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Experimental evidence of pressure effects on spinel dissolution and peridotite serpentinization kinetics under shallow hydrothermal conditions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 236-250页

作者： yuri de Melo Portella Rommulo Vieira Conceição Tiago Abreu Siqueira lucas Bonan Gomes Rodrigo Sebastian Iglesias Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências(PPGGEO) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil Petrobras–Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. Avenida Henrique Valadares 28CentroRio de Janeiro(RJ)20231-030Brazil Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais-PUCRS–Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900Porto AlegreBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de GeociênciasLaboratório de Difratometria de Raios XPorto AlegreBrazil Escola Politécnica–PUCRS-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900 Porto AlegreBrazil

Serpentinization reactions are paramount to understand hydro-geothermal activity near plate boundaries and mafic–ultramafic massifs,as well as fluid and element transfer between the Earth’s mantle and ***,fluid-rock element exchange and serpentinization kinetics under shallow hydrothermal conditions is still largely *** we present two constant temperature(230℃)time-series of natural peridotite(77.5%olivine;13.7%enstatite;6.8%diopside;2%spinel)serpentinization experiments:at 13.4 MPa;and 20.7 ***-enriched lizardite was the main secondary mineral in all runs after olivine(olv)and orthopyroxene(opx)serpentinization(without any detectable brucite,talc or magnetite),while primary spinel and diopside partially dissolved during the *** serpentinization stages comprises intrinsically coupled reactions between olivine and enstatite,as Al and Si are progressively transferred from orthopyroxene-derived to olivine-derived serpentine,while the opposite is true for Mg and Fe,with homogenization of serpentines compositions after 40 *** Ni/Cr ratios of serpentines,however,remain diagnostic of the respective primary *** average serpentine content indicates fast serpentinization rates of 0.55 wt.%·day^(-1)(0.26 mmol·day^(-1))and 0.26 wt.%·day^(-1)(0.13 mmol·day^(-1))at 13.4 and 20.7 MPa,*** 2x faster serpentinization kinetics at lower pressure is likely linked to enhanced spinel dissolution leading to one order of magnitude higher available Al,which accelerates olivine serpentinization while delays orthopyroxene ***,time-dependent increase in solid products masses suggests rock volume expands linearly 0.37%±0.01%per serpentine wt.%independently of *** balance constrains suggests olv:opx react at~5:2 and~3:2 M ratios,resulting in Si-deficient and Si-saturated serpentines at the end of the low-pressure series(13.4 MPa)and high-pressure series(20.7 MPa),***

关键词： Serpentine Volume expansion Serpentinization fluids Lost City hydrothermal field Serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems Hydrogen(H_(2))generation

Synchronized off-harmonic probe laser with highly variable pulse duration for laser-plasma interaction experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 99-107页

作者： J.Hornung y.Zobus H.Lorenté C.Brabetz B.Zielbauer V.Bagnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Institut d’Optique UniversitéParis-SaclayPalaiseauFrance Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

This paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a synchronized off-harmonic laser system designed as a probe for ultra-intense laser±plasma interaction experiments. The system exhibits a novel seed-generation design,allowing for a variable pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 picoseconds to 10 nanoseconds. This makes it suitable for various plasma diagnostics and visualization techniques. In a side-view configuration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induced plasma while successfully suppressing the self-emission background of the laser±plasma interaction, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. These properties enable the probe to yield valuable insights into the plasma dynamics and interactions at the PHELIX facility and to be deployed at various laser facilities due to its easy-to-implement design.

关键词： interferometry laser-plasma interaction off-harmonic probe laser streaked shadowgraphy

Congophilic fibrils in the glomeruli with polyclonal immunoglobulin gamma staining-another cause for diagnostic overlap:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 3200-3205页

作者： Maria Bernadette Che-ying Chow lucas Bushrow Irmeen Siddiqui April Chiu Mirza Hamirani Anjali A Satoskar Department of Pathology The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Pathology North District HospitalSheung ShuiHong KongChina Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Internal Medicine S.Joseph's HospitalParkersburgWV 26101United States

BACKGROUND Glomerulopathy with fibrillary deposits is not uncommon in routine nephropathology practice,with amyloidosis and fibrillary glomerulonephritis being the two most frequently encountered *** amyloid heavy and light chain(AHL)is relatively uncommon and its biopsy diagnosis is usually limited to cases that show strong equivalent staining for a single immunoglobulin(Ig)heavy chain and a single light chain,further supported by mass spectrometry(MS)and serum studies for monoclonal *** polyclonal light chain staining can pose a *** SUMMARy Herein we present a challenging case of renal AHL with polyclonal and polytypic Ig gamma(IgG)staining pattern by *** patient is a 62-yearold Caucasian male who presented to an outside institution with a serum creatinine of up to 8.1 mg/dL and nephrotic range *** the finding of a polyclonal and polytypic staining pattern on immunofluorescence,ultrastructural study of the renal biopsy demonstrated the presence of fibrils with a mean diameter of 10 *** red was positive while DNAJB9 was *** suggested a diagnosis of amyloid AHL type with IgG and lambda,but kappa light chains were also present supporting the immunofluorescence staining *** immunofixation studies demonstrated IgG lambda monoclonal *** patient was started on *** chronic renal injury however was quite advanced and he ended up needing dialysis shortly *** Tissue diagnosis of AHL amyloid can be *** confirmation using other available diagnostic techniques is recommended in such cases.

关键词： Heavy and light chain amyloid Fibrillary glomerulonephritis DNAJB9 Serum immunofixation Protein electrophoresis Mass spectrometry Congo red Case report

Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： y.H.Zhang H.Li Z.W.yang X.Liu Q.F.Gu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(SMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its wide transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low-temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of SMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)SMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)were *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.Whereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further growth of stress-induced martensite variants(SIMVs),(001)compound twins are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation twinning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite twins are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite twins form in the specimen with a larger prestrain of 16%.With increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new SIMVs,the further growth of existing SIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated with the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy Wide transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution Shape memory behaviors Stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation twinning

Four Late-type Galaxies with Double Radio Lobes and Properties of Such Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 84-90页

作者： Z.S.yuan X.y.Gao Z.L.Wen J.L.Han National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The triggering mechanism for radio lobes from late-type galaxies is not fully *** samples are desired for a thorough investigation and *** utilizing the optical data from the newly released Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument imaging surveys and the radio sources from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeter,we identify four Late-type Galaxies with double Radio Lobes(La GRLs):J0217-3645,J0947+6220,J1412+3723 and J1736+*** previously known La GRLs,we confirm the correlation between radio power P_(1.4GHz)and stellar mass M_(*)of host ***(25/35)La GRLs belong to the blue cloud galaxies,while the newly identified cases in this work are located within the region of the red *** find a clear correlation between the differential radio power,i.e.,the offset from the P_(1.4GHz)-M_(*)relation,and the galaxy color,indicating that bluer galaxies at a fixed M_(*)tend to host more powerful radio ***,the majority(31/36)of La GRLs are either located in a galaxy group or displaying a disturbed *** suggest that all of the galaxy mass,color and surrounding environment could play important roles in triggering radio lobes in late-type galaxies.

关键词： galaxies:active galaxies:jets galaxies:spiral radio continuum:galaxies

Finite element analysis and experimental validation of polymer-metal contacts in block-on-ring configuration

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 554-568页

作者： K.y.Eayal AWWAD Khosro FALLAHNEZHAD B.F.yOUSIF Ahmad MOSTAFA Omar ALAJARMEH A.SHALWAN Xuesen ZENG Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringTafila Technical UniversityTafila 66110Jordan Medical Device Research Institute College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversitySouth Australia 5042Australia Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba 4350Australia Department of Manufacturing Engineering Technology Public Authority for Applied Education and TrainingKuwait 13092Kuwait

The wear profile analysis,obtained by different tribometers,is essential to characterise the wear ***,most of the available methods did not take the stress distribution over the wear profile in consideration,which causes inaccurate *** this study,the wear profile of polymer–metal contact,obtained by block-on-ring configuration under dry sliding conditions,was analysed using finite element modelling(FEM)and experimental ***’s wear equation was integrated into a developed FORTRAN-UMESHMOTION code linked with Abaqus software.A varying wear coefficient(k)values covering both running-in and steady state regions,and a range of applied loads involving both mild and severe wear regions were measured and implemented in the *** FEM was in good agreement with the *** model reproduced the stress distribution profiles under variable testing conditions,while their values were affected by the sliding direction and maximum wear depth(hmax).The largest area of the wear profile,exposed to the average contact stresses,is defined as the normal *** the critical zones were characterized by high stress concentrations reaching up to 10 times of that at the normal *** wear profile was mapped to identify the critical zone where the stress concentration is the key point in this *** surface features were examined in different regions using scanning electron microscope(SEM).Ultimately,SEM analysis showed severer damage features in the critical zone than that in the normal zone as proven by ***,the literature data presented and considered the wear features the same at any point of the wear *** this study,the normal zone was determined at a stress value of about 0.5 MPa,whereas the critical zone was at about 5.5 *** wear behaviour of these two zones showed totally different features from one another.

关键词： polymer-to-metal contact block-on-ring wear profile wear model

Resistive field generation in intense proton beam interaction with solid targets

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 35-43页

作者： W.Q.Wang J.J.Honrubia y.yin X.H.yang F.Q.Shao Department of Physics National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Department of Nuclear Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina

The Brown-Preston-Singleton(BPS)stopping power model is added to our previously developed hybrid code to model ion beam-plasma *** simulations show that both resistive field and ion scattering effects are important for proton beam transport in a solid target,in which they compete with each *** the target is not completely ionized,the self-generated resistive field effect dominates over the ion scattering ***,when the target is completely ionized,this situation is ***,it is found that Ohmic heating is important for higher current densities and materials with high *** energy fraction deposited as Ohmic heating can be as high as 20%-30%.Typical ion divergences with half-angles of about 5°-10°will modify the proton energy deposition substantially and should be taken into account.

关键词： interaction beam intense

Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： yangyang JIA Marcel G.A.VAN DER HEIJDEN Alain y.VALZANO-HELD Markus JOCHER Florian WALDER Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research Group Plant-Soil Interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research Group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research Group Soil Quality and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned *** change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cycling under global change is still ***,we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine *** found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability *** in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community ***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in N cycling,highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching,while N_(2)O emissions played a marginal *** mycorrhizal fungi reduced N_(2)O emissions directly through the promotion of N_(2)O-consuming *** underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AMF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cycling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi

Analysis of Perinatal Outcomes of Twin Pregnancy in a Referral Hospital for High Risk

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第7期14卷 983-995页

作者： Eduarda Paim Pedro lucas Carneiro Ferreira Luciano Selistre Fernanda Grossi José Mauro Madi Gabriela Françoes Rostirolla Mdica Residente do Programa de Residncia em Ginecologia e Obstetrcia Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brasil Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Caxias do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brasil Programa de Ps-Graduao Universidade de Caxias do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brasil Servio de Ginecologia e Obstetrcia Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brasil

Introduction: The incidence of twin pregnancies has increased significantly in recent decades. These pregnancies require more attention due to their worse outcomes than singleton pregnancies. Objective: To analyze the characteristics and perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies at the Caxias do Sul General Hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study that included all births related to twin pregnancies between March 1998 and June 2018. Maternal and perinatal variables were analyzed. Descriptive analyses were carried out using measures of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables (mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range), according to a prior assessment of distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and absolute (n) and relative (n%) frequencies for categorical variables. Results: 172 pairs of twins/21,972 births (0.8%) were identified. There was a high percentage of interpartum interval of less than 12 months, adherence and prenatal visits, body mass index, and need for neonatal intensive care. Stillbirth and neomortality rates were within acceptable parameters. Conclusion: The sample studied showed a percentage similar to that in the literature, a high rate of maternal and perinatal complications, characterizing it as a high-risk fetal pregnancy.

关键词： Pregnancy Twin Pregnancy High Risk Pregnancy Morbidity Perinatal Mortality Perinatal Results