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Aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders:progress of experimental models based on disease pathogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 354-365页

作者： Li xu Huiming xu Changyong Tang Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders that lead to permanent visual loss and motor *** date,no effective treatment exists as the exact causative mechanism remains ***,experimental models of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are essential for exploring its pathogenesis and in screening for therapeutic *** most patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are seropositive for IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4,which is highly expressed on the membrane of astrocyte endfeet,most current experimental models are based on aquaporin-4-IgG that initially targets *** experimental models have successfully simulated many pathological features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,such as aquaporin-4 loss,astrocytopathy,granulocyte and macrophage infiltration,complement activation,demyelination,and neuronal loss;however,they do not fully capture the pathological process of human neuromyelitis optica spectrum *** this review,we summarize the currently known pathogenic mechanisms and the development of associated experimental models in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,suggest potential pathogenic mechanisms for further investigation,and provide guidance on experimental model *** addition,this review summarizes the latest information on pathologies and therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders based on experimental models of aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,offering further therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for clinical trials.

关键词： aquaporin-4 experimental model neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder pathogenesis

Rock fracture mechanism of buffer blasting with cushion layer at the borehole bottom

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 325-334页

作者： xinguang Zhu Chenxi Ding Zhe Sui Hong Su xu Guo School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

This study primarily investigates the rock fracture mechanism of bottom cushion layer blasting and explores the effects of the bottom cushion layer on rock *** involves analyses of the evolution patterns of blasting stress,characteristics of crack distribution,and rock fracture features in the ***,blasting model experiments were carried out using the dynamic caustics principle to investigate the influence of bottom cushion layers and initiation methods on the integrity of the bottom rock *** experimental results indicate that the combined use of bottom cushion layers and inverse initiation effectively protects the integrity of the bottom rock ***,the process of stress wave propagation and dynamic crack propagation in rocks was simulated using the continuum-discontinuum element method(CDEM)and the Landau explosion source model,with varying thicknesses of bottom cushion *** numerical simulation results indicate that with increasing cushion thickness,the absorption of energy generated by the explosion becomes more pronounced,resulting in fewer cracks in the bottom rock *** illustrates the positive role of the cushion layer in protecting the integrity of the bottom rock mass.

关键词： bottom cushion layer blasting crack propagation continuum-discontinuum element method dynamic stress intensity factor

Superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant siloxane-modified MgAl-LDHs coatings on magnesium alloy prepared under mild conditions

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 450-463页

作者： Wenxi Zhang Zhangzelong Zhuo Dan xu Liang Wu Zhihui xie Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChina West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China College of Materials Science and Engineering/National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

We have developed a superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant LDH-W/PFDTMS composite coating on the surface of Mg *** composite comprised a tungstate-intercalated(LDH-W)underlayer that was grown at low temperature(relative to hydrothermal reaction conditions)under atmospheric pressure and an outer polysiloxane layer created from a solution containing perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane(PFDTMS)using a simple immersion *** successful intercalation of tungstate into the LDH phase and the following formation of the polysiloxane layer were confirmed through x-ray diffraction(xRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(xPS).The corrosion resistance of the LDH-W film,both before and after the PFDTMS modification,was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),Tafel curves,and immersion *** results showed that Mg coated with LDH-W/PFDTMS exhibited significantly enhanced corrosion protection compared to the unmodified LDHW film,with no apparent signs of corrosion after exposure to 3.5wt%NaCl solution for 15 ***,the LDH-W/PFDTMS coating demonstrated superior superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties against water and several common beverages,as confirmed by static contact angle and water-repellency *** results offer valuable insights into preparing superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant LDH-based composite coatings on Mg alloy surfaces under relatively mild reaction conditions.

关键词： Mg alloy corrosion coating layered double hydroxide

Reducing the measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 64-70页

作者： Guo-Fu xu Department of Physics Shandong University

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers serve as the physical platform for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum *** quantum computation has entered the noisy intermediate-scale era, building accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is clearly necessary. Given that measurements are the sole means of extracting information, they play an indispensable role in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. Accordingly, developing methods to reduce measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is of great importance. However, while much attention has been given to the research on nonadiabatic holonomic gates, the research on reducing measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is severely lacking. In this study, we propose a measurement error reduction method tailored for intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. The reason we say this is because our method can not only reduce the measurement errors in the computer but also be useful in mitigating errors originating from nonadiabatic holonomic gates. Given these features,our method significantly advances the construction of accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.

关键词： quantum holonomy quantum computation measurement errors

Mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries:regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2437-2453页

作者： Siyi xu Junqiu Jia Rui Mao xiang Cao yun xu Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Jiangsu UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Nanjing Neurology Medical Center NanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina

Acute central nervous system injuries,including ischemic stro ke,intracerebral hemorrhage,subarachnoid hemorrhage,traumatic brain injury,and spinal co rd injury,are a major global health *** optimal therapies and improving the long-term neurological functions of patients with acute central nervous system injuries are urgent *** are susceptible to damage after acute central nervous system injury,and this leads to the release of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species,which induce cell ***,a selective form of autophagy,is crucial in eliminating redundant or damaged mitochondria during these *** evidence has highlighted the significant role of mitophagy in acute central nervous system *** this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the process,classification,and related mechanisms of *** also highlight the recent developments in research into the role of mitophagy in various acute central nervous system injuries and drug therapies that regulate *** the final section of this review,we emphasize the potential for treating these disorders by focusing on mitophagy and suggest future research paths in this area.

关键词： autophagy intracerebral hemorrhage ischemic stroke mitochondria mitochondrial biogenesis mitochondrial quality control mitophagy spinal cord injury subarachnoid hemorrhage traumatic brain injury

Stabilizing nanograined Fe-Cr alloy by Si-assisted grain boundary segregation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第3期134卷 223-233页

作者： x.F.xu x.y.Li B.Zhang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Intentional solute segregation at grain boundary(GB)can effectively stabilize the nanograined alloys by reducing the excess energy and mobility of GB,but it usually works for binary alloys with sufficient GB segregation ***,we found that the segregation of Cr can be enhanced in a nanostruc-tured Fe-8Cr alloy with insufficient GB segregation tendency through the interaction of another solute Si(1.0 wt.%).After surface mechanical grinding treatment and subsequent annealing,the nanograined Fe-8Cr-1Si is more thermally stable than the nanograined Fe-8Cr,which is mainly attributed to the Si-enhanced Cr segregation as observed by Super-x energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDS)mapping *** the grain refinement to nanoscale,the thermal stability is further improved due to the in-crease of Cr content at GBs and the precipitates formed at appropriate high *** present finding provides guidance for the development of advanced nanostructured ternary alloys.

关键词： Segregation Grain boundary Fe-Cr-Si alloy Nanocrystalline Thermal stability

A surface engineering strategy for the stabilization of zinc metal anodes with montmorillonite layers toward long-life rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 94-105页

作者： Wenbo Wang Ruifeng xu xu Zhang Peiyu Wang Bao yang Bingjun yang Juan yang Kailimai Su Pengjun Ma yanan Deng xianfeng Fan Wanjun Chen Key Laboratory for Electronic Materials College of Electrical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials Research Center State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Materials and Processes School of Engineering University of Edinburgh

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries （AZIBs） exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy ***,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）,and corrosion side ***,we propose a surface engineering modification strategy for coating the montmorillonite （MMT） layer onto the surface of the Zn anode to tackle these issues,thereby achieving high cycling stability for rechargeable *** results reveal that the MMT layer on the surface of the Zn anode is able to provide ordered zincophilic channels for zinc ions migration,facilitating the reaction kinetics of zinc *** functional theory（DFT） calculations and water contact angle （CA） tests prove that MMT@Zn anode exhibits superior adsorption capacity for Zn2+and better hydrophobicity than the bare Zn anode,thereby achieving excellent cycling ***,the MMT@Zn||MMT@Zn symmetric cell holds the stable cycling over 5600 h at 0.5 mA cm-2and 0.125 m A h cm-2,even exceeding 1800 h long cycling under harsh conditions of 5 m A cm-2and 1.25 m A h *** MMT@Zn||V2O5full cell reaches over 3000 cycles at 2 A g-1with excellent rate ***,this surface engineering modification strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs represents a promising application.

关键词： Surface engineering strategy Montmorillonite layer Protection mechanism of Zn anode Cycling stability Aqueous zinc ion batteries

Amplitude modulation and extreme events in turbulent channel flow

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2018年第1期34卷 1-9页

作者： y.C.yao W.x.Huang C.x.xu AML Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University

Amplitude modulation of near-wall turbulence by large-scale structures in the outer layer is investigated by direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows at Reynolds number Re= 540, 1000, 2000. The effect of modulation is obvious in the two-point cross-section correlation map, and the correlation coefficients increase significantly with the Reynolds number. The influence of modulation is reflected in the tail of the probability density function of the near-wall flow signals, which expands as the Reynolds number increases. The flatness factor provides a quantitative description of the high fluctuation events due to modulation. Vortical structures associated with modulation are revealed by conditionally averaging the flow field of the near-wall extreme events, providing a depiction of how the influence of the large-scale structures penetrate towards the near-wall region.

关键词： Wall turbulence Amplitude modulation Flatness Extreme events

Inspires effective alternatives to backpropagation:predictive coding helps understand and build learning

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3215-3216页

作者： Zhenghua xu Miao yu yuhang Song School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjinChina Department of Computer Science University of OxfordOxfordUK

Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human *** enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.

关键词： assignment learning enable