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Utility and Safety of Intrathecal Methotrexate Treatment in Severe Anti-N-methyI-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis： A Pilot Study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第2期131卷 156-160页

作者： xun-zhe yang Hua-Dong Zhu Hai-Tao Ren Yi-Cheng Zhu Bin Peng Li-Ying Cui Hong-Zhi Guan Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China Department of Emergency Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China Center of Neuroscience Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China

Background： Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor （anti-NMDAR） encephalitis is a treatable autoimmune neurologic syndrome that occurs with or without tumor association. However, some severe cases are refractory to systemic immunotherapy. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the utility and safety of intrathecal methotrexate injection for severe patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who did not respond to first-line immunotherapy. Methods： Intrathecal injections with methotrexate and dexamethasone were performed weekly in four legible patients within consecutive 4 weeks. Cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） was collected at baseline and each time of intrathecal injection lbr identification of anti-NMDAR antibody titers. Results： Significant clinical improvement was observed in three patients associated with a stepwise decrease of CSF anti-NMDAR antibody titers （maximum： 1/320 to minimum： 1/10）. After 2 months of follow-up, they were able to follow simple commands and had appropriate interactions with people （modified Rankin scale [mRS] of 0-2）. At 12 months of follow-up, they all had returned to most activities of daily life （.mRS of 0）, and no relapses were reported. One patient showed no clinical improvement and died of neurologic complications. Conclusions： lntrathecal treatment may be a potentially useful supplementary therapy in severely affected patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Further large cohort study and animal experiment may help us elaborate the utility of intrathecal injection of methotrexate and its mechanism of action.

关键词： Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Injections Methotrexate

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Limbic Encephalitis Associated with Anti-y-aminobutyric Acid B Receptor Antibodies： A Case Series from China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第22期128卷 3023-3028页

作者： Hong-Zhi Guan Hai-Tao Ren xun-zhe yang Qiang Lu Bin Peng Yi-Cheng Zhu Xiao-Qiu Shao Yong-Qiang Hu Dong Zhou Li-Ying Cui Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China Department of Neurology Beijing You'anmen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100054 China Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China

Background： Autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor （GABABR） in patients with limbic encephalitis （LE） was first described in 2010. We present a series of klan Chinese patients tbr further clinical refinement. Methods： Serum and cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） samples from patients referred to the program of encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndrome of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were tested with indirect immunofluorescence. Clinical information of patients with anti-GABABR antibody positivity was retrospectively reviewed, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results： All eighteen anti-GABABR antibody-positive cases had limbic syndromes, and electroencephalogram （EEG） or neuroimaging evidence fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of LE. Four patients had additional antibodies against Hu in serum and one had anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody in both sera and CSF. Seventeen （17/18） patients presented with new-onset refractory seizure or status epileptics. Twelve （12/18） patients had memory deficits, 11 （11/18） patients had personality change, 7 （7/18） patients had disturbance of consciousness, and 3 （3/18） patients showed cerebellar dysfunction. One patient with LE had progressive motor and sensory polyneuropathy. Lung cancer was detected in 6 （6/18） patients. Ten （10/18） patients showed abnormality in bilateral or unilateral mediotemporal region on magnetic resonance imaging. Ten （10/18） patients had temporal lobe epileptic activity with or without general slowing on EEG. Seventeen patients received immunotherapy and 15 of them showed neurological improvement. Four patients with lung cancer died within 1-12 months due to neoplastic complications. Conclusions： Our study demonstrates that most Han Chinese patients with anti-GABABR antibody-associated LE have prominent refractory epilepsy and show neurological improvement on immunotherapy. Patients with underlying lung tumor have a relatively poor

关键词： Anti-γ-aminobutyric Acid B Receptor Antibody Autoimmune: Limbic Encephalitis Seizure

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Introduction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2013年第1期28卷 43-43页

作者： xun-zhe yang Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) in adults is a common disease,usually associated with cardiovascular disease and metabolic *** involving many medical disciplines,it is often overlooked by *** the past two decades,the pop... 详细信息

关键词：睡眠呼吸暂停阻塞成人心血管疾病 OSA 代谢综合征危险因素代谢紊乱

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Reversible Mn^(2+)/Mn^(4+)double-electron redox in P3-type layer-structured sodium-ion cathode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 79-88,I0004页

作者： Jie Zeng Jian Bao Ya Zhang xun-Lu Li Cui Ma Rui-Jie Luo Chong-Yu Du Xuan Xu zhe Mei zhe Qian Yong-Ning Zhou Department of Materials Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Xuanyi New Energy Development Co. LtdShanghai 201800China Global Institute of Future Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The balance between cationic redox and oxygen redox in layer-structured cathode materials is an important issue for sodium batteries to obtain high energy density and considerable cycle *** redox can contribute extra capacity to increase energy density,but results in lattice instability and capacity fading caused by lattice oxygen gliding and oxygen *** this work,reversible Mn^(2+)/Mn^(4+)redox is realized in a P3-Na_(0.65)Li_(0.2)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode material with high specific capacity and structure stability via Co *** contribution of oxygen redox is suppressed significantly by reversible Mn^(2+)/Mn^(4+)redox without sacrificing capacity,thus reducing lattice oxygen release and improving the structure *** X-ray techniques reveal that P3 phase is well maintained in a wide voltage window of 1.5-4.5 V ***^(+)/Na even at 10 C and after long-term *** is disclosed that charge compensation from Co/Mn-ions contributes to the voltage region below 4.2 V and O-ions contribute to the whole voltage *** synergistic contributions of Mn^(2+)/Mn^(4+),Co^(2+)/Co^(3+),and O^(2-)/(O_n)^(2-)redox in P3-Na_(0.65)Li_(0.2)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)lead to a high reversible capacity of 215.0 m A h g^(-1)at 0.1 C with considerable cycle *** strategy opens up new opportunities for the design of high capacity cathode materials for rechargeable batteries.

关键词： Sodium batteries Cathode materials Layered structure Co substitution

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交联β-环糊精-可溶性淀粉聚合物微球的合成及载药性质

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沈阳药科大学学报 2009年第11期26卷 857-862页

作者：荀哲陈东杨希琴李轶群刘兰丁平田沈阳药科大学药学院辽宁沈阳110016

目的用β-环糊精和可溶性淀粉作为原料合成不溶于水的微球,并对其吸附载药性质进行研究。方法使用反相悬浮交联法制备聚合物微球,对其乳化及交联过程的各个因素进行考察,并且以水杨酸为模型药物,考察了交联反应不同因素对水杨酸载药量... 详细信息

目的用β-环糊精和可溶性淀粉作为原料合成不溶于水的微球,并对其吸附载药性质进行研究。方法使用反相悬浮交联法制备聚合物微球,对其乳化及交联过程的各个因素进行考察,并且以水杨酸为模型药物,考察了交联反应不同因素对水杨酸载药量的影响。探讨了药物的吸附动力学和吸附热力学。用傅立叶红外色谱仪、粉末X射线衍射、激光衍射粒度分析仪等手段对微球的性质进行研究。结果与结论β-环糊精与可溶性淀粉和环氧氯丙烷的用量比例为9 g∶1 g∶12 mL、氢氧化钠质量分数为40%、水相油相体积比为15∶120、乳化剂用量为7.0 g、搅拌速度为400 ***-1、60℃下交联8 h可以获得粒径为100μm左右、粒径分布较窄、形状圆整的微球。红外光谱证明β-环糊精和可溶性淀粉在交联后结构和性质发生变化,交联后生成的三维网络结构使其具有较大的机械强度和吸附能力,可以作为药物载体。实验结果表明交联微球对水杨酸的吸附很快,1 h可达到平衡,平衡时包封率达到58.35%,载药质量分数为4.856%,而且主要为物理吸附过程。

关键词：反相悬浮法交联微球吸附载药

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New Li-ion Battery Evaluation Research Based on Thermal Property and Heat Generation Behavior of Battery

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2012年第6期25卷 725-732,I0004页

作者： zhe Lv xun Guo Xin-ping Qiu Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Be~iing 100084 China

We do a new Li-ion battery evaluation research on the effects of cell resistance and polariza- tion on the energy loss in batteries based on thermal property and heat generation behavior of battery. Series of 18650 cells with different capacities and electrode materials are evalu- ated by measuring input and output energy which change with charge-discharge time and current. Based on the results of these tests, we build a model of energy loss in cells＇ charge- discharge process, which include Joule heat and polarization heat impact factors. It was reported that Joule heat was caused by cell resistance, which included De-resistance and reaction resistance, and reaction resistance could not be easily obtained through routine test method. Using this new method, we can get the total resistance R and the polarization parameter U. The relationship between R, η, and temperature is also investigated in order to build a general model for series of different Li-ion batteries, and the research can be used in the performance evaluation, state of charge prediction and the measuring of consistency of the batteries.

关键词： Li-ion battery Energy loss Heat Cell resistance Polarization State of chargeprediction

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Characteristic of Fresh and Harden Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibre Reinforced Alkali Activated Composite

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第3期11卷 1321-1337页

作者： Yiguang Wang zhe Zhang xun Zhang School of Civil Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Henan Provincial Communications Planning Survey&Design Institute Co.Ltd.Zhengzhou450001China

Fibre can enhance the mechanical properties of cement-based composites,but fibre also degrades their ***,the quantitative effects of fiber content and length-diameter ratio on alkali-activated materials are still *** aspect ratio,volume fraction of polyvinyl alcohol fibre(PVAF),and various water-binder ratio were employed to prepare a total of 26 groups of fibre reinforced alkali-activated composite(FRAAC).The influence of PVAF fibre factor(product of fiber volume fraction and length-diameter ratio)on flowability,compactness,strength,and crack fractal dimension of FRAAC was *** influence of water-binder ratio on the plastic viscosity of FRAAC was more significant than that on the yield *** fibre factor was lower than critical value of 150,the influence of fibres could be *** reason was that the space between fibres was distant,so the flowability of FRAAC was not impacted by *** this time,fibres were challenging to restrict the cracks in matrix and increase their mechanical *** fibre factor was higher than critical value 150 and lower than density packing value 450,the flexural strength,compressive strength and crack fractal dimension of FRAAC were considerably enhanced,and the FRAAC could still flow easily under dead *** fibre factor were above 450,noteworthy fibre balling considerably decreased the flowability,leading to poor solidity and reduced compressive ***,the ideal content of PVAF in alkali activated composite is between 150/(l/d)and 450/(l/d).

关键词： Alkali-activated composite fibre reinforced composite fibre factor flowability strength fractal dimension

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Tobacco-specific Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK) Activating ERK1/2 MAP Kinases and Stimulating Proliferation of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2007年第1期23卷 76-80页

作者： CHEN Zhi-bo AN yang WANG zhe ZHANG Bo-xun LIU Lan-ying College of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China College of Life Science and Engineering Qiqihar University Qiqihar 161000 P. R. China Department of Internal Medicine of Digestion China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University Changchun 130033 P. R. China

Cigarette smoking is correlated with the development of various cancers. 4- （Methylnitresoamino） -1- （3-pyridyl） - 1-butanone（NNK） is one of the major tobacco-specific carcinogens in the cigarette smoke, which increases the risk of breast cancer. In the present study, it was demonstrated that NNK rapidly activated ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases in human normal mammary epithelial cells. It was found that there are two different routes for the activation of ERK1/2 with NNK. One is from nicotinic receptor nAchR to MEK1/2, and the other is from tyrosine kinase containing receptor to MEK1/2. The tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK shows a strong proliferative effect on normal human mammary epithelial cells and cancer mammary epithelial cells.

关键词： Mammary epithelial cells NNK ERK MAPK Nicotinic receptor nAehR Tyrosine kinase Signaling pathway Carcinogen Cell proliferation

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Development and application of a life cycle energy consumption and CO2emissions analysis model for high-speed railway transport in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第2期12卷 270-280页

作者： WANG Yan-zhe ZHOU Sheng OU xun-Min Tsinghua University-Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute of Energy Environment and EconomyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Centre for Resources Energy and Sustainable DevelopmentLaboratory for Low Carbon EnergyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China China Automotive Energy Research Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

China's high-speed railway(HSR)is booming recently,the HSR's performance of energy conservation and carbon reduction has attractedmuch *** study developed a new life cycle model of energy consumption and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions on China's HSR bylife cycle analysis(LCA),covering the stages of infrastructure,HSR train,and operation,based on the TLCAM(Tsinghua-LCA Model).A caseof the BeijingeShanghai HSR has been studied to show that the full life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportationare 0.4 MJ km1per capita and 0.04 kg CO2ekm1per capita,respectively,which are far less than aviation,gasoline vehicles,diesel vehicles,electric vehicles and public *** the cleaner power structure and the progress of HSR train technology,the energy consumption andcarbon emissions of HSR in 2020 could be reduced by 20%compared to *** study indicates that electricity generation mix structure andfull load rate are important factors influencing the life-cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR *** is recommendedto improve the coverage of HSR network,accelerate train upgrades,improve the full load rate of HSR trains,and promote the low-carbondevelopment of electricity supply to strengthen and realize the low-carbon advantage of HSR transport mode in *** transportationcan be used to achieve the low carbon transformation of China's transportation sector and improve oil supply safety situation.

关键词： High-speed railway transport Life cycle analysis Energy consumption Greenhouse gas emissions China

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Different expression of dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2 in the lungs of different immune status mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第17期122卷 2017-2021页

作者： yang Jian-xun LIU Wan LU Qiao-yun WAN zhe WANG Xiao-hong LI Ruo-yu Department of Dermatology Research Center of MedicalMycology Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034China

Background Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis （IPA） is a severe and frequently fatal disease in patients receiving treatment with immunosuppressive agents such as cyclophosphamide. Aspergillus fumigatus （A. fumigatus） now is a leading cause of IPA. Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2） are important pattern recognition receptors involved in immune responses to A. fumigatus in vitro. However, the expression of the two receptors during the infection of A. fumigatus in vivo is not completely understood. The effects of cyclophosphamide treatment on the expression of the receptors need to be further studied. Methods We established different immune status in mice models with or without A. fumigatus infection. On days 1, 3 and 5 post inoculation, pulmonary tissues from mice of the different groups were harvested. Dectin-1 and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lungs of the mice were investigated by real-time PCR. The pulmonary fungal burden in the mice with A. fumigatus infection was also evaluated. Results In the immunocompetent mice, three days after A. fumigatus inoculation, dectin-1 and TLR2 expression increased markedly compared with the normal control group. Cyclophosphamide inhibited the clearance of pathogens and the expression of dectin-1 with or without A. fumigatus infection in the lungs as well. There was no statistical difference in TLR2 expression between the different immune status groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that in vivo, dectin-1 and TLR2 are activated during the experimental period which would provide a broad range of possibilities for a specific and effective inflammatory response to kill A. fumigatus. Inhibition of dectin-1 expression may be one of the mechanisms of cyclophosphamide in the development of IPA. Chin Med J 2009; 122（17）：2017-2021

关键词： Aspergillus fumigatus dectin-1 Toll-like receptor 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction

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