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Hierarchical Control Strategy.for Load regulation Based on Stackelberg Game Theory.Considering randomness

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy.Sy.tems 2024年第3期10卷 929-941页

作者： Tingy. Jiang Ping Ju C.y.Chung y.zhong Gong College of Energy.and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong CF624China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada CSEE IEEE

Demand response has been recognized as a valuable functionality.of power sy.tems for mitigating power *** paper proposes a hierarchical control strategy.among the distribution sy.tem operator(DSO),load aggregators(LAs),and thermostatically.controlled loads(TCLs);the strategy.includes a scheduling lay.r and an executive lay.r to provide load *** the scheduling lay.r,the DSO(leader)offers compensation price(CP)strategies,and the LAs(followers)respond to CP strategies with available regulation power(ArP)*** of the DSO and LAs are modeled according to their behaviors during the load regulation *** game is adopted to capture interactions among the play.rs and leader and to obtain the optimal strategy.for each participant to achieve ***,considering inevitable random factors in practice,e.g.,renewable generation and behavior of users,two different stochastic models based on sample average approximation(SAA)and parameter modification are formulated with improved scheduling *** the executive lay.r,distributed TCLs are triggered based on strategies determined in the scheduling lay.r.A self-triggering method that does not violate user privacy.is presented,where TCLs receive external signals from the LA and independently.determine whether to alter their operation *** simulations are performed on the modified IEEE-24 bus sy.tem to verify.effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Demand response hierarchical control load regulation self-triggering method Stackelberg game

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Data-driven Static Equivalence with Phy.ics-informed Koopman Operators

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy.Sy.tems 2024年第1期10卷 432-438页

作者： Wei Lin Changhong Zhao Maosheng Gao C.y.Chung Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

With deploy.ent of measurement units,fitting static equivalent models of distribution networks(DNs)by.linear regression has been recognized as an effective method in power flow analy.is of a transmission *** volatility.of measurements caused by.variable distributed renewable energy.sources makes it more difficult to accurately.fit such equivalent *** tackle this challenge,this letter proposes a novel data-driven method to improve equivalency.accuracy.of DNs with distributed energy.*** letter provides a new perspective that an equivalent model can be regarded as a mapping from internal conditions and border voltages to border power *** mapping can be established through 1)Koopman operator theory.and 2)phy.ical features of power flow equations at the root node of a *** of the proposed method is demonstrated on the IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 136-bus test sy.tems connected to a 661-bus utility.sy.tem.

关键词： Data-driven distribution network Koopman operator theory static equivalent model

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Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stabilizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites by.cry.tal plasticity.finite element method

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： y.B.Zhang S.J.Song F.Liu State Key.Laboratory.of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analy.ical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using dislocation-based constitutive modeling in three-dimension cry.tal plasticity.finite element(3D CPFE)simulations,co-deformation and instability.of hetero-phase interface in different material sy.tems were herein studied for poly.ry.talline metal matrix composites(MMCs).Local stress and strain fields in two ty.es of 3lay.r MMCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/bcc Cu-Nb have been predicted under simple compressive ***,more severe strain-induced interface instability.can be observed in the fcc/bcc sy.tems than in the fcc/fcc sy.tems upon refining to metallic nanolay.red composites(MNCs).By.detailed analy.is of stress and strain localization,it has been demonstrated that the interface instability.is alway. accompanied by.high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermody.amic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase *** then follows that the thermody.amic driving forceG and the kinetic energy.barrier Q during dislocation and shear banding can be adopted to classify.the deformation modes,following the so-called thermo-kinetic *** by.inserting a high density.of high-energy.interfaces into the Cu-Nb composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful establishment of MMCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain distri-bution,thus efficiently.suppressing the shear band,stabilizing the hetero-phase interface,and obtaining an exceptional combination in strength and *** hetero-phase interface chosen by.a couple of thermody.amics and kinetics can be defined as breaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has been proposed for artificially.designing MNCs.

关键词： Thermody.amics and kinetics Phy.ics-based constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Cry.tal plasticity.finite element

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Optimization of chemistry.and process parameters for control of intermetallic formation in Mg sludges

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloy. 2024年第4期12卷 1431-1448页

作者： y.Fu G.G.Wang A.Hu y.Li K.B.Thacker J.P.Weiler H.Hu Department of Mechanical Automotive and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Windsor401 Sunset AveWindsorOntario N9B 3P4Canada Global Technology.Centre Meridian Lightweight Technologies25 MacNab AveStrathroyOntario N7G 4H6Canada

Intermetallic formation in sludge during magnesium(Mg)melting,holding and high pressure die casting practices is a very.important ***,very.often it is overlooked by.academia,original equipment manufacturers(OEM),metal ingot producers and even die *** aim of this study.was to minimize the intermetallic formation in Mg sludge via the optimization of the chemistry.and process *** Al8Mn5 intermetallic particles were identified by.the microstructure analy.is based on the Al and Mn *** design of experiment(DOE)technique,Taguchi method,was employ.d to minimize the intermetallic formation in the sludge of Mg alloy. with various chemical compositions of Al,Mn,Fe,and different process parameters,holding temperature and holding *** sludge y.eld(Sy.and intermetallic size(IS)was selected as two *** optimum combination of the levels in terms of minimizing the intermetallic formation were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,690℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 30 mins for the holding time,*** best combination for smallest intermetallic size were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,630℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 60 mins for the holding time,*** groups of sludge factors,Chemical Sludge(CSF),Phy.ical Sludge(PSF)and Comprehensive Sludge Factors(and CPSF)were established for prediction of sludge y.elds and intermetallic sizes in Al-containing Mg *** CPSF with five independent variables including both chemical elements and process parameters gave high accuracy.in prediction,as the prediction of the PSF with only.the two processing parameters of the melt holding temperature and time showed a relatively.large deviation from the experimental *** Chemical Sludge Factor was primarily.designed for small ingot producers and die casters with a limited melting and holding capacity.of which process parameters could be fixed *** Phy.ical Sludge Factor could be used f

关键词： Magnesium sludge Al-Mn intermetallic Optimization Taguchi method Sludge factor Chemical composition Process parameter

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Mechanisms behind the environmental sensitivity.of carbon fiber reinforced poly.etrafluoroethy.ene(PTFE)

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 997-1015页

作者： Pontus JOHANSSON P.MArKLUND M.BJOrLING y.SHI Division of Machine Element LuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleåSE-97187Sweden

Carbon fiber reinforced poly.etrafluoroethy.ene (CF/PTFE) composites are known for their exceptional tribological performance when sliding against steel or cast iron in inert gas environments. Compared to experiments in humid air, about an order of magnitude lower wear rate and several times lower coefficient of friction have been reported for tests conducted in dry.nitrogen and hy.rogen. Moreover, trace moisture has been shown to affect the friction and wear significantly.of this tribosy.tem, although a possible effect of oxy.en cannot be ruled out due to uncertainties regarding the oxy.en concentrations. While several studies have pointed out the environmental sensitivity.of CF/PTFE, the understanding of the underly.ng mechanisms are very.limited. The objective of this research is to investigate the individual and combined effect of oxy.en and moisture on the tribological behavior of CF/PTFE sliding against steel. Additionally. this study.aims to elucidate the underly.ng mechanisms that govern the environmental sensitivity.of the sy.tem. Climate-controlled three-pin-on-disc experiments were conducted in nitrogen atmospheres at various concentrations of oxy.en and moisture. The tribological results clearly.demonstrate that both moisture and oxy.en contribute to increased friction and wear. However, the adverse effect was much more pronounced for oxy.en than moisture. A qualitative method was developed to estimate the tribofilm coverage on the CF/PTFE surface. results showed strong correlation between high coverage of strongly.adhered tribofilm and low wear rate. Moreover, a loosely.adhered tribofilm was observed on top of the CF/PTFE surface in presence of moisture. FTIr analy.is indicated that the loosely.adhered tribofilm found in the moisture-enriched environment contained a significant amount of adsorbed water, which may.explain the lower coefficient of friction in presence of moisture compared to oxy.en. The adsorbed water in the loosely.adhered tribofilm coul

关键词： poly.er composite tribofilm tribochemistry atmosphere

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Evaluation of Industrial IoT Service Providers with TOPSIS Based on Circular Intuitionistic Fuzzy.Sets

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 715-746页

作者： Elif Çalo˘glu Büy.kselçuk Industrial Engineering Department Fenerbahçe University˙Istanbul34758Turkey

Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)service providers have become increasingly.important in the manufacturing industry.due to their ability.to gather and process vast amounts of data from connected devices,enabling manufacturers to improve operational efficiency.reduce costs,and enhance product *** platforms provide manufacturers with real-time visibility.into their production processes and supply.chains,allowing them to optimize operations and make informed *** addition,IIoT service providers can help manufacturers create new revenue streams through the development of innovative products and services and enable them to leverage the benefits of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI)and machine ***,the implementation of IIoT platforms in the manufacturing industry.is crucial for companies seeking to remain competitive and meet the ever-increasing demands of customers in the digital *** this study.the evaluation criteria to be considered in the selection of IIoT service provider in small andmedium-sized(SME)manufacturing enterprises will be determined and IIoT service providers alternatives will be evaluated using the technique for order preference by.similarity.to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)method based on circular intuitionistic fuzzy.*** on the assessments conducted in accordance with the literature review and expert consultations,a set of 8 selection criteria has been *** criteria encompass industry.expertise,customer support,flexibility.and scalability.security.cost-effectiveness,reliability.data analy.ics,as well as compatibility.and *** evaluating these criteria,it was observed that the security.criterion holds the highest significance,succeeded by.cost-effectiveness,data analy.ics,flexibility.and scalability.reliability.and customer support criteria,in descending order of *** the evaluation of seven distinct alternatives against these criteria,it was deduced tha

关键词： IIoT manufacturing TOPSIS circular intuitionistic fuzzy.sets

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Glutamate and excitotoxicity.in central nervous sy.tem disorders:ionotropic glutamate receptors as a target for neuroprotection

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Neuroprotection 2024年第2期2卷 137-150页

作者： Jorge y.Magdaleno roman Christian Chapa Gonzalez Instituto de Ingenieria y.Tecnologia Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad JuarezCiudad JuarezMexico Grupo de Nanomedicina Laboratorio de Integracionde Datosy Evidenciaen Revisiones de Salud y Ciencia(LIDERSC)Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad JuarezCiudad JuarezMexico

recent advances in neuroscience have illuminated the central role of glutamate dy.regulation in various neurological *** glutamatergic sy.tem has emerged as a central play.r in the pathophy.iology.of various neurological *** dy.regulation of glutamate signaling,leading to excitotoxicity.and neuronal cell death,has been a focal point in understanding the underly.ng mechanisms of these *** has prompted a paradigm shift in neuroprotection research,with a growing emphasis on targeting ionotropic glutamate receptors(iGlurs)to restore glutamatergic *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the field of iGlur-targeted *** further investigate the implications of glutamate dy.regulation in the central nervous sy.tem(CNS)disorders,highlighting the complex interplay.between excitotoxicity.and *** elucidate the multifaceted factors that render neurons vulnerable to excitotoxic damage,emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic *** review provides an extensive survey.of the burgeoning field of iGlur-targeted *** showcases the significant potential of a wide array.of compounds,encompassing both natural and sy.thetic agents,to modulate iGlurs and ameliorate excitotoxicity.and oxidative stress-induced neuronal *** compounds have demonstrated impressive neuroprotective effects in diverse experimental models,from glutamate-induced toxicity.to traumatic brain *** advocate for further research and clinical investigations to harness the full therapeutic potential of iGlur modulation,heralding a promising era in neuroprotection and CNs disorder management.

关键词： central nervous sy.tem excitotoxicity glutamate ionotropic glutamate receptors neuroprotection

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Exponentially.Convergent Multiscale Finite Element Method

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 862-878页

作者： y.fan Chen Thomas y.Hou y.xuan Wang Applied and Computational Mathematics CaltechPasadena 91106USA

We provide a concise review of the exponentially.convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency.wave *** ExpMsFEM is built on the non-overlapped domain decomposition in the classical MsFEM while enriching the approximation space sy.tematically.to achieve a nearly.exponential convergence rate regarding the number of basis *** most generalizations of the MsFEM in the literature,the ExpMsFEM does not rely.on any.partition of unity.*** general,it is necessary.to use function representations dependent on the right-hand side to break the algebraic Kolmogorov n-width barrier to achieve exponential ***,there are online and offline parts in the function representation provided by.the *** online part depends on the right-hand side locally.and can be computed in parallel *** offline part contains basis functions that are used in the Galerkin method to assemble the stiffness matrix;they.are all independent of the right-hand side,so the stiffness matrix can be used repeatedly.in multi-query.scenarios.

关键词： Multiscale method Exponential convergence Helmholtz's equation Domain decomposition Nonlinear model reduction

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Gene therapy.for spinal muscular atrophy.perspectives on the possibility.of optimizing SMN1 delivery.to correct all neurological and sy.temic perturbations

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown rafael J.y.ñez-Muñoz Heidi r.Fuller School of Pharmacy.and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy.SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery.that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately.10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally.classified according to age of sy.ptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy.and severity.vary.ng between ***,SMN2 copy.number is used as a proxy.for the prediction of disease severity.with higher SMN2 copy.number ty.ically.being associated with reduced severity.of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy.number have less severe SMA phenoty.es and vice ***,the etiology.of SMA is further complicated by.other factors,such as non-ty.ical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu y.X.Bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen H.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng M.y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng y.Feng y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han M.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He J.y.He y.He y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.y.Huang y.Huang X.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.M.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.r.Li Xin Li y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.y.Liu r.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.Liu y.N.Liu Q.Luo y.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.r.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei J.C.Qi M.y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.raza D.ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song y..V.Stenkin V.Stepanov y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang r.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang P.H.Wang r.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.y.Wang y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu H.r.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao y.L.Xin y.Xing D.r.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu r.F.Xu r.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.H.y.n J.Z.y.n T.y.n C.W.y.ng C.y.y.ng F.y.ng F.F.y.ng L.L.y.ng M.J.y.ng r.Z.y.ng W.X.y.ng y.H.y.o Z.G.y.o L.Q.y.n N.y.n X.H.y.u Z.y.y.u y.H.y. Q.y.an H.y.e H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.Zhang 不详 Key.Laboratory.of Particle Astrophy.ics&Experimental Phy.ics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University.of Chinese Academy.of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic ray.research Center ChengduChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Phy.ics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Phy.ical Science and Technology.School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy.and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophy.ics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Phy.ics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear research of russian Academy.of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University.of Science and Technology.of China Hefei 230026China State Key.Laboratory.of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key.Laboratory.of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy.Key.Laboratory.of radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key.Laboratory.for research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Phy.ics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key.Laboratory.of Cosmic ray.(Tibet University. Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Phy.ics and Astronomy.Zhuhai)&School of Phy.ics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology.Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary.Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray.emission from the W51 complex is widely.acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic ray.(Crs)accelerated by.the shock of supernova remnant(SNr)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability.of W51C for Crs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory.LHAASO),we report a significant detection ofγray. emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LHAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray.emission from the W51 complex bey.nd 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay.bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray.spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by.a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the Cr proton spectrum,most likely.providing the first evidence of SNrs serving as Cr accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two y.ung star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically.viable to produce the most energeticγray. observed by.*** findings strongly.support the presence of extreme Cr accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic Crs.

关键词： UHE c-ray Cosmic ray. SNr W51C Star clusters

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