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The importance of large-diameter trees to the creation of snag and deadwood biomass

Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 380-393页

作者： james A.Lutz Soren Struckman Sara j.Germain Tucker j.Furniss Department of wildland Resources S.J.and Jessie E.Quinney College of Natural ResourcesUtah State University5230 Old Main HillLoganUT 84322-5230USA

Background:Baseline levels of tree mortality can,over time,contribute to high snag densities and high levels of deadwood(down woody debris)if fire is infrequent and decomposition is *** can be important for tree recruitment,and it plays a major role in terrestrial carbon cycling,but deadwood is rarely examined in a spatially explicit ***:Between 2011 and 2019,we annually tracked all trees and snags≥1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood≥10 cm diameter and≥1 m in length in 25.6 ha of Tsuga heterophylla/Pseudotsuga menziesii *** analyzed the amount,biomass,and spatial distribution of deadwood,and we assessed how various causes of mortality that contributed uniquely to deadwood ***:Compared to aboveground woody live biomass of 481 Mg ha^(−1)(from trees≥10 cm diameter),snag biomass was 74 Mg ha^(−1) and deadwood biomass was 109 Mg ha^(−1)(from boles≥10 cm diameter).Biomass from large-diameter trees(≥60 cm)accounted for 85%,88%,and 58%,of trees,snags,and deadwood,*** aboveground woody live and dead biomass was 668 Mg ha^(−1).The annual production of downed wood(≥10 cm diameter)from tree boles averaged 4 Mg ha^(−1) yr^(−1).woody debris was spatially heterogeneous,varying more than two orders of magnitude from 4 to 587 Mg ha^(−1) at the scale of 20 m×20 m *** all causes of deadwood creation varied in importance between large-diameter trees and small-diameter *** of standing stems and deadwood had weak inverse distributions,reflecting the long period of time required for trees to reach large diameters following antecedent tree mortalities and the centennial scale time required for deadwood ***:Old-growth forests contain large stores of biomass in living trees,as well as in snag and deadwood biomass pools that are stable long after tree *** biomass(or carbon)in deadwood pools can lead to substantial underestimations of sequestration and stability.

关键词： Carbon sequestration Old-growth forest Pseudotsuga menziesii Tree mortality Tsuga heterophylla wind River Forest Dynamics Plot

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Expression of human FUS protein in Drosophila leads to progressive neurodegeneration

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Protein & Cell 2011年第6期2卷 477-486页

作者： yanbo Chen Mengxue yang jianwen Deng Xiaoping Chen ye ye Li Zhu jianghong Liu Haihong ye yan Shen yan Li Elizabeth j.Rao Kazuo Fushimi Xiaohong Zhou Eileen H.Bigio Marsel Mesulam Qi Xu jane y.wu National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100730China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Neurology Center for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine303 E.Superior St.ChicagoIL 60611 USA The Cognitive Neurology&Alzheimer's Disease Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine303 E.Chicago Ave.ChicagoIL 60611USA Trumbull College Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA

Mutations in the Fused in sarcoma/Translated in liposarcoma gene(FUS/TLS,FUS)have been identified among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).FUS protein aggregation is a major pathological hallmark of FUS proteinopathy,a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by FUS-immunoreactive inclusion *** prepared transgenic Drosophila expressing either the wild type(wt)or ALS-mutant human FUS protein(hFUS)using the UAS-Gal4 *** expressing wt,R524S or P525L mutant FUS in photoreceptors,mushroom bodies(MBs)or motor neurons(MNs),transgenic flies show age-dependent progressive neural damages,including axonal loss in MB neurons,morphological changes and functional impairment in *** transgenic flies expressing the hFUS gene recapitulate key features of FUS proteinopathy,representing the first stable animal model for this group of devastating diseases.

关键词： frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD) FUS proteinopathy animal model amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neurodegeneration

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Al-C-Ni组分的变化对Al-C-Ni与ITO层接触电阻的影响(英文)

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液晶与显示 2006年第5期21卷 424-427页

作者：金原奭金聖雄崔大林柳在一李禹奉李貞烈京东方科技集团股份有限公司中央研究院

为克服大尺寸显示面板中反应时间的延迟问题,采用低阻栅线是十分有益的,同样在小尺寸面板上也存在这种相互匹配的过程。然而,由于Al较高的氧化速度,铝合金和ITO材料接触性能并不太好。文章介绍了在室温ITO沉积过程中,通过增加ACX(Al-C-... 详细信息

为克服大尺寸显示面板中反应时间的延迟问题,采用低阻栅线是十分有益的,同样在小尺寸面板上也存在这种相互匹配的过程。然而,由于Al较高的氧化速度,铝合金和ITO材料接触性能并不太好。文章介绍了在室温ITO沉积过程中,通过增加ACX(Al-C-Ni)中Ni含量来减少ACX-ITO接触电阻。经室温ITO沉积后,接触电阻成功地减少到300Ω,而且没有ACX引起的问题出现。

关键词： ITO Al-C—N 接触电阻组分

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Heart healthy equals prostate healthy and statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are the ideal recommendations for prostate cancer prevention

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Asian journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 783-791,I0008页

作者： Mark A Moyad Nicholas j Vogelzang Department of Urology University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor Michigan USA Developmental Therapeutics Committee and Genitourinary Committee for US Oncology Research Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada USA

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Lifestyle factors that promote CVD also appear to increase prostate cancer risk and those that reduce CVD risk also appear to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The largest randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements or pharmacologic agents for prostate cancer prevention （Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]） have also shed light on the problems and future solutions in this area. Dietary supplements that have not been found to be CVD protective, such as selenium and Vitamin E have not been found to be prostate protective. In addition, over exposure to specific anti-oxidants in nutritionally replete populations may be encouraging cancer growth. Futuretrials of dietary supplements to prevent prostate cancer could be problematic because by the time a definitive trial is initiated the participants will no longer be ＂deficient＂ in the nutrient being tested, which arguably occurred in the SELECT trial. It is also interesting that statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are 3 generic, low-cost, heart healthy agents derived from natural sources with separate mechanism of actions, which all appear to have the best benefit to risk ratio compared to any other agent available for prostate cancer prevention, especially aggressive disease, or as an ancillary agent （s） to conventional cancer treatment. It is time to focus on the forest over the trees and recommend proven CVD protective measures for men concerned about their risk of prostate cancer.

关键词： aspirin diet lifestyle metformin prostate cancer statins

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Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Mn-oxo and Co-based Compounds in water Oxidation Catalysis and Potential Applications in Solar Fuel Production

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第8期52卷 704-711页

作者： Harvey j.M.Hou Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth

To address the issues of energy crisis and global warming, novel renewable carbon-free or carbon-neutral energy sources must be identified and developed. A deeper understanding of photosynthesis is the key to provide a solid foundation to facilitate this transformation. To mimic the water oxidation of photosystem II oxygen evolving complex, Mn-oxo complexes and Co-phosphate catalytic material were discovered in solar energy storage. Building on these discoveries, recent advances in solar energy conversion showed a compelling working principle by combing the active Mn-oxo and Co-based catalysts in water splitting with semiconductor heteronanostructures for effective solar energy harnessing. In this review the appealing systems including Mn-oxo tetramer/Nafion, Mn-oxo dimer/TiO2, Mn-oxo oligomer/wO3, Co-Pi/Fe2O3, and Co-Pi/ZnO are summarized and discussed. These accomplishments offer a promising framework and have a profound impact in the field of solar fuel production.

关键词： Mn Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Mn-oxo and Co-based Compounds in water Oxidation Catalysis and Potential Applications in Solar Fuel Production II Figure

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Application of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Energy Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy for Microchemical Studies in 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第3期21卷 361-366页

作者： P.Parameswaran Ilse Papst F.Hofer w.Grogger V.S.Raghunathan Materials Characterisation Group Research Institute for Electron MicroscopyResearch Institute for Electron MicroscopyResearch Institute for Electron MicroscopyMaterials Characterisation Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchKalpakkam 603 102IndiaTech.Univ.A-8010GrazAustriaTech.Univ.A-8010GrazAustriaTech.Univ.A-8010GrazAustriaIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchKalpakkam 603 102India

Electron enregy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) investigation on 2.25Cr-lMo steel was carried out to understand the nature of evolution of secondary carbides. The filtered images obtained from two different ageing treatments indicate that the steel evolves to a more stable carbide namely M23C6 in comparison to M2C. Microchemical information was generated from EELS spectra. Suitable choice for estimating the microchemical state was discussed. To evaluate the behaviour of ageing an elemental ratio of Fe to Cr is employed.

关键词： Ferritic steels 2.25Cr-lMo steel EFTEM EELS Ageing

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The non-uniformity study under geo-magnetic field of 20-inch MCP-PMT for LHAASO

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第3期8卷 1377-1389页

作者： C.C.Liu B.Gao S.X.Lu M.j.Chen X.H.you K.Li Lin Liu w.K.Gao Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Centre 1500 Ke Zhi RoadChengduChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100043China

Purpose The large diameter photon sensors are widely applied in astroparticle physics and neutrino physics *** to its large size,the geo-magnetic effect cannot be *** this work,one 20-inch MCP-PMT are scanned under geo-magnetic field and magnetic shielding environment,and finally,the multi-parameter scanning results are *** In order to evaluate the response of MCP-PMTs,an automatic spherical scanning system based on stepper motor and quartz fiber was established.A comprehensive multi-point scanning was performed on the entire 20-inch MCP-PMT,and a multi parameter data scanning model was *** self-developed magnetic shielding was used to demonstrate the improvement of magnetic shielding on the ratio of signals,charge uniformity,and time characteristics of the 20-inch *** By comparing the results with and without magnetic shielding,it can be concluded that with magnetic shielding,the variation in charge spectrum and the ratio of signals are relatively *** the same time,the composition of photon time spectrum has become *** relative transit time and time spread of photons are reduced to a certain extent,and the uniformity of both is also *** The use of magnetic shielding has improved the various performance of MCP-PMT,preparing for future LHAASO and other experiments.

关键词： Photon-sensor Geo-magnetic effect Non-uniformity

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Growth characteristic,productivity and nutritive value of forages by reseeding methods in forest fire burnt pasture

Growth characteristic,productivity and nutritive value of fo...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： j.K.Lee S.H.yoon y.C.Lim B.S.jeon K.y.Kim K.j.Choi H.S.Park S.Seo Grassland & Forages Division National Institute of Animal Science RDACheonanChungnam 330-801Korea

＜正＞Introduction Periodic burning is a management tool used to rejuvenate old stands of *** maintains the vegetation in a more youthful and productive state for *** a plant responds to fire depends on the height above ground of its growing points,a function of plant maturity and plant-growth *** imformation is known about the use of fire on cool-season ***,these may include many of the same objectives associated with burning,such as woody

关键词： Forest fire pasture reseeding dry matter yield nutritive value

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Surgical techniques for the management of male infertility

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Asian journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 94-102,177页

作者： Natalya A Lopushnyan Thomas j walsh Department of Urology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

Evaluation and surgical treatment of male infertility has evolved and expanded, now leading to more precise diagnoses and tailored treatments with diminished morbidity and greater success. Surgeries for male infertility are divided into four major categories：（i） diagnostic surgery; （ii） surgery to improve sperm production; （iii） surgery to improve sperm delivery; and （iv） surgery to retrieve sperm for use with in vitrofertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection （IVF-ICSI）. while today we are more successful than ever in treating male infertility, pregnancy is still not always achieved likely due to factors that remain poorly understood. Clinicians treating infertility should advocate for couple-based therapy, and require that both partners have a thorough evaluation and an informed discussion before undergoing specific surgical therapies.

关键词： male infertility testis varicocele

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ＲＥＧＵＬＡＲＩＴＹＴＨＥＯＲＹＦＯＲＳＹＳＴＥＭＳＯＦＰＡＲＴＩＡＬＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＩＡＬＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＷＩＴＨＮＥＵＭＡＮＮＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳ

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2002年第2期23卷 165-180页

作者： A.BENSOUSSAN j.FREHSE UniversityParis Institut fur Angewandte Mathematik Dauphineand CNES(CentreNationald’Etudes Spatiales)2PlaceMauriceQuentin75001Pari

The objective of this paper is to consider the theory of regularity of systems of partial differential equations with Neumann boundary conditions. It complements previous works of the authors for the Dirichlet case. This type of problem is motivated by stochastic differential games. The Neumann case corresponds to stochastic differential equations with reflection on boundary of the domain.

关键词： Regularity theory Neumann boundary conditions Dirichlet problem

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