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Control of fine particulate nitrate during severe winter haze in“2+26”cities

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 261-269页

作者： Chuang Qin Xiao fu Tao wang Jian Gao Jiaqi wang Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 99907China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 10084China

The“2+26”cities,suffering the most severe winter haze pollution,have been the key region for air quality improvement in *** prominent nitrate pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in this region,necessitating development of an effective control ***,we use observations,and state-of-the-art model simulations with scenario analysis and process analysis to quantify the effectiveness of the future SO_(2)-NO_(X)-VOC-NH_(3) emission control on nitrate pollution mitigation in“2+26”*** on a serious winter haze episode,we find that limited NO_(X)emission reduction alone in the short-term period is a less effective choice than VOC or NH_3emission reduction alone to decrease nitrate concentrations,due to the accelerated NO_(X)-HNO_(3)conversion by atmospheric oxidants and the enhanced HNO_(3)to NO_(3)^(-)partition by ammonia,although deep NO_(X)emission reduction is essential in the long-term *** synergistic NH_(3) and VOC emission control is strongly recommended,which can counteract the adverse effects of nonlinear photochemistry and aerosol chemical feedback to decrease nitrate *** extra benefits will be reduced if the synergistic NH_(3) and VOC reduction is delayed,and thus reducing emission of multiple precursors is urgently required for the effective control of increasingly severe winter nitrate pollution in“2+26”cities.

关键词： Nitrate winter haze pollution Emission reduction “2+26”cities

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Projected changes in extreme snowfall events over the Tibetan Plateau based on a set of RCM simulations

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第5期17卷 3-9页

作者： yuanhai fu Xuejie Gao Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Extreme snowfall events over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)cause considerable damage to local society and natural *** this study,the authors investigate the projected changes in such events over the TP and its surrounding areas based on an ensemble of a set of 21st century climate change projections using a regional climate model,*** model is driven by five CMIP5 global climate models at a grid spacing of 25 km,under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 *** modified ETCCDI extreme indices-namely,SNOwTOT,S1mm,S10mm,and Sx5day-are employed to characterize the extreme snowfall ***4 generally reproduces the spatial distribution of the indices over the region,although with a tendency of *** the projected changes,a general decrease in SNOwTOT is found over most of the TP,with greater magnitude and better cross-simulation agreement over the eastern *** the simulations project an overall decrease in S1mm,ranging from a 25%decrease in the west and to a 50%decrease in the east of the *** S10mm and Sx5day are projected to decrease over the eastern part and increase over the central and western parts of the ***,S10mm shows a marked increase(more than double)with high cross-simulation agreement over the central *** increases in all four indices are found over the Tarim and Qaidam basins,and northwestern China north of the *** projected changes show topographic dependence over the TP in the latitudinal direction,and tend to decrease/increase in low-/high-altitude areas.

关键词： Extreme snowfall Regional climate model Tibetan plateau Climate change

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Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over MIL-100(Fe)/GO composites: a performance and kinetic study

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 208-222页

作者： yuxue wei Zhiyuan fu yingzi Meng Chun Li fu yin Xue wang Chenghua Zhang Lisheng Guo Song Sun School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei230601AnhuiChina Anhui Tanxin Technology Co. LtdHuaibei235141AnhuiChina

Adsorption coupled with photocatalytic degradation is proposed to fulfill the removal and thorough elimination of organic ***,we report a facile hydrothermal synthesis of MIL-100(Fe)/GO *** adsorption and photocatalytic degradation process of methylene blue(MB)on MIL‐100(Fe)/GO composites were systematically studied from performance and kinetic perspectives.A possible adsorption‐photocatalytic degradation mechanism is *** optimized 1M8G composite achieves 95%MB removal(60.8 mg/g)in 210 min and displays well recyclability over ten *** obtained MB adsorption and degradation results are well fitted onto Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second order kinetic *** study shed light on the design of MOFs based composites for water treatment.

关键词： Graphene oxide Metal organic frameworks Methylene blue Adsorption Photocatalytic degradation

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Investigation of Maxima Assumptions in Modelling Tropical Cyclone- Induced Hazards in the South China Sea

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 491-504页

作者： wEN Ze-guo wANG fu-ming wAN Jing yANG Fan School of Civil Engineering Sun Yat-sen University&Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Academy of Safety Science and Technology Guangzhou 510060China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Oceanic Civil Engineering Guangzhou 510275China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(yangjiang Offshore wind Energy Laboratory) Yangjiang 529500China

The present study aims to examine the suitability of two commonly used assumptions that simplify modelling metoceanconditions for designing offshore wind turbines in the South China Sea (SCS). The first assumption assumes thatjoint N-year extreme wind and wave events can be independently estimated and subsequently combined. The secondone assumes peak wind and waves can be modelled as occurring simultaneously during a tropical cyclone (TC) *** better understand the potential TC activity, a set of 10000 years synthetic TC events are generated. The wind fieldmodel and the Mike 21 spectral wave model are employed to model the TC-induced hazards. Subsequently, theeffect of the assumptions is evaluated by analyzing the peak structural response of both monopile and semisubmersibleoffshore wind turbines during TC events. The results demonstrate that the examined assumptions are generally *** assessing the implications of these assumptions, valuable insights are obtained, which can inform andimprove the modelling of TC-induced hazards in the SCS region.

关键词： tropical cyclone numerical wave modelling hazards offshore wind turbines structural response

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Elastic three-dimensional phononic topological insulators with Dirac hierarchy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 54-62页

作者： Shao-yong Huo Qiu-Shuang yang Jiu-Jiu Chen Hong-Kang Li Long-Chao yao fu-Chun He Chun-Ming fu College of Mechanical Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body College of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Three-dimensional(3D)phononic topological insulators(TIs)featuring two-dimensional(2D)surface states and one-dimensional(1D)hinge states have opened up a new route for multi-dimensional robust wave transport,providing unprecedented methods for integrated acoustic sensors and energy harvesting ***,aiming at the elastic 3D phononic TI with gapless surface states and hinge states,the realization of elastic 3D phononic TIs with gapless surface states and hinge states is a significant challenge due to the complicated multi-mode polarization of elastic waves in 3D *** this study,we demonstrate an elastic 3D phononic TI with a Dirac hierarchy by elaborately operating the corresponding spatial symmetries of the chiral honeycomb ***,a 3D double Dirac cone of elastic wave can be achieved by doubling the lattice along the outof-plane direction to fold two iso-frequency weyl *** topological phase transitions and 2D gapless two-fold Dirac surface states of elastic wave are realized by breaking the half-lattice spatial translation ***,based on the Brillouin zone folding along the in-plane direction,the 2D gapless two-fold surface Dirac cones are folded into four-fold surface Dirac ***,by inducing the relative radius of adjacent holes to break the in-plane spatial inversion symmetry,the fourfold surface Dirac cones are gapped and associated with a surface state inversion,in which the gapless 1D hinge Dirac dispersion is *** research offers a route for engineering the hierarchies of TIs in 3D elastic wave systems and provides new possibilities for designing 3D ultrasonic devices with unconventional functions.

关键词： Dirac topological hierarchy

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Inactivation of TGF-βsignaling in CAR-T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 309-310页

作者： Zaopeng yang yang-Xin fu Changping Laboratory Beijing102206China Department of Basic Medical Sciences School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Accumulating evidence suggests that the transforming growth factor(TGF)-βpathway might be an ideal target for optimizing chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T-cell therapy for solid *** Cellular&Molecular Immunology,Liang et al.(2024)reported that CAR-T cells expressing SMAD7 displayed favorable antitumor efficacy and a reduced risk of systemic toxicity.

关键词： CAR Immunology

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Pilot-Free End-to-End Underwater Acoustic Communication System Based on Autoencoder

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2024年第3期9卷 233-243页

作者： yizhe wang Deqing wang Liqun fu School of Informatics and Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of Ministry of EducationXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

The long delay spreads and significant Doppler effects of underwater acoustic(UwA)channels make the design of the UwA communication system more *** this paper,we propose a learning-based end-to-end framework for UwA communications,leveraging a double feature extraction network(DFEN)for data *** DFEN consists of an attentionbased module and a mixer-based module for channel feature extraction and data feature extraction,*** the diverse nature of UwA channels,we propose a stack-network with a two-step training strategy to enhance *** avoiding the use of pilot information,the proposed network can learn data mapping that is robust to UwA *** results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the baselines by at least 2 dB under bit error rate(BER)10^(−2)on the simulation channel,and surpasses the compared neural network by at least 5 dB under BER 5×10^(−2)on the experiment channels.

关键词： underwater acoustic communications autoencoder time-varying channel

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Experimental study and correlation development for the two-phase frictional pressure drop of flow boiling in copper foam fin microchannels

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2758-2776页

作者： fu Kai XU XiangHua LIANG XinGang School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Flow boiling in microchannels with porous walls has received extensive attention in recent years. Compared with the emphasis on heat transfer, there is a lack of research on the effect of the porous wall structures on the pressure drop characteristics. In this study, systematic experiments are performed to measure the pressure drop of water-vapor two-phase flow in five microchannels with copper foam fins, which consist of nine or six channels and fins of copper foam. The porosities of the foam fins range from0.78 to 0.82 and ratios of fin width to channel width range from 0.5 to 2. The channels are approximately 0.5 or 1 mm in width and 1 mm in height. Both adiabatic and flow boiling experiments are conducted with water at mass fluxes ranging from 66 to 407 kg/(m^(2)s). In the adiabatic experiments, the average quality in channels is between 0.017 and 0.846. In the flow boiling experiments, the outlet quality of channels is between 0.040 and 0.863. Slug flow, churn flow, annular flow, and wispy-annular flow are observed in adiabatic experiments. A two-phase frictional pressure drop correlation based on the Lockhart-Martinelli model is developed for copper foam fin microchannels by introducing the effects of the mass flux, porosity, ratio of fin width to channel width, and heating condition step by step. The mean absolute percentage errors of the new correlation are 7.53% for 325data points under adiabatic conditions and 5.51% for 268 data points under flow boiling conditions, respectively. This work provides insight into the correlations of frictional pressure drop in microchannels with porous walls.

关键词： two-phase flow boiling pressure drop correlation microchannel copper foam porous wall

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Fault detection and diagnosis of electric bus air conditioning systems incorporating domain knowledge and probabilistic artificial intelligence

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 316-330页

作者： Fangzhou Guo Zhijie Chen fu Xiao Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCAUSA Research Institute for Smart Energy Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong

The air conditioning systems in electric city buses usually operate in rapidly changing ambient conditions and are more likely to suffer from mechanical faults. Although many fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods have been developed for building air conditioning systems, they are difficult to be applied to bus air conditioners since its operation is highly dynamic and fault-free data are usually unavailable. Therefore, this paper proposes an FDD method for electric bus air conditioners to tackle the above issues. First, the method identifies faults in an unsupervised manner by comparing selected features among a group of peer systems. Then, considering the features are influenced by the operating conditions, Gaussian process regression (GPR) models are established to find the relationships between each feature and its influential parameters. The probabilistic nature of the GPR is used to differentiate predictions with large uncertainty, which are then excluded from FDD. In this way, robustness of the method is evidently improved. Finally, fault indexes are defined to detect and diagnose mechanical faults. we applied the method to a group of air conditioners in a city bus fleet. Results showed that it can effectively identify refrigerant undercharge and indoor and outdoor fan problems with low false positive/genitive rates. Also, the method is highly robust and not sensitive to the faulty systems in the bus fleet.

关键词： Fault detection and diagnosis Predictive maintenance Air conditioner Electric vehicle Data-driven model Gaussian process

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Link between childhood obesity and gut microbiota

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第30期30卷 3560-3563页

作者： yan Pan fu-yong Jiao Department of Pediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze UniversityJingzho 434000Hubei ProvinceChina Shaanxi Kawasaki Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center Children's HospitalShaanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Xi'anJiaotong UniversityXi'an 710000Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Childhood obesity is a critical global health concern with rising prevalence and significant long-term health *** studies have implicated gut microbiota in the development and progression of *** editorial analyzes the research conducted by Li et al,who utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare the gut microbiome of overweight and healthy-weight *** study found significant differences in microbial diversity and composition between the two groups,with potential implications for understanding and managing childhood *** analyzed the study’s advantages and drawbacks,proposing potential areas for future research to better understand the connection between gut microbiota and obesity.

关键词： 16S rRNA Childhood obesity Gut microbiota future research Global health

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