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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第4期6卷 43-50页

作者： N.Nissim E.Greenberg M.Werdiger y.horowitz L.Bakshi y.Ferber B.Glam A.Fedotov-Gefen L.Perelmutter S.Eliezer Applied Physics Division Soreq NRCYavneIsrael Note:This paper is part of the Special Issue on Matter in Extreme States Created by Laser.

We present a novel photonic Doppler velocimetry(PDV)design for laser-driven shock-wave *** PDV design is intended to provide the capability of measuring the free-surface velocity of shocked opaque materials in the terapascal *** present measurements of the free-surface velocity of gold for as long as∼2 ns from the shock breakout,at pressures of up to∼7 Mbar and a free-surface velocity of 7.3 km/s with an error of∼1.5%.Such laboratory pressure conditions are achieved predominantly at high-intensity laser facilities where the only velocity diagnostic is usually line-imaging velocity interferometry for any ***,that diagnostic is limited by the lower dynamic range of the streak camera(at a temporal resolution relevant to laser shock experiments)to measure the free-surface velocity of opaque materials up to pressures of only∼1 *** expect the proposed PDV design to allow the free-surface velocity of opaque materials to be measured at much higher pressures.

关键词： shock wave interferometry

Calcium channels caught in peripheral glia’s tug-of-war on axon regeneration in Drosophila

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 475-476页

作者： Jackson Powell Tobias Steinschaden Rose horowitz yuanquan Song Raymond G.Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA The Neuroscience Graduate Group University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Medical University of Vienna Center for Brain ResearchDepartment of NeuroimmunologyViennaAustria

Neural damage or degeneration is at the crux of many diseases,and treatment of these diseases will require the development of therapeutics to enhance and guide neural *** intrinsic and extrinsic factors dictate a neuron’s ability to regenerate,and the combination of these factors results in the great regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system(PNS)and the poor regenerative capacity of the central nervous system(CNS)following *** the core of a neuron’s function is its ability to relay electrochemical signals,and a neuron’s excitability is a key factor in its ability to *** works have focused on the changes in neuronal electrophysiological properties,firing patterns,and ion flux after injury,which differentially activate signaling pathways at the core of *** role of glia in neuron regeneration has long been studied.

关键词： degeneration firing system

Review of the optimal timing and technique for extensor tendon reconstruction in composite dorsal hand wounds

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第8期6卷 1-9页

作者： Shelby Lies Asher horowitz Gordon Lee Andrew y.Zhang Department Plastic Surgery University Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Department Plastic Surgery Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94304USA

Aim: The management of complex dorsal hand wounds with extensor tendon loss is controversial. Treatment has focused on soft tissue coverage, but there is limited evidence comparing immediate vs. staged tendon reconstruction. This review evaluates existing literature to determine the optimal management of composite hand defects. Methods: A MEDLINE database review was performed including objective measurements such as number of operations, total active motion, grip strength, days to maximum range of motion (ROM), and return to work. Data extraction included demographics, surgical techniques, complications, and relative outcome. We compared primary and secondary staged reconstruction to correlate any significant differences in outcome and determine optimal timing and technique for extensor tendon reconstruction. We extracted information on flap types including regional and free tissue transfer with tendinous components vs. staged tendon grafts. Results: Comparison of outcomes showed that patients with immediate reconstruction had fewer operations, faster return to maximum ROM, and greater chance of returning to work. The most successful single stage flaps include the radial forearm, suitable for reconstructing one to three tendons and the dorsalis pedis for three or four tendons;however, there were significantly more complications in immediate reconstruction particularly regarding donor site morbidity. Pedicled flaps had better total active motion. The two-stage approach resulted in acceptable functional outcomes without significant complications. ;Conclusion: Immediate cutaneous tendinous flaps have clear advantages over staged approaches for reconstruction ofcomposite dorsal hand wounds. Benefits include less operations, faster time to maximum ROM, and higher percent of patients returning to work;however, significantly more flap related complications were seen. Immediate pedicled radial forearm provided the best total active motion with least complications. When pati

关键词： Composite dorsal hand wound flap extensor tendon reconstruction

SKy BLUE,RED HEAVENS,AND ORANGE OVER ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2020年第2期35卷 135-146,267页

作者： Wayne horowitz The Hebrew University of Jemsalem

As a child,my classmates and I almost always painted the sky blue in kindergarten and elementary school,and the idea of"blue skies"has become synonymous with happy times now,and good tidings *** how did Ancient Mesopotamians think about the color of the sky,and its daylight and nighttime phenomena?Based on the cuneiform evidence,we first examine ancient concepts of blue and red in the heavens,and finish with evidence indicating the planet,Mars,was seen as the color"fire・red,''that is to say the color of the crayon today labeled"orange."

关键词： planet orange BLUE

Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms:Prevalence,sociodemographics and treatment patterns in the adult Israeli population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第10期17卷 1332-1335页

作者： Menachem Moshkowitz Noya horowitz Zamir Halpern Erwin Santo Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel-Aviv University

AIM： To evaluate the prevalence and sociodemographics of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） symptoms and to identify treatment patterns among GERD patients. METHODS： A telephone survey of a representative sample of the adult Israeli population was conducted. The questionnaire included detailed sociodemographics, history of GERD symptoms and the various treatments used. RESULTS： The survey included 2027 subjects. Twice weekly, once weekly and monthly GEP, D symptoms were reported by 8.4%, 12.5% and 21.5% of subjects, respectively. There was no difference in prevalence between men and woman; however, GERD symptoms were significantly more prevalent within the older age group and lower socioeconomic status. Among those reporting weekly symptoms, a quarter did not use any kind of therapy and another quarter used various traditional remedies （e.g. soda, milk, almonds, etc.）. Antacids were used by 35.1%, H2 blockers by 13.2% and PPIs by 17.5%. CONCLUSION： We found that 12.5% of the adult Israeli population experience weekly GERD symptoms. GERD prevalence and sociodemographics are similar to those described in other Western countries, and treatment is still suboptimal.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Prevalence Sociodemographics

Upper gastrointestinal function and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5611-5621页

作者： Reawika Chaikomin Christopher K Rayner Karen L Jones Michael horowitz University of Adelaide Department of Medi-cine Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia

Recent evidence has highlighted the impact of glycemic control on the incidence and progression of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications, and on cardiovascular risk in the non-diabetic population. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations make a major contribution to overall glycemic control, and are determined in part by upper gastrointestinal function. Conversely, poor glycemic control has an acute, reversible effect on gastrointestinal motility. Insights into the mechanisms by which the gut contributes to glycemia have given rise to a number of novel dietary and pharmacological strategies designed to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations.

关键词： Blood glucose Diabetes mellitus Gastric Emptying Gastrointestinal motility Hyperglycemia

Gender and tachycardia： independent modulation of platelet reactivity in patients with atrial fibrillation

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第3期13卷 202-208页

作者： Nathan EK Procter Jocasta Ball Doan TM Ngo Jeffrey S Isenberg Elaine M Hylek yuliy y Chirkov Simon Stewart John D horowitz Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research Queen Elizabeth Hospital University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia National Health and Medical Research Council(HMRC) Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease Mary MacKillop Institutefor Health Research Australian Catholic University Melbourne Australia Heart Lung Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Department University of Pittsburgh Pitts-burgh Pennsylvania USA Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA

Background Female patients with atrial fibrillation （AF） experience increased risk of thromboembolism compared to males, an observation that is reflected by its inclusion in the CHA2DS2VASc score. New onset AF （often associated with tachycardia） also confers upon patients increased thromboembolic risk. The mechanisms underlying this risk are uncertain, but new onset AF is associated with profound impairment of platelet nitric oxide （NO） signalling. Given that cardiovascular responses to catecholamines are gender-dependent, and that the presence of tachycardia in new onset AF may represent a response to catecholaminergic stimulation, we explored the potential impact of gender and tachycardia on platelet aggregation and NO signalling. Methods Interactions were sought in 87 AF patients between the extent of adenosine diphosphate （ADP）-induced platelet aggregation, the anti-aggregatory effects of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, gender, and admission heart rate. The potential impact of platelet expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein （Txnip） was also evaluated. Results Analysis ofcovariance confLrmed the presence of physiological antagonism between platelet ADP and NO responses [F （1, 74） = 12.212, P 〈 0.01 ], while female sex correlated with impaired NO responses independent of platelet aggregability [F （2, 74） = 8.313, P 〈 0.01]. Admission heart rate correlated directly with platelet aggregation （r = 0.235, P 〈 0.05）, and inversely with NO response （r = -0.331, P 〈 0.01）. Txnip expression varied neither with gender nor with heart rate. Conclusions These results indicate, that gender and heart rate are independent determinants of platelet fimction. Prospective studies of the putative benefit of reversal of tachycardia on restoration of normal platelet function are therefore a priority.

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Gender Heart rate Nitric oxide Platelet aggregation

Murine neurofibroma reversion by antisense RNA for HTLV-I tax

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Science China(Life Sciences) 1999年第1期42卷 8-16页

作者：李昌本 Mark C.horowitz Nancy H.Ruddle Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale University Schcol of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Neurofibroma cell lines derived from mice transgenic for HTLV-I LTR tax express high levels of HTLV-I tax mRNA and protein and exhibit a transformed phenotype. A retrovirus vector carrying HTLV-I tax cDNA in reversed transcriptional orientation was stably transfected into the neurofibroma cells. Antisense RNA inhibited expression of the tax gene with a decrease of more than 40 % in both tax mRNA and protein. Tax antisense RNA reversed the transformed phenotype as exhibited by dramatic changes in cell morphology and growth characteristics. Expression of several cellular genes which are activated by Tax protein including GM-CSF, IL-6, LT/TNF, c-myc and LIF was down-regulated, while M-CSF and c-src proto-oncogene expressions were up-regulated. Accumulation of β-actin mRNA was not affected. The changes that occurred in the tax antisense expressing neurofibroma cells could be the consequence of the decreased concentration of Tax protein. These results also indicate that HTLV-I Tax protein is crucial for maintaining the transformed cell morphology, growth and proliferation of murine neurofibroma cells and suggest that deregulation of endogenous cellular genes by Tax protein is the mechanism through which neurofibromas occur in tax mice.

关键词： neurofibroma antisense RNA HTLV-I tax cytokine proto-oncogene.

Microfluidics for interrogating live intact tissues

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 538-564页

作者： Lisa F.horowitz Adan D.Rodriguez Tyler Ray Albert Folch Department of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

The intricate microarchitecture of tissues–the“tissue microenvironment”–is a strong determinant of tissue *** offers an invaluable tool to precisely stimulate,manipulate,and analyze the tissue microenvironment in live tissues and engineer mass transport around and into small tissue *** control is critical in clinical studies,especially where tissue samples are scarce,in analytical sensors,where testing smaller amounts of analytes results in faster,more portable sensors,and in biological experiments,where accurate control of the cellular microenvironment is *** also provides inexpensive multiplexing strategies to address the pressing need to test large quantities of drugs and reagents on a single biopsy specimen,increasing testing accuracy,relevance,and speed while reducing overall diagnostic ***,we review the use of microfluidics to study the physiology and pathophysiology of intact live tissues at sub-millimeter *** categorize uses as either in vitro studies–where a piece of an organism must be excised and introduced into the microfluidic device–or in vivo studies–where whole organisms are small enough to be introduced into microchannels or where a microfluidic device is interfaced with a live tissue surface(*** skin or inside an internal organ or tumor)that forms part of an animal larger than the *** microfluidic systems promise to deliver functional measurements obtained directly on intact tissue–such as the response of tissue to drugs or the analysis of tissue secretions–that cannot be obtained otherwise.

关键词： fluid drugs testing

Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists and the management of type 2 diabetes-backwards and forwards

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 326-330页

作者： Michael horowitz Lu Cai Md Shahidul Islam Department of Medicine University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Pediatric Research Institute University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202United States Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa

This editorial is stimulated by the article by Alqifari et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes(2024).Alqifari et al focus on practical advice for the clinical use of glucagon-like-peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in the management of type 2 diabetes and this editorial provides complementary *** initially give a brief historical perspective of the development of GLP-1RAs stimulated by recognition of the‘incretin effect’,the substantially greater insulin increase to enteral when compared to euglycaemic intravenous glucose,and the identification of the incretin hormones,GIP and *** addition to stimulating insulin,GLP-1 reduces postprandial glucose levels by slowing gastric ***-1RAs were developed because native GLP-1 has a very short plasma *** majority of current GLP-1RAs are administered by subcutaneous injection once a *** are potent in glucose lowering without leading to hypoglycaemia,stimulate weight loss in obese individuals and lead to cardiovascular and renal *** landscape in relation to GLP-1RAs is broadening rapidly,with different formulations and their combination with other peptides to facilitate both glucose lowering and weight *** is a need for more information relating to the effects of GLP-1RAs to induce gastrointestinal symptoms and slow gastric emptying which is likely to allow their use to become more effective and personalised.

关键词： Glucagon-like-peptide-1 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide Gastric emptying Type 2 diabetes