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Aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders:progress of experimental models based on disease pathogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 354-365页

作者： li xu Huiming xu Changyong Tang Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders that lead to permanent visual loss and motor *** date,no effective treatment exists as the exact causative mechanism remains ***,experimental models of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are essential for exploring its pathogenesis and in screening for therapeutic *** most patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are seropositive for IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4,which is highly expressed on the membrane of astrocyte endfeet,most current experimental models are based on aquaporin-4-IgG that initially targets *** experimental models have successfully simulated many pathological features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,such as aquaporin-4 loss,astrocytopathy,granulocyte and macrophage infiltration,complement activation,demyelination,and neuronal loss;however,they do not fully capture the pathological process of human neuromyelitis optica spectrum *** this review,we summarize the currently known pathogenic mechanisms and the development of associated experimental models in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,suggest potential pathogenic mechanisms for further investigation,and provide guidance on experimental model *** addition,this review summarizes the latest information on pathologies and therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders based on experimental models of aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,offering further therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for clinical trials.

关键词： aquaporin-4 experimental model neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder pathogenesis

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Gradient Structured Copper by Rotationally Accelerated Shot Peening

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第7期33卷 758-761页

作者： x.Wang y.S.li Q.Z.ang y.H.Zhao y.T.Zhu Nano Structural Materials Center School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

A new technology-rotationally accelerated shot peening（RASP）, was developed to prepare gradient structured materials. By using centrifugal acceleration principle and large steel balls, the RASP technology can produce much higher impact energy compared to conventional shot peening. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the RASP was utilized to refine the surface layer in pure copper（Cu） with an average grain size of 85 nm. The grain size increases largely from surface downwards the bulk, forming an800 ？m thick gradient-structured surface layer and consequently a micro-hardness gradient. The difference between the RASP technology and other established techniques in preparing gradient structured materials is discussed. The RASP technology exhibits a promoting future for large-scale manufacturing of gradient materials.

关键词： Microstructure Rotationally accelerated shot peening Gradient structure Hardness Copper

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Optimization Strategies of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) Cathode Materials for Sodium‑Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 204-251页

作者： Jiawen Hu xinwei li Qianqian liang li xu Changsheng Ding yu liu yanfeng Gao School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444People’s Republic of China Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050People’s Republic of China

Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural ***,the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density,which strictly confine its further application in ***,it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode *** to now,many methods have been developed to optimize the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode *** this review,the latest advances in optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material are well summarized and discussed,including carbon coating or modification,foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology *** foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted,involving Na,V,and PO_(4)^(3−)sites,which include single-site doping,multiple-site doping,single-ion doping,multiple-ion doping and so ***,the challenges and prospects of high-performance NVP cathode material are also put *** is believed that this review can provide a useful reference for designing and developing high-performance NVP cathode material toward the large-scale application in SIBs.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) Cathode materials Electrochemical performance Optimization strategies

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Ultra‑High Sensitivity Anisotropic Piezoelectric Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring and Robotic Perception

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 432-446页

作者： Hao yin yanting li Zhiying Tian Qichao li Chenhui Jiang Enfu liang yiping Guo State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute Beijing 100015People’s Republic of China Fundamental Science On Vibration Shock and Noise LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and VibrationSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals,both in magnitude and direction,is imperative in many application scenarios,e.g.,structural health monitoring and robotic sensing ***,the piezoelectric sensor struggles to satisfy the requirements for directional recognition due to the limited piezoelectric coefficient matrix,and achieving sensitivity for detecting micrometer-scale deformations is also ***,we develop a vector sensor composed of lead zirconate titanate-electronic grade glass fiber composite filaments with oriented arrangement,capable of detecting minute anisotropic *** as-prepared vector sensor can identify the deformation directions even when subjected to an unprecedented nominal strain of 0.06%,thereby enabling its utility in accurately discerning the 5μm-height wrinkles in thin films and in monitoring human pulse *** ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the formation of porous ferroelectret and the efficient load transfer efficiency of continuous lead zirconate titanate ***,when integrated with machine learning techniques,the sensor’s capability to recognize multi-signals enables it to differentiate between 10 types of fine textures with 100%*** structural design in piezoelectric devices enables a more comprehensive perception of mechanical stimuli,offering a novel perspective for enhancing recognition accuracy.

关键词： Flexible piezoelectric filaments Anisotropic Ultra-high sensitivity Structural health detection Texture recognition

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Potential role and therapeutic implications of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 613-631页

作者： yanxin Shen Guimei Zhang Chunxiao Wei Panpan Zhao yongchun Wang Mingxi li li Sun Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Cognitive Impairment Center Department of NeurologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinica

关键词： apoptosis ferroptosis inflammation lipid peroxidation natural plant products neurodegenerative disorder neuroprotection oxidative stress small-molecule drugs

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INVESTIGATION ON HOT DUCTIliTy AND STRENGTH OF CONTINUOUS CASTING SLAB FOR AH32 STEEL

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第1期19卷 75-78页

作者： G. y. li x.F. li L.G. Ao Technology Center Anshan Iron and Steel Group CorporationAnshan 114009 China

By means of Gleeble-1500 testing machine, the simulation of continuous casting process forAH32 steel was carried out and hot ductility and strength were determined. The cracking sensitivity was studied under the different temperatures and strain rates. The Precipitations of AIN at different temperatures and the fractures of high-temperature tensile samples were observed by using TEM （transmission electron microscope） and SEM （scanning electron microscope）. The factors affecting the brittle temperature zone were discussed.

关键词： continuous casting slab brittle temperature zone tensile strength,ductility simulation

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CORROSION INHIBITION OF x70 STEEL IN SAliNE SOLUTION SATURATED WITH CO_2 By THIOUREA

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2008年第1期21卷 65-71页

作者： x. y. He H. y. Deng R. li x.D. Fei H.y.Wang Z. y. Deng College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 China

Corrosion monitoring techniques were performed on x7O steel in saline solution saturated with CO2 with and without thiourea additives within the concentration range 5-25 mg/L. It was found that when the concentration of the inhibitors were increased, the inhibitor efficiencies（IE） of thiourea varied with solution temperature and immersion time. The results indicated that thiourea had the highest inhibition efficiency. The potentiondynamic polarization studies revealed that thiourea are mixed-type inhibitor that mainly restrains the anodic process.

关键词： Corrosion Inhibition Thiourea xTO steel

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EFFECT OF Cu-Ni CONTENT ON THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF(Cu-Ni)/(10NiO-90NiFe_2O_4)CERMET INERT ANODE FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLySIS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2008年第1期21卷 72-78页

作者： Z.L. Tian y.Q. Lai J. li y.x. liu School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China

（Cu-Ni）/（10NiO-90NiFe204） cermet inert anodes containing metal Cu-Ni0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt pct were prepared and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts was investigated. The results indicate that the content of metal Cu-Ni has little effect on the steady-state concentration of Ni in the electrolyte and the values could not be used to effectively differentiate their corrosion resistance. The steady-state concentration of Fe decreases from 304×10^-6 to 168×10^-6 and that of Cu increases from 21×10^-6 to 71×10^-6 with the content of metal Cu-Ni increasing from 0 to 20 wt pct. Post-examination shows that metallic phase Cu-Ni is corroded preferentially during electrolysis and many pores are left at the anode surface. Considering the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, the cermet containing metal Cu-Ni 5 wt pct should be selected and studied further.

关键词： Aluminum electrolysis Inert anode NiFe2O4 based cermet Corrosion resistance

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A　k－ε－PDF　Two－Phase　Turbulence　Model　for　Simulating　Sudden－Expansion　Particle－Laden　Flows

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Journal of Thermal Science 1996年第1期5卷 34-38页

作者： y.li L.x.Zhou DepartmentofEngineeringMechanics TsinghuaUniversityBeijingChina DepartmentofEngineeringMechanics Ts

A k - ε-PDF model based on statistical theory for turbulent gas-particle flows is proposed,and a numerical procedure combining the finite difference and finite fluctuating-velocity -group methods is *** obtained statistically averaged equations have the same form as those obtained by using the Reynolds *** the k -ε-PDF model (PDF particle turbulence model combined with the k - ε gas turbulence model),many terms,such as the diffusion term in particle Reynolds Stress equations,can be accurately calculated for verifying the second-moment-closure *** k - ε- PDF model is used to simulate sudden-expansion particle-laded *** of the predictions using both k -ε-PDF and the k - ε- kp models with experimental results shows that the k - ε-PDF model give more reasonable non-isotropic features of particle turbulence.

关键词： turbulent gas-particle flows statistical theory turbulence models nonisotropic turbulence.

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Ultrasound features of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in the first trimester:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第5期13卷 30-35页

作者： xiao-li Chen li-Qiang Zhang li-li Bai Department of Ultrasound Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection represents a significant public health concern as the most prevalent viral infection in newborns,potentially leading to severe neurological and developmental *** majority of cases are asymptomatic and remain undetected during pregnancy due to the absence of effective screening *** SUMMARy A 27-year-old primigravida presented for early pregnancy ultrasound,which revealed an atypical finding:A normal anechoic thalamus appearing hyperechoic on the mid-sagittal view of the fetal *** ultrasound examinations during mid and late gestation demonstrated classic intracranial features sug-gestive of congenital CMV *** karyotyping and microarray analysis of the fetus yielded no significant *** compre-hensive prenatal counseling regarding potential adverse fetal outcomes,the patient elected to continue her *** ultimately underwent cesarean delivery at 42 weeks gestation at another facility,resulting in the birth of a female *** five months of age,the infant presented with epilepsy and significant growth and developmental *** Congenital CMV infection occurs during the first trimester may manifest as hyperechoic thalamus which can be revealed by ultrasound in the mid-saggital view of the fetal *** research should investigate the correlation between echogenic thalamus and developmental outcomes,as well as explore early sc-reening techniques for suspected congenital CMV infection cases.

关键词： Prenatal diagnosis Congenital infection Cytomegalovirus Fetal ultrasound Case report

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