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Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： yangyang JiA Marcel G.A.VAN DER HEiJDEN Alain y.VALZANO-HELD Markus JOCHER Florian WALDER Postdoctoral Mobile station of Ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research Group Plant-soil interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research Group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research Group soil Quality and soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned *** change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cycling under global change is still ***,we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine *** found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability *** in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community ***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in N cycling,highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching,while N_(2)O emissions played a marginal *** mycorrhizal fungi reduced N_(2)O emissions directly through the promotion of N_(2)O-consuming *** underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AMF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cycling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi

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shear wave velocity model using HVsR inversion beneath Bandar Lampung City

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Earthquake science 2024年第4期37卷 337-351页

作者： Ahmad Zaenudin Alhada Farduwin Gede i Boy Darmawan Karyanto Department of Geophysical Engineering University of LampungBandar Lampung 35145Indonesia Department of Geophysical Engineering Sumatera Institute of TechnologySouth Lampung 35365Indonesia

The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVsR)method has been used to characterize site-effect parameters that are indispensable in seismic hazard and risk-reduction studies in urban areas and rapid land-use *** method is widely used because it is the cheapest and simplest geophysical method for the acquisition and processing *** subsequent developments,the HVsR method has been widely used to determine elastic rock parameters,particularly shear wave velocity(v_(s)),through the HVsR curve inversion ***,the v_(s)structural model can be used to delineate the presence of complex geological structures,particularly faults and sedimentary *** Lampung is a city in Lampung Province with many fault structures and groundwater basins to the *** are 83 HVsR measurement points around Bandar Lampung for delineating the presence of fault structures and groundwater *** produced the HVsR curve from the measurement results and then performed an inversion process using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain v_(s)for the depth ***,from this profile,we produced a two-dimensional(2D)lateral and vertical *** mean v_(s)value was calculated from all the measurement points,and we found stiff soil layers reaching depths of approximately 5 m,with a value of v_(s)s.A bedrock layer with a velocity exceeding 1250 m/s was visible at a depth of 100 *** on the 2D model,the v_(s)structure shows that the city of Bandar Lampung is divided into two zones,with a NW-sE *** north-middle-eastern part of the city consists of harder *** harder rock is characterized by extremely high v_(s)values,starting from a depth of 50 *** contrast,the south-middle-west exhibits a low-moderate v_(s)anomaly associated with groundwater basins sW of the *** the 2D v_(s)structural model,fault structures can be found along the city,characterized by a contrast of v_(s)values from low to medium and from me

关键词： shear wave velocity HVsR fault structures groundwater basin Bandar Lampung City

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Enhancing high-temperature oxidation resistance(at 1000 °C) of nickel superalloy obtained by laser powder bed fusion via reactive electric spark treatment

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2024年

作者： s.K.MUKANOV M.i.PETRZHiK A.E.KUDRyAsHOV E.A.NAUMOVA F.A.BAsKOV P.A.LOGiNOV E.A.LEVAsHOV National University of science and Technology Misis

The high-temperature oxidation resistance of the nickel superalloy grown by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) has been significantly increased as a result of in-situ formation of a thermal barrier layer (α-Al2O3+ CaMoO4) during oxidative annealing of surface layers modified by electric spark treatment (EsT). The reactive EsT of the LPBF-built items based on nickel EP741NP alloy was carried out with low-melting Al-12%si， Al-6%Ca-0.6%si and Al-7%Ca-1%Mn electrodes. it was found that at EsT done by Al-7%Ca-1%Mn electrode an intermetallic (β-NiAl + γ’-Ni3Al) 15 microns thick layer reinforced by spherical oxide (CaMe)O nanoparticles was formed. Formation of that structure increases the wear resistance of LPBF nickel superalloy by 4.5 times. Further oxidative annealing at 1000 °C lead to a formation of continuous two-layered coating with an inner layer of α-Al2O3and an outer layer of CaMoO4， which together act as an effective barrier preventing the diffusion of oxygen into the volume of the superalloy.

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A study of the Comets with Large Perihelion Distances C/2019 L3(ATLAs)and C/2019 O3(Palomar)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第9期24卷 199-213页

作者： Alberto s.Betzler Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Energia e sustentabilidade Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da BahiaFeira de SantanaBahia44.085-132Brazil

This work analyzes the photometric data of the Oort spike comets C/2019 L3(ATLAs)and C/2019 O3(Palomar)obtained between 2016 and 2023 by the ATLAs network and the Belgian Olmen *** comets Palomar and ATLAs have a typical and unusually high activity level,respectively,based on the Afρparameter corrected to phase angle zero at *** absolute magnitude of comets ATLAs and Palomar in the o-band is 4.71±0.05 and 4.16±0.02 *** cometary activity of comets ATLAs and Palomar probably began at r>13 au before perihelion and will end at r>14 au after perihelion,which means that they could remain active until the second half of *** nucleus of comet ATLAs has a minimum radius of 7.9 km,and the nucleus of comet Palomar could be a little *** c-o colors of the comets ATLAs and Palomar are redder and bluer,respectively,at perihelion than the solar twin yBP *** comets showed a bluish trend in the coma color with decreasing heliocentric *** Palomar probably had two outbursts after its perihelion,each releasing about 10^(8)kg of *** slopes of the photometric profile of the comae of these comets were between 1and 1.5,indicating a steady state during the observation campaign.

关键词： individual C/2019 L3(ATLAs) C/2019 O3(Palomar) techniques:photometric methods:data analysis

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Making connections with cell surface auxin signaling

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 522-524页

作者： Angus s.Murphy University of Maryland College ParkMDUSA

The discovery and characterization of the nuclear AUX-indole-3-acetic acid(iAA)-TiR1/AFB auxin co-receptor complex in the model plant Arabidopsis at the outset of the 21st century was a hallmark event in biological *** decades of subsequent discovery demonstrated the central role of the nuclear auxin perception mechanism in virtually every stage of Viridiplantae *** auxin receptors were also shown to be essential for later stages of differential hypocotyl,coleoptile,and root tropisms,but the most rapid responses were found to persist in Arabidopsis mutants lacking important components of the receptor mechanism(Napier,2021;Peer and Murphy,2022).in particular,rapid cellular elongation observed in tropic growth or after experimental application of auxin is mediated by H+extrusion across the plasma membrane(PM).The resulting apoplastic acidification activates extensin proteins that loosen cell walls to allow for turgor-driven cellular *** initial events occur in a time frame that precludes nuclear signaling and now can be clearly attributed to a cell surface auxin co-receptor complex and downstream signaling intermediaries.

关键词： Arabidopsis surface walls

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Preliminary results of lithological and palynological study of svobodny,ancient man’s parking relic in Amur region,Russia

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Global Geology 2024年第3期27卷 121-131页

作者： Kovalenko s.V. Kezina T.V. Kryuchko E.i. Mironov M.A. Center for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Amur Region Blagoveshchensk 675000Russia Amur state University Blagoveshchensk 675027Russia

A single-layer monument svobodny,ancient man's parking lot-1,discovered in 2021 as part of archaeological work to study the zone of economic development of the Amur region was investigated lithologically and *** on the results of geomorphological analysis of the territory,the study of artifacts,palynological data,as well as analogy with previously identified and sufficiently studied relics in the region,the existence of the Osinoozersk late Neolithic culture in this territory is *** time of its expansion in the Amur region is determined within the framework of the second half of theⅣmillennium BC to the first half of theⅡmillennium *** preliminary results of palynological analysis suggest the existence of a temperate climate here,was close to the modern one,which does not contradict the reconstructed paleoclimate and environments of the region during the Holocene period.

关键词： Osinoozersk culture palynological spectra Zeya River paleoclimate

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Parametric investigation on the novel and cost-effective nano fly ash impregnated geopolymer system for sustainable construction

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Frontiers of structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 170-183页

作者： R.MOHANA s.M.Leela BHARATHi Department of Civil Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering CollegeSivakasi 626123India

The hazardous environmental effects of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change demand alternative sources for cementitious materials in the construction *** development of geopolymer structures provides a way of producing 100%cement-free *** this research work,a novel and simple way of deriving nano particles from waste fly ash particles is *** effect of adding the synthesized nano fly ash particles as a filler medium in geopolymer mortars was investigated by considering strength and durability *** optimization was done by using regression analysis on the geopolymer mortar and the impact of adding nano fly ash particles was studied by varying different percentages of addition ranging from 0 to 7.5%by weight of binder *** the results,it was observed that 1%nano fly ash acted not only as a filler but also as nano-sized precursors of the polymerization process,resulting in denser geopolymer *** can explain the extraordinary gain in strength of 72.11 MPa as well as the denser core with negligible level of chloride ion penetration,making the material suitable for the development of structures susceptible to marine environment.

关键词： geopolymer nano fly ash chloride ion penetration durability polymerization fillers

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Visible light-driven photo remediation of hazardous cationic dye via Ce-doped WO_(3) nanostructures

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 869-878,I0003页

作者： Azra Haroon Kaseed Anwar Arham s.Ahmed Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University202002AligarhIndia interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre Aligarh Muslim University202002AligarhIndia

Ce-doped WO_(3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized through advanced characterization *** high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and scanning electron microscopy(sEM)results show a reduction in the agglomeration of nanoparticles upon *** energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)analysis validates the existence of the Ce element in all the doped samples.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)and Raman spectra justify the presence of structural defects(oxygen vacancies)and successful formation of the monoclinic WO_(3) phase,*** Kubelka-Munk function indicates a decrease in band gap with doping,while photoluminescence(PL)spectra show intense visible and UV emissions,significantly,all doped samples exhibit higher photocatalytic performance than pure WO_(3) nanoparticles,with the 6 wt%Ce-doped sample displaying the highest degradation *** with Ce can help to increase the surface area of WO_(3),thereby improving its photoactivity,Moreover,a correlation between PL and photocatalysis is established in the light of oxygen vacancies suggesting a direct dependence of high photocatalytic activity on strong PL signals of WO_(3) *** experiments further reveal that the degradation process is primarily driven by active species,providing insight into a plausible photocatalytic mechanism.

关键词： WO_(3) Rare-earth element Environmental crisis Oxygen vacancies Luminescence Photocatalysis

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Expanded Porphyrin Exhibiting Off-Centered Out-of-Plane Coordination to Dysprosium

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CCs Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1731-1738页

作者： Dmitry i.Nazarov Jorge Labella Alexey V.Kuzmin Maxim A.Faraonov Evgenii N.ivanov salavat s.Khasanov Tomas Torres Mikhail K.islyaikin Dmitri V.Konarev Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAs 142432 Chernogolovka Department of Organic Chemistry Universidad Autonoma de Madrid28049 Madrid institute of solid-state Physics RAs 142432 Chernogolovka Research institute of Macroheterocycles Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology15300 Ivanovo G.A.Krestov institute of solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of sciences 153045 Ivanovo institute for Advanced Research in Chemical sciences Universidad Autonoma de Madrid28049 Madrid iMDEA-Nanociencia 28049 Madrid

The complexation of high-spin lanthanides to porphyrinoids is a powerful strategy for the development of advanced molecular *** this context,the use of expanded porphyrinoids remains elusive since their coordination chemistry is challenging to ***,taking inspiration from on-surface chemistry,we explored the coordination of Dy^(3+)to a six-membered porphyrinoid,namely,the hemihexaphyrazine ***,we observed the selective formation of a mono-nuclear off-centered,out-of-plane H_(2)Hhp-Dy^(3+)complex when performing the complexation under reductive *** this reaction,the oxidation state of the macrocycle did not *** X-ray diffraction analysis,we found that the coordination number of Dy in this complex was *** macrocycle cocrystallized with decamethylcobaltocene(Cp_(2)^(*)Co)molecules,giving rise to a wellordered solid-state packing,governed byπ-π*** a result of this organization,a small magnetic coupling between the neighboring molecules was *** in all,this work provides key insights into the coordination of magnetically active metals with expanded porphyrinoids,thus motivating the development of advanced spintronic devices.

关键词： porphyrins dysprosium macrocycle coordination chemistry magnetism

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improved state-space Modelling for Microgrids Without Virtual Resistances

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 584-596页

作者： Paranagamage s.A.Peiris shaahin Filizadeh Dharshana Muthumuni Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipegMBR3T 5V6Canada Manitoba HVDC Research Center 211 Commerce DriveWinnipegMBR3P 1A3Canada iEEE

Power converters and their interfacing networks are often treated as modular state-space blocks for small-signal stability studies in microgrids;they are interconnected by matching the input and output states of the network and *** resistors have been widely used in existing models to generate a voltage for state-space models of the network that require voltage *** paper accurately quantifies the adverse impacts of adding the virtual resistance and proposes an alternative method for network modelling that eliminates the requirement of the virtual resistor when interfacing converters with *** proposed nonlinear method allows initialization,time-domain simulations of the nonlinear model,and linearization and eigenvalue generation.A numerically linearized small-signal model is used to generate eigenvalues and is compared with the eigenvalues generated using the existing modelling method with virtual *** of the existing method and improvements offered by the proposed modelling method are clearly *** transient(EMT)simulations using detailed switching models are used for validation of the proposed modelling method.

关键词： Low-voltage converter state-space modelling dynamic phasor time-domain simulation eigenvalue analysis

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