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苍术生物学特性与繁育技术研究进展

中国中药杂志 2024年第12期49卷 3144-3151页

作者：张成才覃明王红阳郭秀芝闫滨滨张燕周利李阔王升郭兰萍中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室北京100700 德兴市中医研究院试验培训基地江西德兴334220 农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室北京100700

苍术是菊科苍术属多年生草本植物,是被大众熟知的中药之一。许多研究表明,倍半萜类和多烯炔类化合物是苍术的主要活性物质,尤其是根茎中的苍术素、苍术酮、β-桉叶醇和茅术醇,具有抗病毒、抗炎、降血糖、抗缺氧、保肝和利尿等药理活性... 详细信息

苍术是菊科苍术属多年生草本植物,是被大众熟知的中药之一。许多研究表明,倍半萜类和多烯炔类化合物是苍术的主要活性物质,尤其是根茎中的苍术素、苍术酮、β-桉叶醇和茅术醇,具有抗病毒、抗炎、降血糖、抗缺氧、保肝和利尿等药理活性。随着近年来生物技术的进步,在生物学特性和繁殖培育技术方面的研究取得了较大进展。因此,该文从生物学特性的角度,对苍术形态学特性、细胞遗传学、生态种植、有效成分及组织培养技术方面的研究进行了综述,以期为充分合理地开发苍术资源提供理论依据。

关键词：苍术形态学特征生物学特性有效成分组织培养

微生物菌肥调控药用植物品质形成的作用机制及应用与展望

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中国中药杂志 2024年第4期49卷 912-923页

作者：赖锟阳肖建才王红阳邱金镇万修福闫滨滨康传志孙楷张燕郭兰萍中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室北京100700 农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室北京100700 广东药科大学中药学院广东广州510006 德兴市中医研究院试验培训基地江西德兴334220

随着推进化肥农药“双减”、推动中药农业生态化等号召的提出,微生物菌肥成为了应对化肥农药零增长、促进药用植物高产优质、维持土壤健康、推动中药材种植业可持续发展的主力军。土壤状况和土壤微环境对药用植物的生长发育和品质形成... 详细信息

随着推进化肥农药“双减”、推动中药农业生态化等号召的提出,微生物菌肥成为了应对化肥农药零增长、促进药用植物高产优质、维持土壤健康、推动中药材种植业可持续发展的主力军。土壤状况和土壤微环境对药用植物的生长发育和品质形成至关重要,微生物菌肥作为一种环境友好型肥料作用于土壤,能通过补充土壤有机质和促进有益微生物代谢活动有效提高土壤质量,促进药用植物高产优质。对此,了解微生物菌肥介导的药用植物品质形成机制对中药生态农业的发展至关重要。该研究围绕微生物菌肥改善土壤性质、参与土壤养分循环、提高药用植物抗性、促进药效成分积累等主要过程梳理了菌肥在调控药用植物品质形成中的作用机制,介绍了菌肥在药用植物中的应用并对其发展作出了展望,以期为利用微生物菌肥提高中药材品质、改善土壤生态环境、推动中药生态农业可持续发展和推广菌肥的应用提供科学依据。

关键词：微生物菌肥药用植物品质形成作用机制土壤次生代谢产物

有机肥配施化肥对柔毛淫羊藿产量和品质的影响

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中国中药杂志 2024年第11期49卷 2871-2881页

作者：赖锟阳肖建才万修福范蕊闫滨滨康传志孙楷吕朝耕柯潇何刚张燕郭兰萍广东药科大学中药学院广东广州510006 中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室北京100700 农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室北京100700 德兴市中医研究院试验培训基地江西德兴334220 四川康弘中药材种植有限公司四川成都610037

探究不同比例有机肥和化肥配施对柔毛淫羊藿产量和品质的影响,为柔毛淫羊藿的高产优质栽培提供科学的施肥依据。该试验采用田间小区试验,以CK(不施肥)为对照,设置5个不同比例有机肥和化肥配施处理组,OF0(100%化肥)、OF25(25%有机肥配施)... 详细信息

探究不同比例有机肥和化肥配施对柔毛淫羊藿产量和品质的影响,为柔毛淫羊藿的高产优质栽培提供科学的施肥依据。该试验采用田间小区试验,以CK(不施肥)为对照,设置5个不同比例有机肥和化肥配施处理组,OF0(100%化肥)、OF25(25%有机肥配施)、OF50(50%有机肥配施)、OF75(75%有机肥配施)和OF100(100%有机肥),测定不同施肥模式对柔毛淫羊藿农艺性状、产量、有效成分含量、养分积累量及土壤理化的影响,并采用CRITIC权重法对药材产量及品质进行综合评价。结果发现各施肥处理药材产量均较CK显著增加,尽管各有机肥配施化肥处理产量略低于OF0处理,但无显著差异,表明有机肥配施化肥可以保证药材产量。随着有机肥配比的提高,药效成分朝藿定A、朝藿定B和朝藿定C呈先增后降趋势,以OF25处理含量最高,淫羊藿苷则呈不断上升趋势,以OF100处理最佳,但总体来说,总黄酮醇苷ABCI以OF25处理积累最多。CRITIC法结果显示药材情况综合得分前三的施肥处理为OF25、OF50、OF75。有机肥配施化肥有利于提高土壤的持肥能力和供肥能力,土壤指标以OF100处理最优,土壤酶活以OF75处理活性最高,同时有机肥配施化肥有助于植株对养分的吸收积累,以OF25处理促进最明显。综合不同比例有机肥配施化肥对柔毛淫羊藿产量、有效成分含量及养分积累量等指标,建议在柔毛淫羊藿生产中第一年采用25%比例(7 500 kg·hm^(-2))的有机肥和化肥配施,以促进柔毛淫羊藿产业增产提质。

关键词：柔毛淫羊藿有机肥化肥有效成分土壤理化养分吸收 CRITIC权重法

掌叶覆盆子及其变种甜茶的质体基因组比较研究

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中国中药杂志 2024年第6期49卷 1506-1516页

作者：乔萍覃明孟婉姮汪奕衡闫滨滨张子华袁庆军孙嘉惠王升德兴市中医研究院试验培训基地江西德兴334213 中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室北京100700 甘肃省生态资源监测中心甘肃兰州730000

掌叶覆盆子Rubus chingii和甜茶*** ***是优质的“药食同源”特色植物,经济效益显著,发展前景广阔。为探讨掌叶覆盆子及其变种甜茶的遗传结构及进化特征差异,该研究利用Illumina HiSeq XTen测序平台对2物种质体全基因组进行测序、组装... 详细信息

掌叶覆盆子Rubus chingii和甜茶*** ***是优质的“药食同源”特色植物,经济效益显著,发展前景广阔。为探讨掌叶覆盆子及其变种甜茶的遗传结构及进化特征差异,该研究利用Illumina HiSeq XTen测序平台对2物种质体全基因组进行测序、组装、注释和特征分析,并采用生物信息学方法对其进行比较基因组分析和系统发育分析。结果表明,掌叶覆盆子和甜茶质体基因组呈现典型的环状四分体结构,由1个大单拷贝区(large single copy region,LSC)、1个小单拷贝区(small single copy region,LSC)和1对反向重复序列区(inverted repeat regions)组成。经比较分析,共鉴定出56个SSR位点,大部分由A和T组成。2个物种IR区边界基因结构保守,仅个别碱基差异。同时识别出3个高变区域:rps16⁃trnQ⁃psbK、trnR⁃at⁃pA和trnT⁃trnL,可作为潜在鉴定标记在未来进一步开发利用。基于最大似然法(maximum likelihood)与贝叶斯算法(Bayesian inference)所构建的系统发育分析结果显示,掌叶覆盆子和甜茶聚为一支,支持率达100%,两者最近缘物种为三花悬钩子***。该研究从质体基因组层面上明确了两者间的遗传差异,以上结果将为后续的物种保护与开发利用奠定基础。

关键词：掌叶覆盆子甜茶质体基因组高变片段系统发育

An Electrochemical Perspective of Aqueous Zinc Metal Anode

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 274-312页

作者： Huibo yan Songmei Li Jinyan Zhong bin Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191People’s Republic of China

Based on the attributes of nonflammability,environmental benignity,and cost-effectiveness of aqueous electrolytes,as well as the favorable compatibility of zinc metal with them,aqueous zinc ions batteries(AZIBs)become the leading energy storage candidate to meet the requirements of safety and low ***,aqueous electrolytes,acting as a double-edged sword,also play a negative role by directly or indirectly causing various parasitic reactions at the zinc anode *** reactions include hydrogen evolution reaction,passivation,and dendrites,resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency and short lifespan of AZIBs.A comprehensive review of aqueous electrolytes chemistry,zinc chemistry,mechanism and chemistry of parasitic reactions,and their relationship is ***,the understanding of strategies for suppressing parasitic reactions from an electrochemical perspective is not profound *** this review,firstly,the chemistry of electrolytes,zinc anodes,and parasitic reactions and their relationship in AZIBs are deeply ***,the strategies for suppressing parasitic reactions from the perspective of enhancing the inherent thermodynamic stability of electrolytes and anodes,and lowering the dynamics of parasitic reactions at Zn/electrolyte interfaces are ***,the perspectives on the future development direction of aqueous electrolytes,zinc anodes,and Zn/electrolyte interfaces are presented.

关键词： Aqueous zinc ions batteries Parasitic reactions Aqueous electrolyte Zinc anode

Spin asymmetry and dipole moments inτ-pair production with ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 15-21页

作者： Dingyu Shao bin yan Shu-Run Yuan Cheng Zhang Department of Physics Center for Field Theory and Particle PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The anomalous magnetic(MDM)and electric(EDM)dipole moments of theτlepton serve as crucial indicators of new physics beyond the standard *** azimuthal angular asymmetry as a novel tool in ultraperipheral collisions(UPCs),we attain unparalleled precision in the study of these key *** by the highly linear polarization of coherent photons,this method uniquely enables both the MDM and EDM to contribute to the cos 2φangular distribution in similar ***,our approach substantially narrows the parameter space,excluding more than half of it compared to expected UPC-based measurements reliant solely on the total *** method not only provides improved constraints but also minimizes the need for additional theoretical assumptions,and offers a novel avenue to probe the EDM effects.

关键词： ultraperipheral collisions magnetic and electric dipole moments spin asymmetry

Implications of the Stellar Mass Density of High-z Massive Galaxies from JWST on Warm Dark Matter

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 128-134页

作者： Hengjie Lin yan Gong bin Yue Xuelei Chen National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Science Center for China Space Station Telescope National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Physics College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Center for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

A significant excess of the stellar mass density at high redshift has been discovered from the early data release of James Webb Space Telescope(JWST),and it may require a high star formation ***,this will lead to large number density of ionizing photons in the epoch of reionization(EoR),so that the reionization history will be changed,which can arise tension with the current EoR *** dark matter(WDM),via the free streaming effect,can suppress the formation of small-scale structure as well as low-mass *** provides an effective way to decrease the ionizing photons when considering a large star formation efficiency in high-z massive galaxies without altering the cosmic reionization *** the other hand,the constraints on the properties of WDM can be derived from the JWST *** this work,we study WDM as a possible solution to reconcile the JWST stellar mass density of high-z massive galaxies and reionization *** find that,the JWST high-z comoving cumulative stellar mass density alone has no significant preference for either CDM or WDM *** using the observational data of other stellar mass density measurements and reionization history,we obtain that the WDM particle mass with mw=0.51_(-0.12)^(+0.22) keV and star formation efficiency parameter f_(*)^(0)> 0.39 in 2σ confidence level can match both the JWST high-z comoving cumulative stellar mass density and the reionization history.

关键词： Cosmology (cosmology:)dark matter (cosmology:)large-scale structure of universe

Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)fiber on twin intersections-induced dynamic recrystallization in fine-grained TiAl matrix composite

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 1-14页

作者： Yaofeng Luo yan Wang Li Wang bin Liu Yong Liu State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Dynamic recrystallization(DRX)is of great significance for the thermomechanical processing and microstructural regulation of TiAl ***,the underlying DRX mechanism remains poorly *** this study,an Avrami kinetics model for DRX was established,which was capable of predicting the DRX fraction *** addition,the effect of Al_(2)O_(3)short fiber on the DRX mechanisms of TiAl matrix composite during the isothermal compression was investigated for the first *** re-sults showed that other than inhibiting DRX by particles in the TiAl matrix composites,the addition of Al_(2)O_(3)short fiber accelerated a novel DRX process,which was induced by twinning and twin intersec-tions(TDRX).Thus,this composite exhibited a higher DRX rate than that of the as-cast TiAl monolithic *** origin of the twin intersection and TDRX for the composite was *** stress concentration near the Al_(2)O_(3)fiber was above the critical shear stress for twinning and thus was favorable for the formation of twinning and twin *** high stored strain energy at the regions of twins and twin intersections provided the driving force for *** accelerated the grain refinement in the TiAl matrix near the Al_(2)O_(3)*** present findings would provide a new perspective on DRX mechanisms,and provide the scientific guidance for optimizing the microstructures of TiAl matrix composites.

关键词： TiAl matrix composite Al_(2)O_(3)fiber Twin intersection Dynamic recrystallization

Transfer relation between subgrade frost heave and slab track deformation and vehicle dynamic response in seasonally frozen ground

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第2期25卷 130-146页

作者： Juanjuan REN Junhong DU Kaiyao ZHANG bin yan Jincheng TIAN MOE Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410075China Airport Planning and Design Institute POWERCHINA Kunming Engineering Corporation LimitedKunming650051China

Subgrade frost heave in seasonally frozen ground can greatly influence the safety and smooth running of high-speed trains and the service performance of track *** this study,we used a static model to:(1)investigate track-subgrade frost heave and develop a dynamic model of vehicle-track-subgrade frost heave;(2)explore the transfer relation between subgrade frost heave and track structure deformation;(3)examine the characteristics of interlayer debonding;(4)study the influence of subgrade frost heave on the dynamic response of vehicles in high-speed railways in seasonally frozen regions.A Fourier series was used to fit the frost heave waveform and simulate the behavior of subgrade uneven frost heave using data collected *** results show:(i)The position of frost heave significantly affects the transfer of deformation to a slab *** largest deformation of the track slab,with the amplitude transfer ratio reaching 20%,was recorded when the frost heave occurred near the joint of the base plate.(ii)At the same frost heave amplitude,long-wave frost heave causes smaller deformation and debonding of the track structure than short-wave frost *** the wavelength range of 10-30 m,the main frequency of the acceleration spectral density was concentrated between 3.5 and 3.7 Hz,with larger frost heave wavelengths producing smaller superposition on the vertical acceleration of the vehicle.(ii)The maximum wheel-rail force occurs when the front bogie passes the frost heave peak,with greater frost heave amplitudes producing greater wheel-rail *** these results,we conclude there is a clear need to control the frost heave deformation of the track to reduce the dynamic response of the vehicle and in turn improve train operatSubgrade frost heave in seasonally frozen ground can greatly influence the safety and smooth running of high-speed trains and the service performance of track *** this study,we used a static model to:(1)investigate track`-subgr

关键词： Slab track Subgrade frost heave Transfer relation Vehicle-track-subgrade coupling Dynamic response