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Dysfunction of synaptic endocytic trafficking in Parkinson's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2649-2660页

作者： Xin yi ng Mian Cao Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and dopamine deficiency in the *** precise reasons behind the specific degeneration of these dopamine neurons remain largely *** investigations have identified over 20 causative PARK genes and 90 genomic risk loci associated with both familial and sporadic Parkinson's ***,several of these genes are linked to the synaptic vesicle recycling process,particularly the clathrinmediated endocytosis *** suggests that impaired synaptic vesicle recycling might represent an early feature of Parkinson's disease,followed by axonal degeneration and the eventual loss of dopamine cell bodies in the midbrain via a"dying back"***,several new animal and cellular models with Parkinson's disease-linked mutations affecting the endocytic pathway have been created and extensively *** models faithfully recapitulate certain Parkinson's disease-like features at the animal,circuit,and cellular levels,and exhibit defects in synaptic membrane trafficking,further supporting the findings from human genetics and clinical *** this review,we will first summarize the cellular and molecular findings from the models of two Parkinson's disease-linked clathrin uncoating proteins:auxilin(DNAJC6/PARK19)and synaptojanin 1(SyNJ1/PARK20).The mouse models carrying these two PARK gene mutations phenocopy each other with specific dopamine terminal pathology and display a potent synergistic ***,we will delve into the involvement of several clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related proteins(gAK,endophilin A1,SAC2/INPP5 f,synaptotagmin-11),identified as Parkinson's disease risk factors through genome-wide association studies,in Parkinson's disease *** will also explore the direct or indirect roles of some common Parkinson's disease-linked proteins(alpha-synuclein(PARK1/4),Parkin(PARK2),and LRRK2(PARK

关键词： autophagy auxilin/PARK19 clathrin-mediated endocytosis dopamine neurons neurodegeneration nigrostriatal pathway Parkinson's disease synaptic vesicle recycling synaptojanin1/PARK20

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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura T.zh.Esirkepov B.gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong T.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.yan T.M.Jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.finke g.M.grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan T.Hayakawa y.fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.Tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama y.Kato g.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov T.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI Beamlines facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon Science(KPSI) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan HB11 Energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IfSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic fZU-Institute of Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine ISTEQ AR YerevanArmenia

Tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

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High-Performance and Large-Area Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on NiO_(x) films Enabled with A Novel Microstructure-Control Technology

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 153-159页

作者： guibin Shen Xin Li yuqin Zou Hongye Dong Dongping zhu yanglin Jiang Xin Ren ng fen Lin Peter Müller-Buschbaum Cheng Mu Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Physik-Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle MaterialienTechnische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Straße 185748Garching Germany Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum(MLZ) Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr.185748Garching Germany

The improvement in the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is significantly limited by undesirable contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite *** this study,a novel microstructure-control technology is proposed for fabrication of porous NiO_(x)films using Pluronic P123 as the structure-directing agent and acetylacetone(AcAc)as the coordination *** synthesized porous NiO_(x)films enhanced the hole extraction efficiency and reduced recombination defects at the NiO_(x)/perovskite ***,without any modification,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the PSC with MAPbl_(3)as the absorber layer improved from 16.50%to 19.08%.Moreover,the PCE of the device composed of perovskite Cs0.05(MA_(0.15)fA_(0.85))_(0.95)Pb(I_(0.85)Br_(0.15))_(3)improved from 17.49%to 21.42%.furthermore,the application of the fabricated porous NiO_(x)on fluorine-doped tin oxide(fTO)substrates enabled the fabrication of large-area PSCs(1.2 cm^(2))with a PCE of 19.63%.This study provides a novel strategy for improving the contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface for the fabrication of high-performance large-area perovskite solar cells.

关键词： interfacial contact inverted and large-area perovskite solar cells photovoltaic materials porous NiO_(x)films renewable energy

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An update on hormonal regulation of early embryo-fallopian tube interactions: insights for improvements of assisted reproductive technology outcomes

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2024年第1期8卷 39-49页

作者： Suranga P.Kodithuwakku Ernest H.y.ng William S.B.yeung Kai-fai Lee Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniya 20400Sri Lanka Shenzhen Key Laboratory of fertility Regulation.The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518053China

Human fallopian tubes(fTs)play important roles in the whole reproductive *** are the site for the final maturation of gametes,fertilization,transport of preimplantation embryos,and early embryonic development before entering the *** these functions are critical in the establishment of a successful *** the embryo is in transit through the fT,the fT microenvironment changes through endocrine,paracrine,autocrine,and juxtacrine mechanisms which involve various hormones and bioactive substances mainly from the neighboring ***,the interactions between the embryo and the fT may be the earliest embryo-maternal communications that are essential for the establishment of *** review critically discusses the evidence of various hormonal and bioactive mediated control of the microenvironment in the fTs during the earliest embryo-maternal ***,we highlight existing gaps in the knowledge and the importance of exploring more of the physiology of fTs which will hold the key to producing high-quality embryos for patients seekingin vitro fertilization(IVf)treatments.

关键词： fallopian tube Embryo Maternal-embryo communication Hormonal control

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Quantitative and qualitative subgenomic RNA profiles of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples: A comparison between Omicron BA.2 and non-VOC-D614g

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 218-227页

作者： Zigui Chen Rita Way yin ng grace Lui Lowell Ling Agnes S.y.Leung Chit Chow Siaw Shi Boon Wendy C.S.Ho Maggie Haitian Wang Renee Wan yi Chan Albert Martin Li David Shu Cheong Hui Paul Kay Sheung Chan Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants are notorious for their transmissibility,but little is known about their subgenomic RNA(sgRNA)*** study applied RNA-seq to delineate the quantitative and qualitative profiles of canonical sgRNA of 118 respiratory samples collected from patients infected with Omicron BA.2 and compared with 338 patients infected with non-variant of concern(non-VOC)-D614g.A unique characteristic profile depicted by the relative abundance of 9 canonical sgRNAs was reproduced by both BA.2 and non-VOCD614g regardless of host gender,age and presence of ***,such profile was lost in samples with low viral load,suggesting a potential application of sgRNA pattern to indicate viral activity of individual patient at a specific time point.A characteristic qualitative profile of canonical sgRNAs was also reproduced by both BA.2 and *** presence of a full set of canonical sgRNAs carried a coherent correlation with crude viral load(AUC¼0.91,95%CI 0.88–0.94),and sgRNA ORf7b was identified to be the best surrogate marker allowing feasible routine application in characterizing the infection status of individual *** potentials in using sgRNA as a target for vaccine and antiviral development are worth pursuing.

关键词： Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Non-VOC-D614g RNA-seq Subgenomic RNA(sgRNA)

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Current resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations in Penang Island,Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第10期17卷 445-455页

作者： Kin Hoong ng Wan fatma Zuharah Medical Entomology Laboratory School of Biological SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia11900PenangMalaysia

Objective:To determine the current insecticide resistance status of Aedes(Ae.)aegypti and *** to four insecticides,namely 0.05%deltamethrin,0.75%permethrin,5%malathion and 0.25%pirimiphos-methyl using the World Health Organisation(WHO)susceptibility test ***:Adult bioassays were carried out using the standard protocol of the World Health *** f1 generation urban and suburban field strains of *** and *** were tested against pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides,including the presence of piperonyl butoxide(PBO)in four replicates of 25 non-blood-fed female mosquitoes ranging from 3 to 5 days *** Vector Control Research Unit(VCRU)laboratory strain served as a reference ***:In this study,0.05%deltamethrin demonstrated a lower value of knockdown time when 50%of the mosquito population died(KT50)and knockdown time when 95%of the mosquito population died(KT95),which is significantly more effective compared to 0.75%permethrin against adult female ***(urban and suburban)and ***(urban and suburban)(ANOVA,Pffective insecticide,amounting to the shorter KT50 and KT95 compared to 0.25%pirimiphos-methyl against ***(urban and suburban)and ***(urban and suburban).*** urban and *** suburban performed a higher resistance ratio(RR)towards both 0.05%deltamethrin and 0.75%permethrin due to the wide use of permethrin in dengue vector control programs in ***,*** urban and suburban have lower resistance than *** urban and suburban towards 0.05%deltamethrin and 0.75%permethrin at 24 hours *** addition of PBO with these insecticides successfully reduced knockdown time(KT50 and KT95)values of most of the *** and *** field strains except PBO+0.75%permethrin against *** ***:The addition of PBO to insecticides has significantly reduced the knockdown time(KT50

关键词： Aedes Insecticide resistance Mosquito Organophosphates Pyrethroids Vector control

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miniSCIDOM: a scintillator-based tomograph for volumetric dose reconstruction of single laser-driven proton bunches

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 41-50页

作者： A.Corvino M.Reimold E.Beyreuther f.-E.Brack f.Kroll J.Pawelke J.D.Schilz M.Schneider U.Schramm M.E.P.Umlandt K.Zeil T.Ziegler J.Metzkes-ng Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTUD Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresdenGermany Current affiliation:Institut Curie UniversitéPSLCNRS UMR3347OrsayFrance Current affiliation:Universitätsklinikum freiburg FreiburgGermany

Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material *** spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample *** rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online *** we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOM detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of 100 *** detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton *** experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

关键词： beam monitoring detectors laser-driven proton beams scintillator-based diagnostics ultra-high dose rate

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Microstructure and mechanical behavior of laser aided additive manufactured low carbon interstitial fe_(49.5)Mn_(30)Co_(10)Cr_(10)C_(0.5)multicomponent alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第18期77卷 38-46页

作者： y.Chew Z.g.zhu f.Weng S.B.gao f.L.ng B.y Lee g.J.Bi Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 73 Nanyang Drive637662Singapore School of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 N any ang Avenue639798Singapore

Laser aided additive manufacturing(LAAM)was used to fabricate bulk fe_(49.5)Mn_(30)Co_(10)Cr_(10)C_(0.5)interstitial multicomponent alloy using pre-alloyed *** room temperature yield strength(σ_y),ultimate tensile strength(σ_(UTS))and elongation(ε_(UTS))were 645 MPa,917 MPa and 27.0%*** asbuilt sample consisted of equiaxed and dendritic cellular structures formed by elemental *** cellular structures together with oxide particle inclusions were deemed to strengthen the *** other contributing components include dislocation strengthening,friction stress and grain boundary *** highε_(UTS)was attributed to dislocation motion and activation of both twinning and transformation-induced plasticity(TWIP and TRIP).Tensile tests performed at-40℃and-130℃demonstrated superior tensile strength of 1041 MPa and 1267 MPa ***,almost no twinning was observed in the fractured sample tested at-40℃and-130℃.Instead,higher fraction of strain-induced hexagonal close-packed(HCP)εphase transformation of 21.2%were observed for fractured sample tested at-40℃,compared with 6.3%in fractured room temperature sample.

关键词： Multicomponent alloys Laser aided additive manufacturing Additive manufacturing Microstructure Mechanical property

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Shrinkage Properties of Wool and Acrylic/Wool Plain Knitted fabrics Treated with DC109

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1999年第2期16卷 61-67页

作者： Au K.f ng K.y The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong

This paper examines the effects of shrink - resist treatment, washing cycle and fabric tightness on the shrinkage properties of plain knitted fabrics made from 100% wool, acrylic/wool (50/50) and acrylic/wool (70/30). It was found that shrinkages of both treated and untreated wool fabrics were negatively correlated to fabric tightness and exceeded the IWS shrinkage limits (5% in length and 8 % in area) after 2 - 5A washing cycle. The effect of tightness was not as obvious with acrylic/wool (A/W) fabrics, but the shrinkage was seen to increase with stages of washing cycle for untreated A/W fabrics with some exceeding IWS standard. By applying the DC 109 shrink - resist solvent treatment, it was identified that by with higher percentage of acrylic fibre blended with wool, shrinkage could be reduced considerably and within acceptable limits.

关键词： wool acrylic/wool shrink - resist treatment tightness factor washing cycle .

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The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

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航空动力学报 2007年第6期22卷 933-944页

作者： Wing f.ng Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Instituteand State University

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the *** ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is *** actual linear cascade testing,the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test *** velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D *** numerous published cascade works,the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors,such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow ***,controlling AVDR is limited by the facility ***,real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored *** these facets add complexity and diversification to the *** current paper reviews previous studies and results on *** understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.

关键词：线性叶栅试验轴向速度密度比空气流动叶栅特性

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