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Spatio-Temporal Effect on Soil Respiration in Fine-Scale Patches in a Desert Ecosy.tem

Pedosphere 2006年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者： S. PEN-MOURATOV M. RAKHIMBAEV y. steinberger Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 (Israel) Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 (Israel) Institute of Botany Tashkent (Uzbekistan)

Soil organisms in terrestrial sy.tems are unevenly.distributed in time and space, and often aggregated. Spatiotemporal patchiness in the soil environment is thought to be crucial for the maintenance of soil biodiversity. providing diverse microhabitats tightly.interweaving with resource partitioning. Determination of a ＂scale unit＂ to help understand ecological processes has become one of the important and most debatable problems in recent y.ars. A fieldwork was carried out in the northern Negev Desert highland, Israel to determine the influence of fine-scale landscape patch moisture heterogeneity.on biogeochemical variables and microbial activity.linkage in a desert ecosy.tem. The results showed that the spatio-temporal patchiness of soil moisture to which we attribute influential properties, was found to become more heterogenic with the decrease in soil moisture availability.（from 8.2 to 0.4 g kg^-1） toward the hot, dry.seasons, with coefficient of variation （CV） change amounting to 66.9%. Spatio-temporal distribution of organic matter （OM） and total soluble nitrogen （TSN） was found to be relatively.uniformly.distributed throughout the wet seasons （winter and spring）, with increase of relatively.high heterogeneity.toward the dry.seasons （from 0.25% to 2.17% for OM, and from 0 to 10.2 mg kg^-1 for TSN） with CV of 47.4% and 99.7% for OM and TSN, respectively. Different spatio-temporal landscape patterns were obtained for Ca （CV = 44.6%）, K （CV = 34.4%）, and Na （CV = 92%） ions throughout the study.period. CO2 evolution （CV = 48.6%） was found to be of lower heterogeneity.（vary.ng between 2 and 39 g CO2-C g^-1 dry.soil h^-1） in the moist seasons, e.g., winter and spring, with lower values of respiration coupled with high heterogeneity.of Na^＋ and low levels of TSN and organic matter content, and with more homogeneity.in the dry.seasons （vary.ng between 1 and 50 g CO2-C g^-1 dry.soil h^-1）. Our results elucidate the heterogeneity.and complexity.of desert sy.tem habitats

关键词： desert microbial respiration patchiness small-scale habitat soil

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Soil Biota in the Arava Valley.of Negev Desert,Israel

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Pedosphere 2010年第3期20卷 273-284页

作者： S. PEN-MOURATOV T. My.LAT I. SHAMIR G. BARNESS y. steinberger The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University

Soil microorganism biomass and respiration and the soil nematode community.were observed in the hy.ersaline desert valley.that is found between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. The lowest point of the valley.is approximately.400 m below sea level, and is the lowest point on earth. Soil samples (n = 72) were collected from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil lay.rs at different altitudes (from -400 to +100 m) in the open spaces between plants during one of the most extreme xeric periods. Both soil microbial respiration and microbial biomass were found to be negatively.dependent on soil moisture (SM) and organic matter (OM), and positively.dependent on pH values. The phy.ical-chemical characteristics of this hy.ersaline area were extremely.unfavorable for the soil nematode communities, and the nematodes were entirely.absent in the open area below sea level. The bacterivores were found to be the most resistant nematodes in this hy.erarid region, with the Wilsonema being the most widespread genus. We suggest that nitrogen availability.may.play.a crucial role in the below-ground soil interaction in this region, with bacterivore nematodes as indicators of nitrogen availability.

关键词： Dead Sea microbial biomass nematode community respiration trophic groups

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Micro-Arthropods in the Surroundings of Nests of Messor arenarius Ants in the Negev Desert in Israel

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第7期14卷 563-570页

作者： Ittai Warburg y.sef steinberger The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel

The present research investigated a segment of the micro-arthropod populations residing within nests of Messor arenarius ants in the Negev Desert of Israel. The total frequencies of micro-arthropods in the chaff of those ants’ nests were found to be higher than in the surrounding soil of the same nests. Acari (mites) were observed to be more abundant during the spring season, whereas their presence decreased during the summer months. Springtails (Collembola) were found to follow the Acari pattern, commonly.found within the nests of those ants during spring but were absent during summer. Psocoptera order inhabiting soil habitats were infrequently.encountered during spring, but their prevalence increased significantly.during summer, particularly.within the chaff of the ants’ nests, suggesting that chaff is their primary.food source in the Negev Desert. Our research suggests that shifts in seasonality.have important consequences on the distribution of soil invertebrate communities with implications on nutrient cy.ling.

关键词： Ants Arid Region Harvesters Micro-Arthropods

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Soil Microbial Population in the Vicinity.of the Bean Caper(Zy.ophy.lum dumosum)Root Zone in a Desert Sy.tem

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Pedosphere 2007年第6期17卷 758-765页

作者： I.SHMUELI G.BARNESS y.steinberger The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900(Israel)

The aim of the current study.was to gain a better understanding of the changes in soil microbial biomass and basal respiration dy.amics in the vicinity.of the bean caper （Zy.ophy.lura duraosura） perennial desert shrub and the inter-shrub sites. Microbial biomasses as well as basal respiration were found to be significantly.greater in the soil samples taken beneath the Z. duraosura shrubs than from the inter-shrub sampling sites, with no differences between the two sampling lay.rs （0-10 and 10-20 cm） throughout the study.period. However, seasonal changes were observed due to autumn dew formation, which significantly.affected microbial biomass and basal respiration in the upper-lay.r inter-shrub locations. The calculated metabolic coefficient （qCO2） revealed significant differences between the two sampling sites as well as between the two soil lay.rs, elucidating the abiotic effect between the sites throughout the study.period. The substrate availability.index was found to significantly.demonstrate the differences between the two sites, elucidating the significant contribution of Z. duraosura in food source availability.and in moderating harsh abiotic components. The importance of basal microbial parameters and the derived indices as tools demonstrated the importance and need for basic knowledge in understanding plant-soil interactions determined by.an unpredictable and harsh desert environment.

关键词： basal respiration desert microbial biomass root zone soil

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Micro-Arthropods in the Surroundings of Nests of Messor arenarius Ants in the Negev Desert in Israel

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Open Journal of Ecology.生态学期刊） 2024年第7期 563页

作者： Ittai Warburg y.sef steinberger

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Fungal Community.Plant Litter Decomposition Relationships Along a Climate Gradient

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 437-449页

作者： C.SHERMAN I.GRISHKAN G.BARNESS y.steinberger The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 5290002(Israel) Institute of Evolution University of HaifaMount CarmelHaifa 31905(Israel)

The decomposition of plant litter is a major process of equivalent status to primary.production in ecosy.tem *** spatiotemporal changes in the composition and dy.amics of litter fungal community.along a climate gradient ranging from arid desert to humid-Mediterranean regions in Israel was examined using wheat straw litter bags placed at four selected sites along the climate gradient,arid,semi-arid,Mediterranean,and humid-Mediterranean *** samples were collected over a two-y.ar decomposition period to evaluate litter weight loss,moisture,C:N ratio,fungal composition,and isolate *** litter decomposition rate was found to be the highest during the first y.ar of the study.at the Mediterranean and arid *** the Shannon-Wiener index values of the fungal communities in the litter samples were the highest at the humid-Mediterranean site,the number of fungal species was not significantly.different between the four study.*** fungal groups were found to be related to different study.sites:Basidiomy.ota,Mucoromy.otina,and teleomorphic Ascomy.ota were associated with the humid-Mediterranean site,while Coelomy.etes were mostly.affected by.the arid *** results indicate that climate factors play.an important role in determining the structure of saprotrophic fungal communities in the decomposing litter and in mediating plant litter decomposition processes.

关键词： arid desert community.structure fungal diversity litter bag Mediterranean region saprotrophic fungi Shannon-Wiener index

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Diversity.and Dy.amics of Soil Free-Living Nematode Populations in a Mediterranean Agroecosy.tem

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Pedosphere 2005年第2期15卷 204-215页

作者： LIANGWen-Ju I.LAVIAN S.PEN-MOURATOV y.steinberger Faculty.fLifeSciences Bar-IlanUniversityRamat-Gan52900（Israel）.／／InstituteofAppliedEcologyChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016（China） Faculty.fLifeSciences Bar-IlanUniversityRamat-Gan52900（Israel）

To determine the effect of agricultural management on the dy.amics and functional diversity.of soil nematode communities in a carrot field at Kibbutz Ramat Hakovesh, Israel, soil samples from 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths were collected during the growing season of carrot. Indices were used to compare and assess the response of soil free-living nernatode communities to agricultural management. Eighteen nematode families and 20 genera were observed during the growing period, with Cephalobus, Rhabditidae, Aphelenchus, Ty.enchus, and Dory.aimus being the dominant genera/families. During the planting, mid-season and post-harvest periods the total number of nematodes at both depths was significantly.lower (P y.higher in the treatment plots (P y.index (MI) at both depths were found to be significantly.lower in the treatment plots than in the control plots during the pre-planting period (P y.tem

关键词： agricultural management carrot-growing season diversity maturity.index nematode community

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Ground-active arthropod responses to rainfall-induced dune microhabitats in a desertified steppe ecosy.tem,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第4期8卷 632-646页

作者： LIU Rentao ZHU Fan y.sef steinberger Key.Laboratory.for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosy.tem in Northwestern China of Ministry.of Education Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China The Mina&Everard Goodman Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 52900Israel

Different microhabitats along dune slope were found to affect the distribution of plant performances and soil properties in desertified ecosy.tems. However, the ground-active arthropod responses to rainfall-induced dune microhabitats were largely.unknown in desertified regions. At dune top, midslope and bottom, ground-active arthropods were sampled by.the method of pitfall traps in addition to the herbaceous and soil measurements during spring, summer and autumn from 2012 to 2013. Ground-active arthropod had a strong dy.amics in time, seasonally.and y.arly.in responses to rainfall-induced dune microhabitats and the variations were significant higher than those of soil and herbaceous properties. The abundance distribution of dominant taxa （i.e. Melolonthidae, Carabidae, Glaphy.idae, Tenebrionidae and Formicidae families） among dune microhabitats was similar between seasons within the same y.ar, whereas they.differed markedly.between two sampling y.ars with vary.ng rainfall patterns. A significant （P〈0.05） difference in total abundance, taxa richness and Shannon index among dune microhabitats was found only.in certain season time, particularly.in 2013; however, no significant （P〉0.05） differences were found among dune microhabitats when averaged on three sampling seasons within the y.ar of either 2012 or 2013. In all, the taxonomical structure differed considerably.from the community.structure in ground-active arthropod response to rainfall-induced dune microhabitats. The spatial distribution of taxonomical groups among dune microhabitats was significantly.affected by.inter-annual rainfall changes, whereas that of community.structure was affected by.both intra- and inter-annual rainfall changes in desertified ecosy.tems.

关键词： ground-active arthropod spatial distribution desertified region dune microhabitat rainfall change

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Seasonal Effect of Geomorphological Chronosequence Features on Soil Biota Dy.amics

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Pedosphere 2010年第6期20卷 761-770页

作者： S.PEN-MOURATOV N.GENZER N.SHUKUROV J.PLAKHT y.steinberger The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Institute of Geology.and Geophy.ics Academy of Sciences Ramon Science Center Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the Negev

Numerous studies have been devoted to the phy.ical-chemical weathering processes leading to the creation of unique soil formations having their own history.that induce soil-biotic ***,the extent to which unique geomorphic formations influence soil biotic seasonal variation is not *** aim was to define seasonal variations of soil biota in soils of different-aged terraces of the Makhtesh Ramon anticline erosional cirque in southern *** strong effect of Makhtesh Ramon (Ramon crater) erosional fluvial terrace age initiated by.climatic changes during the Late Pleistocene- Early.Holocene period on seasonal variations in both soil properties and the abundance and composition of soil biota were ***,age dependence was not constant and values for observed soil properties and microbial activity.were negligible between y.unger and older terraces for certain seasons,while free-living nematodes along with bacterial-feeding group were strongly.dependent on the geomorphic features of the ages throughout the study.period.

关键词： geomorphic formation Makhtesh Ramon microbial biomass nematode community trophic group

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Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Microarthropod Communities in the Negev Desert

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 451-461页

作者： Haggai WASSERSTROM Walter G.WHITFORD y.sef steinberger The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty.of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range MSC 3JER New Mexico State University

Desert ecosy.tems are characterized by.sparse vegetation that affects both abiotic parameters and soil biota along the soil profile. This study.was conducted in 2010-2011 in a loess plain in the northern Negev Desert highlands, Israel, to test two main hy.otheses： 1） the abundance and diversity.of microarthropods would vary.seasonally.in the top 30-cm soil lay.r, but would be relatively.stable at soil depths between 30 and 50 cm and 2） soil microarthropods would be more abundant in soils under shrubs with large litter accumulations than under shrubs with less litter or bare soil. Soil samples were collected each season from the 0-50 cm profile at 10-cm intervals under the canopies of Hammada scoparia and Zy.ophy.lum dumosum and from the bare interspa^es between them. Soil moisture and soil organic carbon in the top 30-cm lay.rs varied seasonally. but there was little variation in the soil lay.rs deeper than 30 cm. Soil mites were most abundant in the top 30-cm soil lay.r in autumn and winter, with the highest number of families found in winter. There were no differences in soil microarthropod abundance attributable to the presence or absence of shrubs of either species. The microarthropod communities of the microhabitats studied consisted of Acari, Psocoptera, and Collembola. The Acari were mostly.identified to the family.level and were dominated by.Oribatida （55%） and Prostigmata （41%） in all seasons and microhabitats, while the psocopterans were most abundant in summer. These results are opposite to those obtained in other studies in similar xeric environments. Moreover, our findings were not in line with our hy.othesis that a better microhabitat play.d a major role in microarthropod community.composition, diversity. and density.

关键词： microhabitat seasonality shrub soil depth soil mites soil moisture soil organic carbon

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