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How can the forest sector mitigate climate change in a changing climate? Case studies of boreal and northern temperate forests in eastern Canada

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 267-287页

作者： lucas Moreau Evelyne Thiffault Dominic Cyr yan Boulanger Robert Beauregard Departement des sciences du bois et de la foret Universite LavalQuebecCanada Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change CanadaGatineauCanada Laurentian Forestry Centre Natural Resources CanadaQuebecCanada

Background:Forest based climate mitigation emerged as a key component of the Paris Agreement,and thus re-quires robust science to reduce uncertainties related to such *** aim of this study was to assess and compare the cumulative effects on carbon dynamics of forest management and climate change on boreal and northern temperate forest sector in eastern Canada for the 2020–2100 ***:We used the spatially explicit forest landscape model LANDIS-II and its extension Forest Carbon Suc-cession,in conjunction with the Carbon Budget Model for Harvested Wood Products *** simulated the dynamics of forest composition and carbon flows from forest ecosystems to wood products and their substitution effect on markets under increasing climate forcing,according to a tonne-year *** were con-ducted for a series of forest management scenarios based on realistic practices principally by clearcut in the boreal territory and continuous-cover forestry in the northern temperate *** scenarios included:i)a business-as-usual scenario(BaU),representing the current management strategy,ii)increased harvesting by 6.3%to 13.9%,iii)increased conservation(*** harvesting by 11.1%to 49.8%),iiii)and a scenario representing the natural evolution of the forest landscape(*** any management activity).Results:Our study revealed that increasing harvesting levels had contrasting effects on the mitigation potential in northern temperate(enhance net sequestration)and boreal forest sector(enhance net emissions)in comparison to the BaU from 2040 onwards,regardless of the future *** storage in wood products and the substi-tution effect were not sufficient to offset carbon emissions from ***,climate change had a strong impact on the capacity of both landscapes to act as carbon *** temperate landscapes became a net source of carbon over time due to their greater vulnerability to climate change than boreal landsc

关键词： Climate change Carbon Forest sector Forest management Boreal landscapes Northern temperate landscape Mitigation potential

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The palaeobiogeography of South American gomphotheres

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第1期2卷 19-40页

作者： Spencer G.lucas New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science

Gomphotheriid proboscideans reached South America as Late Cenozoic immigrants from North America. However, disagreements over alpha taxonomy, age dating and phylogenetic relationships have produced three competing hypotheses about this immigration: (1) a single gomphothere immigration took place soon after the～3 Ma closure of the Panamanian isthmus; (2) two separate gomphothere immigrations took place after closure of the isthmus; or (3) an earlier, Late Miocene (before 9 Ma) immigration brought gomphotheres into South America. A critical re-evaluation of the alpha taxonomy, age dating and phyloge-netic relationships of Neotropical gomphotheres identifies two valid genera of South American gomphotheres, Cuvieronius and Notiomastodon (="Haplomastodon",="Stegomastodon" from South America) and recognizes "Amahuacatherium" as an invalid genus likely based on a specimen of Notiomastodon. The oldest well-dated South American gomphothere fossil is Marplatan, ～2.5 Ma, from Argentina. The case for an age of "Amahuacatherium" older than 9 Ma is refuted by mammalian biostratigraphy and a re-evaluation of the relevant magne-tostratigraphy. North American Rhynchotherium descended from Gomphotherium during the Late Hemphillian (～5-6 Ma) and gave rise to Cuvieronius in North America by the end of the Blancan (～2 Ma) time. Notiomastodon evolved from Cuvieronius in South America during the Pleistocene. The case for a close relationship between the Neotropical gomphotheres and Sinomastodon from China is rejected. Central America was not a center of endemic gompho-there evolution and merely acted as a pathway for the immigration of gomphotheres from north to south: Gomphotherium into Central America during the Miocene, Cuvieronius to Central America by Early Pleistocene time and on to South America. After closure of the Panamanian isthmus, Cuvieronius immigrated to South America, where it gave rise to Notiomastodon by Middle Pleistocene time. The South American history of gomphotheres

关键词： gomphothere South America Cuvieronius Notiomastodon Haplomasto-don Stegomastodon Amahuacatherium

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Artificial intelligence strengthens cervical cancer screening–present and future

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第10期21卷 864-879页

作者： Tong Wu Eric lucas Fanghui Zhao Partha Basu youlin Qiao School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Early Detection Prevention&Infections Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer(WHO)25 avenue Tony GarnierLyon 69007France Department of Cancer Epidemiology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

Cervical cancer is a severe threat to women’s *** majority of cervical cancer cases occur in developing *** WHO has proposed screening 70%of women with high-performance tests between 35 and 45 years of age by 2030 to accelerate the elimination of cervical *** to an inadequate health infrastructure and organized screening strategy,most low-and middle-income countries are still far from achieving this *** part of the efforts to increase performance of cervical cancer screening,it is necessary to investigate the most accurate,efficient,and effective methods and *** intelligence(AI)is rapidly expanding its application in cancer screening and diagnosis and deep learning algorithms have offered human-like interpretation capabilities on various medical *** will soon have a more significant role in improving the implementation of cervical cancer screening,management,and *** review aims to report the state of AI with respect to cervical cancer *** discuss the primary AI applications and development of AI technology for image recognition applied to detection of abnormal cytology and cervical neoplastic diseases,as well as the challenges that we anticipate in the future.

关键词： Cervical cancer screening artificial intelligence deep learning algorithms

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A reduced model for particle calcination for use in DEM/CFD simulations

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 316-327页

作者： lucas Mieg Torben Bergold Enric Illana Mahiques Viktor Scherer Martin Mönnigmann Automatic Control and System Theory Ruhr University BochumGermany Energy Plant Technology Ruhr University BochumGermany

We treat the accurate simulation of the calcination reaction in particles,where the particles are large and,thus,the inner-particle processes must be *** these processes need to be described with coupled partial differential equations(PDEs)that must be solved numerically,the computation times for a single particle are too high for use in simulations that involve many *** of this type arise when the Discrete Element Method(DEM)is combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)to investigate industrial systems such as quicklime production in lime shaft *** show that,based on proper orthogonal decomposition and Galerkin projection,reduced models can be derived for single particles that provide the same spatial and temporal resolution as the original PDE models at a considerably reduced computational *** the finite volume particle models with the reduced models results in an overall reduction of the reactor simulation time by about 40%for the sample system treated here.

关键词： Calcination Reactive bulk Model reduction Discrete element method Galerkin projection

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Deep reinforcement learning with planning guardrails for building energydemand response

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Energy and AI 2023年第1期11卷 12-25页

作者： Doseok Jang lucas Spangher Selvaprabu Nadarajah Costas Spanos Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at BerkeleyBerkeley94704CAUSA Department of Information and Decision Sciences University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago60607ILUSA

Building energy demand response is projected to be important in decarbonizing energy use. A demand responseprogram that communicates ‘‘artificial’’ hourly price signals to workers as part of a social game has the potentialto elicit energy consumption changes that simultaneously reduce energy costs and emissions. The efficacy ofsuch a program depends on the pricing agent’s ability to learn how workers respond to prices and mitigatethe risk of high energy costs during this learning process. We assess the value of deep reinforcement learning(RL) for mitigating this risk. Specifically, we explore the value of combining: (i) a model-free RL method thatcan learn by posting price signals to workers, (ii) a supervisory ‘‘planning model’’ that provides a syntheticlearning environment, and (iii) a guardrail method that determines whether a price should be posted to realworkers or the planning environment for feedback. In a simulated medium-sized office building, we compareour pricing agent against existing model-free and model-based deep RL agents, and the simpler strategy ofpassing on the time-of-use price signal to workers. We find that our controller eliminates 175,000 US Dollarsin initial investment, decreases by 30% the energy cost, and curbs emissions by 32% compared to energyconsumption under the time-of-use rate. In contrast, the model-free and model-based deep RL benchmarksare unable to overcome initial learning costs. Our results bode well for risk-aware deep RL facilitating thedeployment of building demand response.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning Risk-aware planning Demand response Energy Decarbonization

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The plant vascular system Ⅱ:From resource allocation,inter-organ communication and defense,to evolution of the monocot cambium

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第5期59卷 354-355页

作者： William J.lucas Chun-Ming Liu Department of Plant Biology University of California DavisCA 95616USA Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing，China

In this Special Issue, a focus is placed on the role of the xylem as an essential conduit for the long-distance delivery of water and mineral nutrients from the soil to the vegetative （above-ground） regions of the plant. Xylem cells destined to form tracheids or vessel members, which will make up the conduit for this water and mineral transport from the roots to the shoots, undergo apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death.

关键词： The plant vascular system From resource allocation,inter-organ communication and defense,to evolution of the monocot cambium

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Back to pluripotency:fully chemically induced reboot of human somatic cells

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2658-2659页

作者： lucas Lange Miguel A.Esteban Axel Schambach Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Laboratory of Integrative Biology Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510530China Division of Hematology/Oncology Boston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

In a recent study published in Nature,Guan et al.1 showed an exciting strategy to reprogram human somatic cells into human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells(hCiPSCs).Thereby,they identified crucial steps and p... 详细信息

关键词： al. chemically steps

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The crossroads of receptor-mediated signaling and endocytosis in plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第9期60卷 827-840页

作者： lucas Alves Neubus Claus Daniel V.Savatin Eugenia Russinova Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University9052 GhentBelgium Center for Plant Systems Biology VIB9052 GhentBelgium

Plants deploy numerous plasma membrane receptors to sense and rapidly react to environmental changes. Correct localization and adequate protein levels of the cell-surface receptors are critical for signaling activation and modulation of plant development and defense against pathogens. After ligand binding, receptors are internalized for degradation and signaling attenuation. However, one emerging notion is that the Iigand-induced endocytosis of reCeptor complexes is important for the signal duration, amplitude, and specificity. Recently, mutants of maior endocytosis players, including clathrin and dynamin, have been shown to display defects in activation of a subset of signal transduction pathways, implying that signaling in plants might not be solely restricted to the plasma membrane. Here, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge of receptor complex endocytosis and its effect on the signaling outcome, in the context of plant development and immunity.

关键词： The crossroads of receptor-mediated signaling and endocytosis in plants BRI PM

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Prime time for base editing in the mitochondria

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2630-2631页

作者： Michael A.Morgan lucas Lange Axel Schambach Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Division of Hematology/Oncology Boston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

A recent study published in Cell by the Kim lab represents a great advance towards expanding DNA editing possibilities to mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)as they show reasonable targeted A-to-G conversions in human mtDNA using base editors to broaden the arsenal of available tools.1 Mutations in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)are linked to several diseases(Fig.1),thus,development of gene therapy and editing approaches could lead to curative options for patients suffering from these *** this direction,gene editing tools such as zinc-finger nucleases(mitoZFN),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(mitoTALENs)and meganucleases(mitoARCUS)were shown to eliminate mutant mtDNA and shift heteroplasmy.

关键词： diseases base curative

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The pseudo-homogeneous flow regime in large-scale bubble columns:experimental benchmark and computational fluid dynamics modeling

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Petroleum 2019年第2期5卷 141-160页

作者： Giorgio Besagni Fabio Inzoli Thomas Ziegenhein Dirk lucas Department of Energy Politecnico di MilanoVia Lambruschini 4a20156MilanItaly Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V.Institute of Fluid Dynamics 01314 DresdenGermany

A precise prediction of the fluid dynamics in bubble columns is of fundamental importance to correctly design“industrial-scale”*** is known that the fluid dynamics in bubble columns is related to the prevailing bubble size distribution existing in the *** this respect,multiphase computational fluid dynamic simulations,in the Eulerian multi-fluid framework,are able to predict the local bubble size distributions and,thus,the global fluid dynamics from the fluid flow conditions and by applying modeling *** particular,in in“industrial-scale”reactors,owing to the large gas sparger openings,the“pseudo-homogeneous”flow regimedcharacterized by a wide spectrum of bubble sizesdis typically ***,reliable predictions of the“pseudo-homogeneous”flow regime are limited up to now:one important drawback concerns the selection of appropriate models for the coalescence and break-up.A set of closure relations was collected at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf that represents the best available ***,the authors have extended the validation of this set of closure relations to the“pseudo-homogeneous”flow regime,by comparing the numerical predictions to a comprehensive experimental dataset(gas holdup,bubble size distributions and local flow measurements).Unfortunately,the previous study suffers from some limitations;in particular,in the previous experimental dataset,the bubble size distributions concerned only one axial position and a detailed characterization of the gas sparger was *** study contributes to the existing discussion and proposed a step ahead in the study of the“pseudo-homogenous”flow *** this end,we propose an experimental study,to improve the comprehensive dataset previously *** novel datasetdobtained for two gas velocitiesdconcerns bubble size distributions at different axial and radial positions and a precise characterization of the gas *** comprehensive bubble size distribution

关键词： CFD Bubble column Large-scale Bubble size distribution Coalescence and break-up Validation

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