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Plant triterpenoid saponins function as susceptibility.factors to promote the pathogenicity.of Botry.is cinerea

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1073-1089页

作者： Francisco j.Escaray.Amelia Felipo-Benavent Cristian j.Antonelli Begona Balaguer Maria Pilar Lopez-Gresa Pablo Vera Instituto de Biologia Molecular y.Celular de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-C.S.l.CCiudad Politecnica de la InnovacionEdificio 8Eacceso GIngeniero Fausto Elios/n46022ValenciaSpain

The gray.mold fungus Botry.is cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species,including high-value *** poly.enous nature and pathogenic success are due to its ability.to perceive host signals in its *** this study.we found that laticifer cells of Euphorbia lathy.is are a source of susceptibility.factors required by.*** to cause ***,poor-in-latex(pil)mutants,which lack laticifer cells,show full resistance to this pathogen,whereas lot-of-latex mutants,which produce more laticifer cells,are *** S factors are triterpenoid saponins,which are widely.distributed natural products of vast structural *** downregulation of laticifer-specific oxy.osqualene cy.lase genes,which encode the first committed step enzy.es for triterpene and,therefore,saponin biosy.thesis,conferred disease resistance to ***,the Medicago truncatula Iha-1 mutant,compromised in triterpenoid saponin biosy.thesis,showed enhanced ***,the application of different purified triterpenoid saponins pharmacologically.complemented the diseaseresistant phenoty.e ofpil and hla-1 mutants and enhanced disease susceptibility.in different plant *** found that triterpenoid saponins function as plant cues that signal transcriptional reprogramming in ***,leading to a change in its growth habit and infection strategy.culminating in the abundant formation of infection cushions,the multicellular appressoria apparatus dedicated to plant penetration and biomass destruction in *** together,these results provide an explanation for how plant triterpenoid saponins function as disease susceptibility.factors to promote *** pathogenicity.

关键词： Euphorbia lathy.is laticifer cell latex appressorium infection cushion necrotrophic fungi

Generalized Hopf Bifurcation in a Delay.Model of Neutrophil Cells Model

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International j.urnal of Modern Nonlinear Theory.and Application 2024年第2期13卷 11-28页

作者： Suqi Ma S. j. Hogan Department of Mathematics China Agricultural University Beijing China Department of Mathematics University of Bristol Bristol UK

The DDE-Biftool software is applied to solve the dy.amical stability.and bifurcation problem of the neutrophil cells model. Based on Hopf point finding with the stability.property.of the equilibrium solution loss, the continuation of the bifurcating periodical solution starting from Hopf point is exploited. The generalized Hopf point is tracked by.seeking for the critical value of free parameter of the switching phenomena of the open loop, which describes the lineup of bifurcating periodical solutions from Hopf point. The normal form near the generalized Hopf point is computed by.Ly.punov-Schimdt reduction scheme combined with the center manifold analy.ical technique. The near dy.amics is classified by.geometrically.different topological phase portraits.

关键词： Generalized Hopf Bifurcation DDE-Biftool Software Norm Form

Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel j.CUSWORTH William j.DAVIES Martin R.MCAINSH Carly.j.STEVENS Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology.Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production sy.tems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality.and quantity. among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly.assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security. where sustainable plasticulture is a key.agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity.in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently. plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity.in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by.this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

Particle elasticity.influences poly.eric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via CD8+T cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah E.Est-Witte Sy.ney.R.Shannon Dennis H.Gong Kaitly. G.Calabresi j.waun j.Harris Kaitly. Storm Edwin j.y.o Ariel Isser Vivek P.j.ni Natalie K.Livingston Mary.O.Omotoso Kelly.Rhodes Elana Ben-Akiva Randall A.Mey.r Zoe T.Hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany.y.Tzeng j.nathan P.Schneck j.rdan j.Green Translational Tissue Engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute for Cell Engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy.ACT)is an immunotherapy.strategy.for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACT,patient-derived ly.phocy.es are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically.impossible for many.*** artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they.have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability.after *** to bioavailability.include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+T cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity.have been shown to vastly.impact the bioavailability.and particle-cell interactions,but this has y.t to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo T-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially.elasticity.can modulate T-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly.ethy.ene)gly.ol hy.rogel particle platform with tunable elasticity.to investigate the impact of elasticity.on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity.on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity protein corona poly.ethy.ene gly.ol)

Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas j.t by.the collision of two laser-driven hy.rody.amic shockwaves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： j.-R.Marquès L.Lancia P.Loiseau P.Forestier-Colleoni M.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli j.Domange F.Hannachi P.Nicolaï M.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University.of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety.Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently.proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by.laser-driven hy.rody.amic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas j.t[Marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study.experimentally.the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by.a high-intensity.picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by.tailoring only.the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by.tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy.exponential spectrum,produced by.Coulomb *** the front side of the gas j.t is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly.enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy.protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by.optical shadowgraphy.of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by.post-processing 3D hy.rody.amic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density.of the plasma slab produced by.tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hy.rody.amic collision

Biomaterials and emerging technologies for tissue engineering and in vitro models

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 237-239页

作者： j.Miguel Oliveira Rui L.Reis 3B’s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

The latest advances in the field of biomaterials have opened new avenues for scientific breakthroughs in tissue engineer-ing which greatly.contributed for the successful translation of tissue engineering products into the market/***-materials are easily.processed to become similar to natural extracellular matrix,making them ideal temporary.supports for mimicking the three-dimensional(3D)microenvironment required for maintaining the adequate cell/tissue functions both in vitro and in vivo^([1]).

关键词： breakthrough biomaterials engineer

Iron regulatory.protein 1: the deadly.switch of ferroptosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 477-478页

作者： Daniel A.Bórquez Pamela j.Urrutia Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Diego PortalesSantiagoChile Institute of Nutrition&Food Technology.INTA) Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism SantiagoChile

Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent cell death:Ferroptosis is a ty.e of regulated necrosis,characterized by.redox-active iron accumulation and increased free radical production derived by.Fenton chemistry.that triggers oxidation of poly.nsaturated fatty.acids in phospholipids,loss of cellular membranes integrity.and leakage of intracellular contents.

关键词： integrity switch Iron

Adenosine A_(2A)receptor blockade attenuates excitotoxicity.in rat striatal medium spiny.neurons during an ischemic-like insult

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 255-257页

作者： Elisabetta Coppi Federica Cherchi Alasdair j.Gibb Department of Neuroscience PsychologyDrug Research and Child HealthUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly Department of Neuroscience Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK

During brain ischemia,excitotoxicity.and peri-infarct depolarization inj.ries occur and cause cerebral tissue ***,anoxic depolarization,consisting of massive neuronal depolarization due to the loss of membrane ion gradients,occurs in vivo or in vitro during an energy.*** neuromodulator adenosine is released in huge amounts during cerebral ischemia and exerts its effects by.activating specific metabotropic receptors,namely.A_(1),A_(2A),A_(2B),and A_(3).The A_(2A)receptor subty.e is highly.expressed in striatal medium spiny.neurons,which are particularly.susceptible to ischemic *** indicates that the A2Areceptors are upregulated in the rat striatum after stroke and the selective antagonist SCH58261 protects from exaggerated glutamate release within the first 4 hours from the insult and alleviates neurological impairment and histological inj.ry.in the following 24 *** recently.added new knowledge to the mechanisms by.which the adenosine A2Areceptor subty.e participates in ischemia-induced neuronal death by.performing patch-clamp recordings from medium spiny.neurons in rat striatal brain slices exposed to oxy.en and glucose *** demonstrated that the selective block of A2Areceptors by.SCH58261 significantly.reduced ionic imbalance and delay.d the anoxic depolarization in medium spiny.neurons during oxy.en and glucose deprivation and that the mechanism involves voltage-gated K+channel modulation and a presy.aptic inhibition of glutamate release by.the A2Areceptor *** present review summarizes the latest findings in the literature about the possibility.of developing selective ligands of A2Areceptors as advantageous therapeutic tools that may.contribute to counteracting neurodegeneration after brain ischemia.

关键词： adenosine A_(2A)receptors anoxic depolarization brain ischemia glutamate excitotoxicity medium spiny.neurons oxy.en and glucose deprivation

Does MgSO_(4) protect the preterm brain?Dissecting its role in the pathophy.iology.of hy.oxic ischemic encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1861-1862页

作者： Robert Galinsky.Laura Bennet Alistair j.Gunn The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gy.aecology Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Phy.iology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Mitigating preterm encephalopathy.continues to be one of the greatest challenges in perinatal *** encephalopathy.is associated with high mortality.serious morbidity.and significant socio-economic impacts on the individuals,their families,and public health sectors and welfare sy.tems that last a *** cost of disability.associated with preterm brain inj.ry.continues to *** of this inj.ry.and disability.would significantly.reduce this socioeconomic burden.

关键词： encephalopathy mortality hy.oxic