （ExAC） technology. EVD is an integrated .system similar to DVD. Comprehensive comparisons of EVD and DVD are given in this paper. Their key differences include disc formats, file system structures, data structures, audio/video coding, and other issues. Among them, we emphasize on the logic structure of EVD data and its enhanced audio coding method ExAC. We can draw conclusions through these comparisons that EVD is more the advantageous.

关键词： EVD DVD logic structure ExAC MPEG-2

Behavior and control of chlorine in dyestuff residue incineration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第3期18卷 577-582页

作者： yan jian-hua TAN Zhong-xin jianG Xue-guang CHI Yong CEN Ke-fa State key Laboratory of Clean Energy Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Dyestuffresidue, a type of hazardous waste, is incinerated in the tubular furnace, and thermodynamic equilibrium model is used to calculate and analyze the chlorine behavior. The HCI emission and its effects on the behaviors of heavy metals are studied. Meanwhile, the effects of three dechlorine reagents are predicted at a high temperature. Results show that HCI emission is dependent on incineration temperature. The HCl evaporated mainly derives from the organic chlorine. Under the working condition of 500-- 900℃, the main products of rig, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Mn in reaction with HCl are HgCl2 （g）, PbCl4（g）, PbCI2 （g）, （CuCl）3 （g）, NiCl2 （s）, NiCl2 （g）, ZnCl2 （s）, ZnCl2 （g）, Zn （g）, MnCl2 （s）, and MnCl2 （g）, respectively. Among the three dechlorine reagents, CaCO3 is optimal to remove chlorine at high temperature, little of HCl is released below 800℃, whereas Fe3O4 is unstable at high temperature.

关键词： hazardous waste thermodynamic equilibrium model HCl heavy metals dechlorine reagents

Laboratory-scale study of the suppression of PCDD/F emission during coal and MSW co-incineration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期19卷 762-767页

作者： LU Sheng-yong yan jian-hua LI Xiao-dong NI Ming-jiang CEN Ke-fa State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

The experimental test of co-incinerating Chinese raw municipal solid waste （MSW） and coal in a laboratory-scale tubular reactor was first reported in present study, and the emission of normal gas components and the effects of the S/Cl molar ratio or coal mixing percentages on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDDs/Fs） emission were investigated and discussed. The results indicated that OCDD was the only PCDD homologues since others like TCDD-HpCDD was hardly detected, while as the categories of PCDF homologues were comparatively much more general. The amount of PCDD was much larger than that of PCDF in all operating conditions. Since ZPCDF/∑PCDD〈〈1, the dominant role of the precursor formation was proven in our experimental conductions. With increasing the coal addition to MSW （from 0 to 16%）, PCDD and PCDF were reduced considerably. Coal and MSW may suppress the PCDD/F emissions efficiently （over 95%） during the MSW incineration process. The PCDD/F suppression results of the present study could be helpful guidance to the industrial application of Chinese MSW and auxiliary coal co-incineration processes. The PCDD/F stack emission data of two industrial incinerators using co-incineration technology in China seem to have a great positive reduction of PCDDs/Fs.

关键词： co-incineration PCDDs/Fs suppression S/Cl molar ratio

Removal of PCDDs/Fs from municipal solid waste incineration by entrained-flow adsorption technology

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第11期7卷 1896-1903页

作者： yan jian-hua PENG Zheng LU Sheng-yong LI Xiao-dong CEN Ke-fa State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Entrained flow adsorption using activated carbon as the adsorbent is widely adopted for PCDDs/Fs-abatement in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process. The effects of operating parameters including flue gas temperature, feeding rate of activated carbon, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) concentration at the inlet of the air pollution control device (APCD), filter materials, pressure drop on PCDDs/Fs removal efficiency are reviewed and commented upon in this paper. Evaluation on the various mechanistic models for entrained flow adsorption is carried out based on the computational simulation in terms of the actual operating condition and theoretical analysis. Finally, an advancement of en- trained flow adsorption in combination of dual bag filter is introduced.

关键词： PCDDs/Fs Entrained flow adsorption Operating parameters Mechanistic model Dual bag filters

Effects of inorganic chlorine source on dioxin formation using fly ash from a fluidized bed incinerator

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期19卷 756-761页

作者： LU Sheng-yong yan jian-hua LI Xiao-dong Ni Ming-jiang CEN Ke-fa DAI Hui-fen State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

Chlorine source is indispensable for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan （PCDD/F） formation during municipal solid waste （MSW） incineration. Inorganic chlorine compounds were employed in this study to investigate their effects on PCDD/F formation through heterogeneous synthesis on fly ash surfaces. A fly ash sample obtained from a fluidized bed incinerator was sieved to different size fractions which served as the PCDD/F formation sources. The capability of different metal chlorides which facilitate the formation of PCDDs/Fs was found to follow the trends： Na 〈 Mg 〈 K 〈 AI 〈 Ca, when two particle fractions of 〉177 μm and 104-125 μm were used in the experiments. However, the capability of NaCI, MgCl2 and KCI did not seem much different from each other, whereas CaCl2 and AlCl3 were much more active in PCDD/F formation. NaCl and MgCl2 were relatively effective to produce more PCDDs, while KC1, AICl3 and CaCl2 generated more PCDFs during heterogeneous reactions occurring on fly ash. 2,3,7,8-TCDF was the most significant contributor to the toxicity of the PCDDs/Fs formed from inorganic chlorine sources. Decreasing the sizes of fly ash particles led to more active formation of PCDDs/Fs when NaCl was used as inorganic chlorine in the experiment. The highest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size 〈37 μm, while the lowest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size 〉177μm. The toxicity generally increased with decreasing size of the fly ash particles. The formation of PCDDs was mainly facilitated by the two size fractions, 104-125 μm and 〈37μm, while the formation of PCDFs was favored by the two other size fractions, 〉177 μm and 53-104 μm.

关键词： fly ash inorganic chlorine source PCDDs/Fs heterogeneous synthesis

Study on pyrolysis and gasification of wood in MSW

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 407-415页

作者： NI Ming-jiang XIAO Gang CHI Yong yan jian-hua MIAO Qi ZHU Wen-li CEN Ke-fa Institute for Thermal Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

In order to develop municipal solid waste（MSW） pyrolysis/gasification and melting technology with low emission and high efficiency, it was planed that all the main components in MSW and some typical kinds of MSW were pyrolyzed/gasified to propose an expert system for raw MSW. In this paper, wood, which was a prevalent component in MSW, was pyrolyzed and gasified in fluidized-bed reactors at different apparent excess air ratios （EARs）, temperatures and fluidizing velocities. For pyrolysis, with tem- perature increasing from 400℃ to 700℃, the yield of pyrolysis char decreased while that of pyrolysis gas increased （in this paper respectively from 28% to 20% and from 10% to 35%）, and when temperature was 500℃, the yield of pyrolysis tar reached the highest, up to 38% in this paper. It was the optimum for gasification when temperature was 600℃ and apparent EAR was 0.4. Under the experimental conditions of this paper, gasification efficiency achieved 73%, lower heat value（LHV） reached 5800 kJ/（Nm^3） and yield of syngas was 2.01 Nm^3/kg. Lower fluidizing velocity was useful to upgrade gasification efficiency and LHV of syngas for wood gasification. Based on the results, the reactive courses and mechanism were analyzed respectively for wood pyrolysis and gasification.

关键词： wood pyrolysis gasification municipal solid waste(MSW)

Experimental and modeling study of de novo formation of PCDD/PCDF on MSW fly ash

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第1期19卷 117-122页

作者： LI Xiao-dong ZHANG Ji yan jian-hua CEN Ke-fa Ryan Shawn P GULLETT Brian K LEE Chunwai State key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310027 China U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory E305-01 Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27711 USA

The effect of sulfur dioxide （SO2） on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） has been studied in an entrained-flow reactor （EFR） under simulated waste combustion conditions. A chlorination model based on conditional probability was employed to evaluate the homologue patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs. Results revealed that the presence of SO2 did not alter the formation pathway although SO2 suppressed PCDD/F formation. The prediction model of PCDF showed good agreement with the experimental data （R--0.95）, whereas the prediction for PCDDs did not correlate well with the experimental data. This may be explained because potential chlorination pathways play a significant role in PCDF formation, whereas PCDDs are mainly formed through condensation reactions. Furthermore, the result indicated that the steric hindrance during formation has more effects on PCDD than on PCDF due to the symmetric molecular structures of PCDDs.

关键词： PCDDs PCDFs de novo synthesis formation chlorination model sulfur dioxide air pollution waste combustion

Destruction of PCDD/Fs by gliding arc discharges

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第11期19卷 1404-1408页

作者： yan jian-hua PENG Zheng LU Sheng-yong DU Chang-ming LI Xiao-dong CHEN Tong NI Ming-jiang CEN Ke-fa State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

PCDD/Fs have been become a serious issue because of their toxicological effects and associated adverse health implications. In this study, the gliding arc plasma was tested for treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs）, which was synthesized from pentachlorophenol in atmospheric condition at 350℃ with or without the catalysis of CuCl2. From the experiment, we found that the destruction efficiency of PCDD/F homologues after gliding was discharge ranged from 25% to 79%. This result demonstrates that gliding arc plasma is an effective technology to decompose PCDDs/Fs in flue gas. A plausible degradation mechanism for PCDD/Fs by gliding arc was discussed. Finally, a multistage reactor structure of gliding arc was proposed to upgrade removal efficiency for PCDD/Fs.

关键词： PCDD/Fs destruction gliding arc discharges, multistage reactor

利用流化床实验台研究生活垃圾焚烧重金属分布规律

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中国电机工程学报 2005年第17期25卷 100-104页

作者：李建新严建华池涌浙江大学能源清洁利用与环境工程重点实验室浙江省宁波市315100 浙江省杭州市310027 浙江大学宁波理工学院浙江大学能源清洁利用与环境工程重点实验室

对城市生活垃圾中典型的组分进行了重金属含量分析,并模拟城市生活垃圾的主要构成,在小型流化床试验台上研究了焚烧温度、垃圾含氯量、水分变化在焚烧过程中对重金属迁移特性的影响,结果表明,焚烧温度提高使重金属的蒸发量增加;且垃圾... 详细信息

对城市生活垃圾中典型的组分进行了重金属含量分析,并模拟城市生活垃圾的主要构成,在小型流化床试验台上研究了焚烧温度、垃圾含氯量、水分变化在焚烧过程中对重金属迁移特性的影响,结果表明,焚烧温度提高使重金属的蒸发量增加;且垃圾组分中氯含量增加同样也会使重金属蒸发量增加,尤其是对于沸点较低的重金属,如Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn等;而垃圾中水分的变化对重金属蒸发特性影响较小。

关键词：热能动力工程重金属垃圾焚烧迁移