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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第5期12卷 1-7页

作者： Tadashi takakura NARO Institute for Rural Engineering TsukubaIbaraki 305-8609Japan

Environments do not exist in *** main components in greenhouse systems are *** consideration of plants,analysis of greenhouse environments and environmental control of greenhouses can be accomplished,although it is not simple to *** attempts were undertaken to analyze greenhouse environments and then reproduce *** rate effects on plant photosynthesis in a growth chamber were reported in *** simulations then became a main subject of *** first dynamic computer simulation of a greenhouse environment including plants was published in *** to innovations of computer technology,the use of minicomputers and microcomputers spread in many *** measuring the net photosynthesis of lettuce plants grown under artificial lighting,air temperature was optimized using a minicomputer with the hill-climbing *** method was designated as the Speaking Plant Approach to environment control(SPA).After the author developed the first reported environmental control system in Japan,systems using microcomputers spread widely for greenhouse environmental ***-based expert systems were tested for plant ***,a machine vision system was developed to detect critical moments for watering of muskmelon *** first feed-forward control method for greenhouses with a large heat mass was *** space farming was tested in 1996 to assess gravity effects on ***-saving aspects such as solar sterilization,ground heat storage system,and storage using phase change material(PCM)have been *** of ordinary solarimeters were reported in 2008 along with an approach to estimate evapotranspiration in a greenhouse without the effect of so-called cosine ***,this technique was expanded to estimate photosynthesis of the plant canopy in a greenhouse using newly developed sensor units.

关键词： computer control evapotranspiration global and diffused solar radiation nondestructive and non-contact measurement photosynthesis SPA

The difference of Park and Streitberger singleblind needles from takakura double-blind needle

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第4期13卷 212-214页

作者： Nobuari takakura Miho Takayama Hiroyoshi yajima Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Faculty of Health Sciences Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Sciences Department of Physiology Showa University School of Medicine

In a recent study aimed at validating the Park sham needle for use as a double-blind control intervention,To and Alexander concluded that the practitioner who was performing acupuncture recognized the type of needle[1].This paper may lead the reader to misunderstand the design and purpose of placebo/sham acupuncture[2–6]which have been developed in recent decades for the purpose of acupuncture research.

关键词： acupuncture single blind double blind sham treatment

Influence of texture feature size on spherical silicon solar cells

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 115-120页

作者： HAyASHI Shota MINEMOTO Takashi takakura Hideyuki HAMAKAWA yoshihiro College of Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan

The effects of surface texturing on spherical silicon solar cells were investigated. Surface texturing for spherical Si solar cells was prepared by immersing p-type spherical Si crystals in KOH solution with stirring. Two kinds of texture feature sizes (1 and 5 μm pyramids) were prepared by changing stirring speed. After fabrication through our baseline processes, these cells were evaluated by solar cell performance and external quantum efficiency. The cell with 1 and 5 μm pyramids shows the short circuit current density (Jsc) value of 31.9 and 33.2 mA·cm-2, which is 9% and 13% relative increase compared to the cell without texturing. Furthermore, the cell with 5 μm pyramids has a higher open-circuit voltage (0.589 V) than the cell with 1 μm pyramids (0.577 V). As a result, the conversion efficiency was improved from 11.4% for the cell without texturing to 12.1% for the cell with 5 μm pyramids.

关键词： solar cell spherical silicon texturing alkali etching

Impact of thermal history of spherical silicon crystal on its crystal quality

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 127-132页

作者： TSUJIyA Kaoru MINEMOTO Takashi MUROZONO Mikio takakura Hideyuki HAMAKAWA yoshihiro College of Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan Clean Venture 21 Co. Ltd. 35 Kamitoba Daimotsu-chou Minami-ku Kyoto 601-8121 Japan

Spherical Si solar cells were fabricated based on multicrystalline Si spheres produced by a dropping method. The thermal history of Si spheres were calculated by numerical simulation. The simulation result reveals that heat transfered by convection is greater than heat transfered by radiation. Considering the calculation results, Si spheres were dropped in the free-fall tower at low pressure state (0.2×105-0.5×105 Pa) to slow heat transfer by convection. After dash etching for 60 min, low pressure Si spheres have less etch pits, i.e., 80% for etch pit density and 8% for etch pit-area ratio compared to normal one. Furthermore, the conversion efficiency was improved from 6.57% (normal pressure spherical Si solar cell) to 9.56% (low one), which is 45% relative increase. The improvement is due to decrease of undercooling and increase of crystal growth duration. These results demonstrate that the dropping method at low pressure state is useful for fabricating high performance spherical Si solar cells.

关键词： solar cell sphere silicon undercooling low pressure thermal history etch pit

Spherical silicon solar cell with reflector cup fabricated by decompression dropping method

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 121-126页

作者： MINEMOTO Takashi OKAMOTO Chikao MUROZONO Mikio takakura Hideyuki HAMAKAWA yoshihiro College of Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan Clean Venture 21 Co. Ltd. 35 Kamitoba Daimotsu-chou Minami-ku Kyoto 601-8121 Japan

A spherical Si solar cell with a reflector cup was successfully fabricated by a dropping method at decompression state. In the dropping method, melted Si droplets were instilled at decompression state (0.5×105 Pa) to reduce crystal growth rate, dominating crystal quality such as dislocation density in crystal grains. Spherical Si solar cells were fabricated using the spherical Si crystals with a diameter of 1 mm and then mounted on a reflector cup. The current-voltage measurement of the solar cell shows an energy conversion efficiency of 11.1% (short-circuit current density (Jsc): 24.7 mA·cm-2, open-circuit voltage: 601 mV, fill factor: 74.6%). Minority carrier diffusion length determined by surface photovoltage method was 98 μm. This value can be enhanced by the improvement of crystal quality of spherical Si crystals. These results demonstrate that spherical Si crystals fabricated by the dropping method has a great potential for substrate material of high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells.

关键词： spherical Si solar cell dropping method decompression state

Patient blinding with blunt tip placebo acupuncture needles:comparison between 1 mm and 2 mm skin press

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第3期16卷 164-171页

作者： Nobuari takakura Miho Takayama Morihiro Nasu Masako Nishiwaki Akiko Kawase Hiroyoshi yajima Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Faculty of Health Sciences Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Sciences Department of Physiology Showa University School of Medicine Japan School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Physiotherapy

Objective： To investigate the influence of the depth of skin press in blunt tip placebo acupuncture needles on patient blinding and its relationship to needle ***： Forty healthy volunteers were enrolled as subjects for patient blinding. Four acupuncturists applied the following needles randomly at three points in each forearm： 0.18 mm and 0.25 mm diameter penetrating needles inserted to a depth of 5 mm, and 0.18 mm and 0.25 mm diameter skin-touch needles depressing the skin at the acupoint to a depth of 1 mm and 2 mm from the skin surface. The subjects reported their guesses at the nature of needles they received, and rated needle pain and de qi. A blinding index was calculated to define the success of blinding for ***： The blinding status of subjects for 1 mm press needles of 0.18 mm diameter was ＂random guess＂,but ＂unblinded＂ for 1 mm press needles of 0.25 mm diameter. For 2 mm press needles of both diameters,the blinding status was ＂opposite guess＂ and the blinding status for penetrating needles of both diameters was ＂unblinded.＂ The percentages of ＂felt pain＂ with 2 mm press needles of both diameters were similar to that with penetrating needles, but those were not similar for 1 mm press needles. The frequency of de qi occurrence with 2 mm press needles of 0.18 mm diameter was similar to that of penetrating needles of both ***： Placebo needles of 2 mm press made more subjects guess that the needles penetrated the skin than 1 mm press needles. The use of small diameter needles increased patient blinding.

关键词： Double-blind method Acupuncture Placebo Sham De qi

Administration frequency as well as dosage of PTH are associated with development of cortical porosity in ovariectomized rats

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Bone Research 2017年第2期5卷 109-122页

作者： Aya takakura Ji-Won Lee Kyoko Hirano yukihiro Isogai Toshinori Ishizuya Ryoko Takao-Kawabata Tadahiro Iimura Pharmaceuticals Research Center Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Shizuoka Japan Graduate School of Medicine Division of Analytical BioMedicine Ehime University Ehime Japan Division of Bio-Imaging Proteo-Science Center (PROS) Ehime University Ehime Japan Division of Analytical Bio-Medicine Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES) Ehime University Ehime Japan and Artificial Joint Integrated Center Ehime University Hospital Ehime Japan

To investigate whether the administration frequency of parathyroid hormone(PTH) is associated with the development of cortical porosity, this study established 15 dosage regimens of teriparatide [human PTH(1–34), TPTD] with four distinct concentrations and four distinct administration frequencies of TPTD to 16-week-old ovariectomized rats. Our analyses demonstrated that the bone mineral density, mechanical properties, and bone turnover were associated with the total amount of TPTD administered. Our observations further revealed that the cortical porosity was markedly developed as a result of an increased administration frequency with a lower concentration of total TPTD administration in our setting, although the highest concentration also induced cortical porosity. Deconvolution fluorescence tiling imaging on calcein-labeled undecalcified bone sections also demonstrated the development of cortical porosity to be closely associated with the bone site where periosteal bone formation took place. This site-specific cortical porosity involved intracortical bone resorption and an increased number and proximity of osteocytic lacunae,occasionally causing fused lacunae. Taken together, these findings suggested the involvement of local distinctions in the rate of bone growth that may be related to the site-specific mechanical properties in the development of cortical porosity induced by frequent and/or high doses of TPTD.

关键词： frequency Administration PTH

Mouse models for investigating the underlying mechanisms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-derived hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第18期24卷 1989-1994页

作者： Kazuki takakura Tsunekazu Oikawa yoichi Tomita yusuke Mizuno Masanori Nakano Chisato Saeki yuichi Torisu Masayuki Saruta Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine The Jikei University School of Medicine

As the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) caused by infection with the hepatotropic viruses hepatitis B and hepatitis C decreases, greater attention has become focused on HCC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), an advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease which has shown increasing prevalence in correspondence with the overall increase in metabolic syndrome over the recent decades. Several clinical population studies have shown a positive relationship between NASH and HCC, while also providing initial insights into the underlying mechanisms of HCC development from NASH. Research into the pathological progression of NASH to HCC has advanced by use of several beneficial rodent models. In this review, we summarize the established mouse models for preclinical research of NASH-associated HCC and discuss the underlying hepatic mechanisms of NASH-related tumorigenesis identified to date that could lead to new targets for treatment and prevention.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Two-Way but Asymmetrical Reproductive Interference between an Invasive <i>Veronica</i>Species and a Native Congener

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 535-542页

作者： Koh-Ichi takakura Group of Urban Environment Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Osaka Japan.

Recent studies have suggested that reproductive interference, a deleterious interspecific interaction in the mating process, plays an important role in biological invasions. In the system of plant species, however, the border with the pollen limitation has often been vague in past studies. This study, using field and laboratory experiments and field observations, examined the reproductive success of an endangered native herbaceous plant, Veronica polita lilacina, in the context of the reproductive interference by the alien congener, V. persica. The auto-pollination experiment confirmed that both species can usually produce seeds even without external conspecific pollens. Results of the artificial pollination experiment demonstrated that pollination with the heterospecific pollens significantly decreases the number of seeds in the native species, but not in the alien species. A transplant experiment revealed that the coexistence with the alien species reduced the fruiting success of the native species. Field observations have shown the interaction between two species in the native patch with only one intruding alien species. They demonstrated that native individuals placed closer to the alien individual suffered a greater decrease in fruiting success and the seed production and that the alien intruder produced no seed. These results demonstrate that species that could reproduce via the auto-pollination suffered the reproductive interference and that the native species also exert the resistive reproductive interference slightly. These interactions can explain the displacement pattern of the native species by the alien congener in Japan.

关键词： Endangered Species Fruiting Success Interspecific Pollen Transfer Veronica persica Veronica polita lilacina