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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu y.x.bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri x.J.Bi y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen H.x.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng M.y.Cui S.W.Cui x.H.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu x.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng x.T.Feng y.Feng y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo x.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han M.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He J.y.He y.He y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou x.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang x.T.Huang x.y.Huang y.Huang x.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang x.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.M.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li x.R.Li xin Li y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.Liu y.N.Liu Q.Luo y.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma x.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei J.C.Qi M.y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev x.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov y.Su D.x.Sun Q.N.Sun x.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang P.H.Wang R.Wang W.Wang x.G.Wang x.y.Wang y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.x.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu H.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu x.F.Wu y.S.Wu S.Q.xi J.xia G.M.xiang D.x.xiao G.xiao y.L.xin y.xing D.R.xiong Z.xiong D.L.xu R.F.xu R.x.xu W.L.xu L.xue D.H.yan J.Z.yan T.yan C.W.yang C.y.yang F.yang F.F.yang L.L.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang W.x.yang y.H.yao Z.G.yao L.Q.yin N.yin x.H.you Z.y.you y.H.yu Q.yuan H.yue H.D.Zeng T.x.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.Zhang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(CRs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LHAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs.

关键词： UHE c-ray Cosmic rays SNR W51C Star clusters

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由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-yu Liu Ruizhi yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus x,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus x-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

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Optimization of performance of the KM2A full array using the Crab Nebula

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 169-178页

作者：曹臻 F.Aharonian 安琪阿西克古白云翔包逸炜 D.Bastieri 毕效军毕玉江蔡金庭曹晴曹文羽曹喆常进常劲帆陈尚明陈恩生陈亮陈林陈龙陈明君陈玛丽陈起辉陈素弘陈天禄陈阳程宁程耀东崔明阳崔树旺崔晓红崔昱东戴本忠代洪亮戴子高单增罗布 D.della Volpe 董绪强段凯凯樊军辉范一中方军方堃冯存峰封莉冯少辉丰晓婷冯有亮 S.Gabici 高博高川东高林青高启高卫高伟康葛茂茂耿利斯 G.Giacinti 龚光华苟全补顾旻皓郭福来郭晓磊郭义庆郭莹莹韩毅昂何会海贺昊宁何佳银何新波何钰 M.Heller 贺远强侯博文侯超侯贤胡红波胡铨胡世聪黄代绘黄天奇黄文俊黄性涛黄晓渊黄勇黄志成季筱璐贾焕玉贾康江琨姜晓巍姜泽军金敏康明铭柯通 D.Kuleshov.K.Kurinov 李兵兵李澄李骢李丹李飞李海波李会财李华阳李军李剑李捷李凯李文龙李文莲李秀荣李昕李一卓李哲黎卓梁恩维梁云峰林苏杰刘冰刘成刘栋刘虎刘海东刘佳刘江来刘金艳刘茂元柳若愚刘四明刘伟刘怡刘以农鲁睿罗晴吕洪魁马伯强马玲玲马欣华毛基荣闵振 W.Mitthumsiri 穆慧君南云程 A.Neronov 区子维庞彬宇 P.Pattarakijwanich 裴致远齐孟尧祁业情乔冰强秦家军 D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz D.Semikoz 邵澄宇邵琅 O.Shchegolev 盛祥东舒富文宋慧超 yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov 苏扬孙秦宁孙晓娜孙志斌谭柏轩唐庆文唐泽波田文武王超王昌贝王广威王洪光王惠惠王建成汪凯王利苹王玲玉王培汉王冉王为王祥高王祥玉王阳王玉东王岩谨王忠海王仲翔王振王铮韦大明魏俊杰魏永健文韬吴超勇吴含荣武莎吴雪峰吴雨生席邵强夏捷夏君集项光漫肖迪泫肖刚辛广广辛玉良邢祎熊峥徐东莲徐仁峰徐仁新徐伟立薛良闫大海颜景志颜田杨朝文杨帆杨冯帆杨何文杨佳盈杨莉莉杨明洁杨睿智杨深邦姚玉华姚志国叶一锰尹丽巧尹娜游晓浩游智勇于艳红袁强岳华曾厚敦曾婷轩曾玮查敏张彬彬张丰张海明张恒英张建立张丽霞张力张鹏飞张佩佩张瑞张少博张少如张寿山张潇张笑鹏张云峰张毅张勇赵兵赵静赵雷赵立志赵世平郑福周斌周浩周佳能周猛周平周荣周勋秀祝成光祝凤荣朱辉朱科军左雄 LHAASO Collaboration Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610000China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève24 Quai Ernest Ansermet1211 GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC Universit'e Paris Cit'eCNRS/IN2P3CEA/IRFUObservat

The full array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has been in operation since July *** its kilometer-square array(KM2A),we optimized the selection criteria for very high and ultrahigh energyγ-rays using data collected from August 2021 to August 2022,resulting in an improvement in significance of the detection in the Crab Nebula of approximately 15%,compared with that of previous *** the implementation of these new selection criteria,the angular resolution was also significantly improved by approximately 10%at tens of *** aspects of the full KM2A array performance,such as the pointing error,were also calibrated using the Crab *** resulting energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range of 10-1000 TeV are well fitted by a log-parabola model,which is consistent with the previous results from LHAASO and other experiments.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula significance

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Geometrical reconstruction of fluorescence events observed by the LHAASO experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第4期45卷 416-425页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.x.bai y.x.bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri x.J.Bi y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang x.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen x.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui x.H.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.DEtorre Piazzoli x.J.Dong J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan Z.x.Fan J.Fang J.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo x.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He x.B.He y.He M.Heller y.K.Hor C.Hou x.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu x.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang x.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji x.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li x.Li x.Li x.R.Li y.Li y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.y.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.N.Liu Z.x.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma x.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli y.C.Nan B.y..Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei M.y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Saiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev x.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun x.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang x.G.Wang x.J.Wang x.y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.x.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.x.Wu x.F.Wu S.Q.xi J.xia J.J.xia G.M.xiang G.xiao H.B.xiao G.G.xin y.L.xin y.xing D.L.xu R.x.xu L.xue D.H.yan C.W.yang F.F.yang J.y.yang L.L.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang S.B.yang y.H.yao Z.G.yao y.M.ye L.Q.yin N.yin x.H.you Z.y.you y.H.yu Q.yuan H.D.Zeng T.x.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha x.x.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.x.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.F.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang x.Zhang x.P.Zhang y.Zhang y.Zhang y.F.Zhang y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Paricle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China HefeiAnhui 230026China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519000China School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi 530004China Hebei Normal University ShijiazhuangHebei 050024China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingJiangsu 210023China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdaoShandong 266237China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan 610031China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasaTibet 850000China School of physics and technology Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072Ch

The LHAASO-WFCTA experiment,which aims to observe cosmic rays in the sub-EeV range using the fluorescence technique,uses a new generation of high-performance *** ensure that the experiment has ex-cellent detection capability associated with the measurement of the energy spectrum,the primary composition of cosmic rays,and so on,an accurate geometrical reconstruction of air-shower events is *** paper de-scribes the development and testing of geometrical reconstruction for stereo viewed events using the WFCTA(Wide Field of view Cherenkov/Fluorescence Telescope Array)*** approaches,which take full advantage ofthe WFCTA *** *** is the stereo-angular method,which uses the pointing of triggered SiPMs in the shower trajectory,and the other is the stereo-timing method,which uses the triggering time of the fired *** results show that both methods have good geometrical resolution:the resolution of the stereo-timing method is slightly better than the stereo-angular method because the resolution of the latter is slightly limited by the shower track length.

关键词： cosmic ray fluorescence telescope stereo observation geometrical reconstruction

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Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A−a performance study

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 518-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.x.bai y.x.bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri x.J.Bi y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang x.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen x.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui x.H.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai D.della Volpe B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli x.J.Dong J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan Z.x.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo x.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He x.B.He y.He M.Heller y.K.Hor C.Hou x.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu x.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang x.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji x.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li x.Li x.R.Li y.Li y.Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.y.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.N.Liu Z.x.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma x.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli y.C.Nan B.y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei M.y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev x.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun x.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang x.G.Wang x.J.Wang x.y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.x.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.x.Wu x.F.Wu S.Q.xi J.xia J.J.xia G.M.xiang G.xiao H.B.xiao G.G.xin y.L.xin y.xing D.L.xu R.x.xu L.xue D.H.yan C.W.yang F.F.yang J.y.yang L.L.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang S.B.yang y.H.yao Z.G.yao y.M.ye L.Q.yin N.yin x.H.you Z.y.you y.H.yu Q.yuan H.D.Zeng T.x.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha x.x.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.x.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang x.Zhang x.P.Zhang y.Zhang y.F.Zhang y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou x.x.Zhou C.G.Zhu F.R.Zhu H.Zhu K.J.Zhu x.Zuo Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences100049 BeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China 230026 HefeiAnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences100190 BeijingChina School of Physics Peking University100871 BeijingChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University510006 GuangzhouGuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen University519000 ZhuhaiGuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University530004 NanningGuangxiChina Hebei Normal University 050024 ShijiazhuangHebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University450001 ZhengzhouHenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University266237 QingdaoShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences200030 ShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240 ShanghaiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University610031 ChengduSichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan University610065 ChengduSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of Education850000 LhasaTibetChina School of Physics and Tec

A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 *** though the detector construction is still underway,half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of *** this paper,we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula,a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray *** detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10-100 TeV and>100 TeV with high significance,by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May *** the observations,we test the detector performance,including angular resolution,pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection *** energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE=(1.13±0.05stat±0.08sys)×10^(-14).(E/20 TeV)-309±0.06stat±0.02syscm^(-2) s^(-1) TeV^(-1).It is consistent with previous measurements by other *** opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena,such as cosmic PeVatrons,might be discovered.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula extensive air showers cosmic rays

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A novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 1-14页

作者： Jianxun ZHANG Jinwen bai State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

In this paper, a novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) is designed, and the axial compressive behavior of the MFFCT under free inversion is studied analytically and numerically. The theoretical analysis reveals that the energy is mainly dissipated through the radial bending of the metal circular tube, the circumferential expansion of the metal circular tube, and the metal filled-foam compression. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the theoretical formula for the minimum compressive force of the MFFCT over free inversion under axial loading. Furthermore, the free inversion deformation characteristics of the MFFCT are analyzed numerically. The theoretical steady values are found to be in good agreement with the results of the finite element(FE) analysis. The effects of the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, and the filled-foam strength on the free inversion deformation of the MFFCT are considered. It is observed that in the steady deformation stage, the load-carrying and energy-absorbing capacities of the MFFCT increase with the increase in the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, or the filled-foam strength. The specific energy absorption(SEA) of free inversion of the MFFCT is significantly higher than that of the metal tube alone.

关键词： metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) free inversion load-carrying capacity energy absorption

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Use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain cells,organoids,assembloids,and blood-brain barrier models in understanding alcohol and anesthetic-induced brain injuries:an emerging perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 953-954页

作者： xiaowen bai Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology&AnatomyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA

Neurological disorders,including developmental disorders,Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and psychiatric conditions,have significant social and economic impacts *** extensive research into the underlying mechanisms of these disorders,effective treatments remain elusive,partly due to the complexity of the brain,the limited availability of human brain tissue,and the blood-brain barrier(BBB)’s impermeability to certain *** perspective article discusses the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-based models of brain cells,organoids,assembloids,and BBB to advance our understanding of the etiology,progression,and mechanisms of brain injuries induced by alcohol consumption and general *** models could also be used to develop protective and therapeutic approaches.

关键词： injuries protective drugs

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A dynamic range extension system for LHAASOWCDA-1

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 520-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.x.bai y.x.bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri x.J.Bi y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang x.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen x.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui x.H.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli x.J.Dong J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan Z.x.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo x.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He x.B.He y.He M.Heller y.K.Hor C.Hou x.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu x.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang x.T.Huang y.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji x.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li x.Li x.Li x.R.Li y.Li y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.y.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.N.Liu Z.x.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma x.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli y.C.Nan B.y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei M.y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev x.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun x.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang x.G.Wang x.J.Wang x.y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.x.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.x.Wu x.F.Wu S.Q.xi J.xia J.J.xia G.M.xiang G.xiao H.B.xiao G.G.xin y.L.xin y.xing D.L.xu R.x.xu L.xue D.H.yan C.W.yang F.F.yang J.y.yang L.L.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang S.B.yang y.H.yao Z.G.yao y.M.ye L.Q.yin N.yin x.H.you Z.y.you y.H.yu Q.yuan H.D.Zeng T.x.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha x.x.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.x.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang x.Zhang x.P.Zhang y.Zhang y.Zhang y.F.Zhang y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina School of Physics

Purpose The main scientific goal of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey gamma-ray sources with energy from 100 GeV to 30 *** observe high-energy shower events,especially to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic rays from 100 TeV to 10 PeV,a dynamic range extension system(WCDA++)is designed to use a 1.5-inch PMT with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude for each cell in *** The dynamic range is extended by using these PMTs to measure the effective charge density in the core region of air shower events,which is an important parameter for identifying the composition of primary *** and Conclusion The system has been running for more than one *** this paper,the details of the design and performance of WCDA++are presented.

关键词： LHAASO-WCDA WCDA++ Water Cherenkov detector Performance

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Line-of-shower trigger method to lower energy threshold for GRB detection using LHAASO-WCDA

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 531-541页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.x.bai y.x.bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri x.J.Bi y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang x.C.Chan B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen x.L.Chen y.Chen N.Chen y.D.Chen S.W.Cui x.H.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli x.J.Don J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan Z.x.Fan J.Fang K.Fan C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Fen y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Gen G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo x.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He x.B.He y.He M.Heller y.K.Hor C.Hou x.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu x.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huan W.H.Huang x.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji x.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li x.Li x.Li x.R.Li y.Li y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.y.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.N.Liu Z.x.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma x.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli y.C.Nan B.y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei M.y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev x.D.Shen J.R.Shi H.C.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun x.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wan C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wan R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang x.G.Wang x.J.Wan x.y.Wang y.D.Wan y.J.Wan y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.x.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.x.Wu x.F.Wu S.Q.xi J.xia J.J.xia G.M.xiang G.xiao H.B.xiao G.G.xin y.L.xin y.xing D.L.xu R.x.xu L.xue D.H.yan C.W.yang F.F.yang J.y.yang L.L.yang M.J.yan R.Z.yang S.B.yang y.H.yao Z.G.yao y.M.ye L.Q.yin N.yin x.H.you Z.y.you y.H.yu Q.yuan H.D.Zeng T.x.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha x.x.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.x.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhan x.Zhang x.P.Zhan y.Zhan y.Zhang y.F.Zhang y.L.Zhan B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou x.x.Zhou C.G. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina School of Physic

Purpose Observation of high energy and very high emission from Gamma Ray Bursts(GRBs)is crucial to study the gigantic explosion and the underline *** a large field-of-view and almost full duty cycle,the Water Cherenkov Detector Array(WCDA),a sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),is appropriate to monitor the very high energy emission from unpredictable transients such as *** Nevertheless,the main issue for an extensive air shower array is the high energy threshold which limits the horizon of the *** address this issue a new trigger method is developed in this article to lower the energy threshold of WCDA for GRB *** The proposed method significantly improves the detection efficiency of WCDA for gamma-rays around the GRB direction at 10-300 *** sensitivity of the WCDA for GRB detection with the new trigger method is *** achieved sensitivity of the quarter WCDA array above 10 GeV is comparable with that of *** data analysis process and corresponding fluence upper limit for GRB 190719C is presented as an example.

关键词： LHAASO WCDA GRB

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Performance of LHAASO-WCDA and observation of the Crab Nebula as a standard candle

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第8期45卷 166-181页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.x.bai y.x.bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri x.J.Bi y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang x.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen x.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui x.H.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli x.J.Dong J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan Z.x.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo x.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He x.B.He y.He M.Heller y.K.Hor C.Hou x.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu x.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang x.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji x.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li x.Li x.Li x.R.Li y.Li y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.y.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.N.Liu Z.x.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma x.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli y.C.Nan B.y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei M.y.Qi B.Q.Qiao D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Saiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev x.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun x.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang x.G.Wang x.J.Wang x.y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.x.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.x.Wu x.F.Wu S.Q.xi J.xia J.J.xia G.M.xiang G.xiao H.B.xiao G.G.xin y.L.xin y.xing D.L.xu R.x.xu L.xue D.H.yan C.W.yang F.F.yang J.y.yang L.L.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang S.B.yang y.H.yao Z.G.yao y.M.ye L.Q.yin N.yin x.H.you Z.y.you y.H.yu Q.yuan H.D.Zeng T.x.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha x.x.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.x.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang x.Zhang x.P.Zhang y.Zhang y.Zhang y.F.Zhang y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University

The first Water Cherenkov detector of the LHAASO experiment(WCDA-1)has been operating since April *** data for the first year have been analyzed to test its performance by observing the Crab Nebula as a standard *** WCDA-1 achieves a sensitivity of 65 mCU per year,with a statistical threshold of 5 *** accomplish this,a 97.7%cosmic-ray background rejection rate around 1 TeV and 99.8%around 6 TeV with an ap proximate photon acceptance of 50%is achieved after applying an algorithm to separate gamma-induced *** angular resolution is measured using the Crab Nebula as a point source to be approximately 0.45°at 1 TeV and better than 0.2°above 6 TeV,with a pointing accuracy better than 0.05°.These values all match the design *** energy resolution is found to be 33%for gamma rays around 6 *** spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula in the range from 500 GeV to 15.8 TeV is measured and found to be in agreement with the results from other TeV gamma ray observatories.

关键词： LHAASO-WCDA Crab Nebula angular resolution spectral energy distribution

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