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Implications of de Facto Reuse on Future Regulatory.Developments for Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority.in Okatie, South Carolina, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第2期15卷 173-192页

作者： Tricia H. Kilgore Shubhashini Oza Jeremy.Hatfield Katherine y. Bell Department of Technology.and Innovation Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Okatie SC USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Charlotte NC USA Department of Digital Solutions Brown and Caldwell Cleveland OH USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

A significant portion of the national water supply.can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately. the contribution of Water Resource Recovery.Facility.(WRRF) effluent to waters that supply.drinking water treatment plants has been documented by.some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by.upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently. the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may.be much higher because of population growth. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority.(BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by.disposal limitations and challenges. Currently. South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study.conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately.4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally.observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human h

关键词： Water Reuse De Facto Reuse Planned Potable Reuse Water Recy.ling Wastewater Derived Contaminants

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Growth of RB Population in the Conversion Phase of Chlamy.ia Life Cy.le

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 90-112页

作者： Frederic y.M.Wan Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697-3875USA

Upon infecting a host cell,the reticulate body.RB)form of the Chlamy.ia bacteria simply.proliferates by.binary.fission for an extended *** data show only.RB units in the infected cells 20 hours post infection(hpi),spanning nearly.half way.through the development *** data collected every.4 hpi,conversion to the elementary.body.EB)form begins abruptly.at a rapid rate sometime around 24 *** modeling proliferation and conversion as simple birth and death processes,it has been shown that the optimal strategy.for maximizing the total(mean)EB population at host cell ly.is time is a bang-bang control qualitatively.replicating the observed conversion ***,the simple birth and death model for the RB proliferation and conversion to EB deviates in a significant way.from the available data on the evolution of the RB population after the onset of RB-to-EB *** working with a more refined model that takes into account a small size threshold eligibility.requirement for conversion noted in the available data,we succeed in removing the deficiency.of the previous models on the evolution of the RB population without affecting the optimal bang-bang conversion strategy.

关键词： Chlamy.ia Life cy.le Optimal control Maximal infectious spread Specie competitive survival

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Cognition on oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloy.GH4742 when exposed to water vapor

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第7期174卷 15-22页

作者： H.Xu S.F.y.ng E.H.Wang C.y.Guo y.S.Liu X.M.Hou y.L.Zhang State Key.Laboratory.of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute for Carbon Neutrality University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloy.GH4742 exposed to water vapor was investigated at 900-1100℃for 50 h in Ar+20%H_(2)O,with Ar+20%O_(2)included for *** presence of H_(2)O is adverse to formation of continuous Cr_(2)O_(3)oxide lay.r but contributes to generation of big *** on this,Ni^(2+)and Co^(2+)are more easily.to diffuse towards the outermost oxide lay.r(OOL),forming non-protective Ni-and Co-rich oxides with high *** leads to a higher weight gain in Ar+20%H_(2)O than that in Ar+20%O_(2).At elevated temperatures,the spallation of oxide scale occurs while the consumption of Cr is reduced in Ar+20%H_(2)O,and the contents of Ni-and Co-rich oxides at this moment are reduced in the *** oxidation mechanism was also discussed.

关键词： GH4742 Superalloy H_(2)O Diffusion Oxidation Mechanism

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Treatment of Prostatorectal Fistula by.Transanorectal Route: About an Observation

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第4期14卷 262-266页

作者： Mohamed Mahmoud Bey. Ahmed Salem Terouzi y. Tfeil Diagana Mouhamadou Urology.Department Cheikh Zayed Hospital Nouakchott Mauritania

This is a 54-y.ar-old patient admitted for the management of urinary.leakage through the anus that had been occurring for a month, in whom the diagnosis of a prostatorectal fistula was made. The fistula was successful... 详细信息

关键词： Fistula Prostate Rectum y.rk Masson

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Actuality.and underly.ng mechanisms of sy.temic immuneinflammation index and geriatric nutritional risk index prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第2期16卷 260-265页

作者： Konstantin y.Tchilikidi Department of Surgery.with Postgraduate Education Altai State Medical UniversityBarnaul 656031Russia

This editorial contains comments on the article“Correlation between preoperative sy.temic immune inflammation index,nutritional risk index,and prognosis of radical resection of liver cancer”in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal *** pointed out the actuality.and importance of the article and focused primarily.on the underly.ng mechanisms making the sy.temic immuneinflammation index(SII)and geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI)prediction features *** are few publications on both SII and GNRI together in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and patient prognosis after radical *** release cy.okines,chemokines,and enzy.es,degrade extracellular matrix,reduce cell adhesion,and create conditions for tumor cell *** promote the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells,through phy.ical *** results in the migration of tumor ***-angiogenic factors from platelets enhance tumor angiogenesis to meet tumor cell supply.*** can form a protective film on the surface of tumor *** allows avoiding blood flow damage as well as immune sy.tem *** also induces the epithelial-mesenchy.al transformation of tumor cells that is critical for *** SII is also associated with macro-and microvascular invasion and increased numbers of circulating tumor cells.A high GNRI was associated with significantly.better progression-free and overall *** patients are a very.special population that requires increased *** and GNRI have significant survival prediction value in both palliative treatment and radical surgery.*** underly.ng mechanisms of their possible predictive properties lie in the field of essential cancer *** features provide tumor nutrition,growth,and distribution throughout the body.such as vascular *** the other hand,they.are tied to the possibility.of patients to resist tumor progression and development of complications in bot

关键词： Sy.temic immune-inflammation index Geriatric nutritional risk index Radical surgery Transarterial chemoembolization Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognosis

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Ex vivo liver resection and auto-transplantation and special sy.temic therapy.in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma treatment

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 635-640页

作者： Konstantin y.Tchilikidi Department of Surgery.with Postgraduate Education Altai State Medical UniversityBarnaul 656031Russia

This editorial contains comments on the article“Sy.tematic sequential therapy.for ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation:A case report and review of li-terature”in the recent issue of World Journal of Gastrointestinal *** points out the actuality.and importance of the article and focuses primarily.on the role and place of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation(ELRAT)and sy.temic therapy.underly.ng molecular mechanisms for targeted therapy.in perihilar cho-langiocarcinoma(pCCA)*** is a tough malignancy.with a high proportion of advanced disease at the time of *** only.curative option is radical *** excision and reconstruction become extremely.com-plicated and not alway. could be performed even in localized *** the other hand,ELRAT takes its place among surgical options for carefully.selected pCCA *** advanced disease,sy.temic therapy.becomes a viable option to prolong *** editorial describes current possibilities in chemotherapy.and reveals underly.ng mechanisms and projections in targeted therapy.with ki-nase inhibitors and immunotherapy.in both palliative and adjuvant ***-broblast grow factor and fibroblast grow factor receptor,human epidermal grow-th factor receptor 2,isocitrate dehy.rogenase,and protein kinase cAMP activated cataly.ic subunit alpha(PRKACA)and beta(PRKACB)pathway. have been ac-tively.investigated in CCA in last *** agents were introduced and approved by.the Food and Drug *** all demonstrated mean-ingful activity.in CCA patients with no global change in *** is why.every.successfully.treated patient counts,especially.those with advanced *** conclusion,pCCA is still hard to treat due to late diagnosis and extremely.complicated surgical *** also brings some hope,but it could be performed in very.carefully.selected *** disease requires sy.temic anticancer treatment,which is supposed to be indivi

关键词： Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma Klatskin’tumor Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Targeted therapy

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Quantum correlations and entanglement in coupled optomechanical resonators with photon hopping via Gaussian interferometric power analy.is

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Chinese Phy.ics B 2024年第5期33卷 204-211页

作者： y.Lahlou B.Maroufi M.Daoud LPHE-MS Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco LPMS Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKénitraMorocco

Quantum correlations that surpass entanglement are of great importance in the realms of quantum information processing and quantum ***,for quantum sy.tems prepared in pure states,it is difficult to differentiate between quantum entanglement and quantum ***,this indistinguishability.is no longer holds for mixed *** contribute to a better understanding of this differentiation,we have explored a simple model for both generating and measuring these quantum *** study.concerns two macroscopic mechanical resonators placed in separate Fabry.Pérot cavities,coupled through the photon hopping *** sy.tem offers a comprehensively.way.to investigate and quantify.quantum correlations bey.nd entanglement between these mechanical *** key.ingredient in analy.ing quantum correlation in this sy.tem is the global covariance *** forms the basis for computing two essential metrics:the logarithmic negativity.E_(N)^(m))and the Gaussian interferometric power(P_(G)^(m)).These metrics provide the tools to measure the degree of quantum entanglement and quantum correlations,*** study.reveals that the Gaussian interferometric power(P_(G)^(m))proves to be a more suitable metric for characterizing quantum correlations among the mechanical modes in an optomechanical quantum sy.tem,particularly.in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.

关键词： quantum correlations entanglement Gaussian interferometric power logarithmic negativity optomechanics photon hopping

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Primary.and Secondary.Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry.Impacts

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhy.y. Martha J. M. Wells Katherine y. Bell Brown and Caldwell New York NY USA Brown and Caldwell Irvine CA USA EnviroChem Services Cookeville TN USA Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both primary.and secondary. is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory.actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosy.tems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community.has advanced regulatory.efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary.and secondary.microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory.frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory.agencies and their roles in advancing policy.and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory.frameworks.

关键词： Microplastic Regulation Environmental Governance Plastic Pollution Mitigation Regulatory.Framework

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Numerical Modeling of Mass Transfer in the Interaction between River Biofilm and a Turbulent Boundary.Lay.r

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Open Journal of Fluid Dy.amics 2024年第1期14卷 1-23页

作者： Falilou Coundoul Evrad M. D. Ngom Frédéric y. Moulin Institut Poly.echnique de Saint-Louis Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse UMR 5502-Université de Toulouse Occitanie France

In this article dedicated to the modeling of vertical mass transfers between the biofilm and the bulk flow, we have, in the first instance, presented the methodology.used, followed by.the presentation of various results obtained through analy.es conducted on velocity.fields, different fluxes, and overall transfer coefficients. Due to numerical constraints (resolution of relevant spatial scales), we have restricted the analy.is to low Schmidt numbers (Sc=0.1, Sc=1, and Sc=10) and a single roughness Rey.olds number (Re*=150). The analy.is of instantaneous concentration fields from various simulations revealed logarithmic concentration profiles above the canopy. In this zone, the concentration is relatively.homogeneous for longer times. The analy.is of results also showed that the contribution of molecular diffusion to the total flux depends on the Schmidt number. This contribution is negligible for Schmidt numbers Sc≥0.1, but nearly.balances the turbulent flux for Sc=0.1. In the canopy. the local Sherwood number, given by.the ratio of the total flux (within or above the canopy. to the molecular diffusion flux at the wall, also depends on the Schmidt number and varies significantly.between the canopy.and the region above. The exchange velocity. a purely.hy.rody.amic parameter, is independent of the Schmidt number and is on the order of 10% of in the present case. This study.also reveals that nutrient absorption by.organisms near the wall depends on the Schmidt number. Such absorption is facilitated by.lower Schmidt numbers.

关键词： Epilithic Biofilm Passive Scalar Transport Direct Numerical Simulation Navier-Stokes

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Hard y.t tough and self-lubricating(CuNiTiNbCr)C_(x) high-entropy.nanocomposite films:Effects of carbon content on structure and properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第6期173卷 20-30页

作者： y.T.Li X.M.Chen X.K.Zeng M.Liu X.Jiang y.X.Leng Key.Laboratory.of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Key.Laboratory.of Noise and Vibration Research Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key.Laboratory.of Acoustics Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Mianyang Teachers’CollegeMianyang 621000China

The single-phase high-entropy.alloy.film is difficult to meet severe friction conditions due to its low hardness and high friction ***-composite structure film is composed of at least two separated phases,showing the properties of strength and toughness integration and excellent wear *** design of nanocomposite structures can effectively.improve the mechanical properties and tribological properties of high-entropy.alloy.*** this study.the(CuNiTiNbCr)C_(x) nanocomposite high-entropy.films(HEFs)integrated with high hardness,high toughness,and self-lubrication were sy.thesized by.the double-target co-sputtering *** effect of carbon content on microstructure,mechanical properties,and tribological properties of(CuNiTiNbCr)C_(x) films was *** the increase of carbon content in the HEFs,the carbon atoms preferentially.react with Ti,Nb,and Cr to form a(TiNbCr)C ceramic-reinforced phase,and then the excess carbon atoms precipitate in the form of amorphous carbon(a-C)lubricating phase in the *** structure of the HEFs changes from an amorphous structure to a nanocomposite structure of amorphous(amorphous CuNiTiNbCr phase+a-C phase)/nanocry.talline(TiN-bCr)C *** the carbon content is about 21.2 at.%,the carbide phase in the film reaches saturation and the hardness and modulus of the films are highest,which are 18 GPa and 228 GPa,*** HEFs with a carbon content of 44.0 at.%show the best toughness and tribological properties with a friction coefficient of 0.16 and a wear rate of 2.4×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N m),which is mainly.attributed to the excellent resistance to fatigue crack growth and the interfacial lubricating lay.r formed in the friction *** nanocomposite(CuNiTiNbCr)C_(x) HEFs show very.promising application prospect in the field of friction protection.

关键词： High-entropy.films Nanocomposite Double-target co-sputtering Strengthening-toughening Tribological properties

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