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Rapid detection of colored and colorless macroand micro-plastics in complex environment via near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 512-522页

作者： Hui-Huang Zou Pin-Jing He Wei Peng Dong-ying lan Hao-yang Xian Fan lü Hua Zhang Institute of Waste Treatment&Reclamation College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is ***,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their *** address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PlS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest *** effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were ***-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification *** models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was *** method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different *** summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.

关键词： Colorless microplastics near-infrared hyperspectral imaging Plastic identification Partial least squares discriminant analysis Machine learning

Human health risks associated to trace elements and metals in commercial fish from the Brazilian Amazon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 230-242页

作者： Andrea V.Waichman Gabriel Silva de Souza nunes Rhaul de Oliveira Isabel lópez-Heras Andreu Rico Federal university of the Amazon Institute of Biological SciencesAv.Rodrigo Ramos 3000Manaus 69077-000Brazil Federal university of Pernambuco Department of ZoologyAv.Prof Moraes Rego 1235Cidade UniversitáriaRecife 50670-901Brazil university of Campinas School of TechnologyRua Paschoal Marmo 1888-Jd.Nova ItáliaLimeira 13484-332Brazil IMDEA Water Institute Science and Technology Campus of the University of AlcaláAv.Punto Com 2Alcaláde Henares 28805MadridSpain Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valenciac/Catedrático JoséBeltrán 246980PaternaValenciaSpain

Fish constitutes the main protein source for the Amazonian ***,the impact of different anthropogenic activities on trace element and metal accumulation in fish and their risks for human health at a regional scale remain largely *** we assessed exposure levels of 10 trace elements andmetals(Cr,Mn,Fe,ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Pb,and Hg)in 56 samples belonging to 11 different species of fish from the Brazilian *** studied the relationship between exposure levels,fish origin,and fish feeding habits,and assessed toxicological and carcinogenic risks for the Amazonian *** significant correlation was found between sampling site and exposure levels to the studied elements,but a significant difference was found between the accumulation of some metals and the position of the fish species in the food *** concentrations of Cr and Hg in fish flesh were found to exceed the Brazilian limits for human *** study shows that current fish consumption patterns can lead to estimated daily intakes of Hg,As and Cr that exceed the oral reference dose,thus posing a toxicological ***,carcinogenic risks may be expected due to the continued exposure to Cr and *** results of this study show that the consumption of wild caught fish in the Amazon region should be ***,continued monitoring of trace element and metal contamination in fish and on the health of the Amazonian population is recommended,particularly for riverine and indigenous communities.

关键词： Metals Deforestation Mining Freshwater ecosystems Carcinogenic risks Amazon

Integration of a hybrid vibration prediction model for railways into noise mapping software:methodology,assumptions and demonstration

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Railway Engineering Science 2025年第1期33卷 1-26页

作者： Pieter Reumers Geert Degrande Geert lombaert David JThompson Evangelos ntotsios Pascal Bouvet Brice nélain Andreas nuber Department of Civil Engineering KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 403001 LeuvenBelgium ISVR University of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthampton SO171BJUK Vibratec 28 Chemin du petit bois69131 EcullyFrance Woelfel Engineering GmbH+Co.KMax‑Planck Strasse 1597204 HoechbergGermany

Within the SIlVARSTAR project,a user-friendly frequency-based hybrid prediction tool has been developed to assess the environmental impact of railway-induced *** tool is integrated in existing noise mapping *** modern vibration standards and guidelines,the vibration velocity level in a building in each frequency band is expressed as the sum of a force density(source term),line source transfer mobility(propagation term)and building correction factor(receiver term).A hybrid approach is used that allows for a combination of experimental data and numerical predictions,providing increased flexibility and *** train and track properties can be selected from a database or entered as numerical *** user can select soil impedance and transfer functions from a database,pre-computed for a wide range of parameters with state-of-the-art *** experimental database of force densities,transfer functions,free field vibration and input parameters is also *** building response is estimated by means of building correction *** within the modelling approach are made to reduce computation time but these can influence prediction accuracy;this is quantified for the case of a nominal intercity train running at different speeds on a ballasted track supported by homogeneous soil of varying *** paper focuses on the influence of these parameters on the compliance of the track–soil system and the free field *** also demonstrate the use and discuss the validation of the vibration prediction tool for the case of a high-speed train running on a ballasted track in lincent(Belgium).

关键词： Railway-induced vibration Hybrid vibration prediction model Experimental validation low-speed approximation

Risk factors, prevention and screening of colorectal cancer: A rising problem

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第5期31卷 117-123页

作者： Vladislav V Tsukanov Alexander V Vasyutin Julia l Tonkikh Clinical Department of The Digestive System Pathology of Adults and Children Federal Research Center“Krasnoyarsk Science Center”of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesScientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the NorthKrasnoyarsk 660022Russia

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death *** leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco smoking,alco-hol consumption,and unhealthy *** screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence,economic resources and healthcare *** aspects of screening include adherence,which can vary signi-ficantly across ethnic and socioeconomic *** concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colono-scopy or radiologic imaging *** capabilities for CRC scree-ning are rapidly evolving and include stool DnA test,liquid biopsy,virtual colo-nography,and the use of artificial intelligence.A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted imple-mentation of screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Screening Prevention Risk factors Colonoscopy Fecal immunochemical test Fecal occult blood test Stool DnA test Diet lynch syndrome

Healing Process of Casting Pores in a ni-based Superalloy by Hot Isostatic Pressing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第11期31卷 1151-1157页

作者： X.G.Zheng y.-n.Shi l.H.lou Shenyang national laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Superalloy Division Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hot isostatic pressing （HIP） with a pressure of 180 MPa at a temperature of 1170 ℃ was introduced to an investment cast ni-based superalloy （Mgl） turbocharger blade to explore the healing process of casting pores generated during investment casting. Optical micrograph and scanning electron naicroscopy （SEM） observations indicate that eutectic pores are the main cast defects in the as-cast blade before HIP. These pores normally locate at the solidification front of γ/γ＇ eutectic with a size of a few micrometers to a few tens of micrometers. After HIP for 4 h, most of the pores were closed. Based on phase characteristics, these pores were healed by the formation of γ matrix with finer and irregular-shaped γ＇ precipitates. Healing interface can be easily distinguished by SEM. line scan by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） reveals a much higher Ti and Al concentration in the healing interface. It is proposed that solute diffusion toward the casting pores during HIP results in the formation of γ, and the much higher concentration of γ＇-forming elements Al and Ti near the healing interface contributes to the precipitation of γ＇ in the healed region in the succeeding cooling process after HIP.

关键词： Superalloy Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Healing

The effect of adsorbent textural and functional properties on model naphthenic acid adsorption

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 27-37页

作者： Tyler M.Roy Elmira nazari Oliver K.l.Strong Paul R.Pede Andrew J.Vreugdenhil Material Science Department of ChemistryTrent University1600 West BankPeterboroughOntario K9L 0G2Canada Carbonix 690 Mountain RdSuite 200Fort William First NationOntario P7J 1G8Canada

naphthenic acids,nAs,are a major contaminant of concern and a focus of much research around remediation of oil sand process affected waters,*** activated carbon adsorbents are an attractive option given their low cost of fabrication and implementation.A deeper evaluation of the effect nA structural differences have on uptake affinity is *** we provide an in-depth exploration of nA adsorption including many more model nA species than have been assessed previously with evaluation of adsorption kinetics and isotherms at the relevant alkaline pH of OSPW using several different carbon adsorbents with pH buffering to simulate the behaviour of real *** for the nA varied considerably regardless of the activated carbon used,ranging from 350 mg/g to near zero highlighting recalcitrant *** equilibrium data was explored to identify structural features of these species and key physiochemical properties that influence *** found that certainnAwill be resistant to adsorptionwhen hydrophobic adsorbents are *** isotherm modelling helped explore interactions occurring at the interface between nA and adsorbent *** identified the importance of nA hydrophobicity for activated carbon *** is also presented that indicates favorable hydrogen bonding between certain nA and surface site hydroxyl groups,demonstrating the importance of adsorbent surface functionality for nA *** research highlights the challenges associated with removing nAs from OSPW through adsorption and also identifies howadsorbent surface chemistry modification can be used to increase the removal efficiency of recalcitrant nA species.

关键词： Adsorption Activated carbon Model naphthenic acids Isotherm modelling

Acellular scaffold‑based approach for in situ genetic engineering of host T‑cells in solid tumor immunotherapy

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Military Medical Research 2025年第1期12卷 16-35页

作者： Hiren y.Dandia Mamatha M.Pillai Deepak Sharma Meghna Suvarna neha Dalal Ayush Madhok Arvind Ingle Shubhada V.Chiplunkar Sanjeev Galande Prakriti Tayalia Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics Department of BiologyIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPune 411008India Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer(ACTREC)Tata Memorial CentreKhargharMumbai 410210India

Background:Targeted T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological ***,its application to solid tumors presents significant challenges due to the limited accessibility and *** delivery of tumor-specific T-cells using biomaterials has shown promise,however,procedures required for genetic modification and generation of a sufficient number of tumor-specific T-cells ex vivo remain major obstacles due to cost and time ***:Polyethylene glycol(PEG)-based three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds were developed and conjugated with positively charged poly-l-lysine(Pll)using carbamide chemistry for efficient loading of lentiviruses(lVs)carrying tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptors(TCRs).The physical and biological properties of the scaffold were extensively ***,the scaffold loaded with OVA-TCR lVs was implanted in B16F10 cells expressing ovalbumin(B16-OVA)tumor model to evaluate the anti-tumor response and the presence of transduced ***:Our findings demonstrate that the scaffolds do not induce any systemic inflammation upon subcutaneous implantation and effectively recruit T-cells to the *** B16-OVA melanoma tumor-bearing mice,the scaffolds efficiently transduce host T-cells with OVA-specific *** genetically modified T-cells exhibit homing capability towards the tumor and secondary lymphoid organs,resulting in a significant reduction of tumor size and systemic increase in anti-tumor *** cell profiling revealed a significantly high percentage of transduced T-cells and a notable reduction in suppressor immune cells within the tumors of mice implanted with these ***:Our scaffold-based T-cell therapy presents an innovative in situ localized approach for programming T-cells to target solid *** approach offers a viable alternative to in vitro manipulation of T-cells,circumventing the need for large-scale in vitro generat

关键词： Polyethylene glycol diacrylate Poly-l-lysine lentiviruses T-cell therapy B16F10-OVA melanoma

nuMERICAl AnAlySIS OF HEAT TRAnSFER DuRInG lASER ClADDInG TO SynTHESIZE TiCp/Al COMPOSITE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2004年第1期17卷 1-6页

作者： D.n.Zou J.yang y.l.Huang J.y.Su School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055ChinaSchool of Metallurgical EngineeringXi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Based on the continuum model for binary solid-liquid phase change system, the math-ematic model to simulate the process of laser cladding in situ synthesis TiCp/Al composite on the surface of aluminum alloy was formulated. The additive source method was employed to treat with the heat release of synthetic reaction in powder mixture at certain temperatures, and also to solve the momentum and heat transfer caused by the relative movement between laser beam and the specimen. Two different types of driving forces for flow were considered in the model, i.e., the buoyancy force and the surface tension gradient at the laser pool surface. The three-dimensional transient temperature field simulation program was developed being based upon the commercial software PHOEnICS. The calculated and observed fusion boundaries were compared and very good agreement was obtained.

关键词： numerical simulation heat transfer laser cladding in situ synthesis composite

EFFECT OF QuEnCHInG TEMPERATuRE On SHAPE MEMORy EFFECT OF Fe-18Mn -5Si-8Cr-4ni AllOy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 1999年第5期12卷 739-742页

作者： Wen, y.H. li, n. Xu, y.G. Tu, M.J. li, y.l. Ma, y.l. Sichuan univ Chengdu China

The effects of quenching temperature on shape memory effect and microstructure of Fe 18Mn 5Si 8Cr 4ni shape memory alloy have been studied. The results show that both the shape recovery ratio and the recovery strain increased as quenching temperature increased, the amount of stress induced ε martensite in the process of cold work decreased with the increase of quenching temperature, the shape recovery ratio and the recovery strain reached maximum at 650℃, and then decreased rapidly with the further increase of quenching temperature,the stress induced ε martensite wholly disappeared at 1023K. But when the quenching temperature is higher than 1023K, the further increase of quenching temperature had little effect on shape recovery ratio, the amount and size of thermal induced ε martensite would increased with the further increase in quenching temperature. The shape memory effect can be improved by the moderate amount of pre exist ε martensite in the matrix before deforming.

关键词： shape memory alloy shape recovery ratio ,martensite transformation