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The varying fetch effect of aeolian sand transport above a gobi surface and its implication for gobi development process

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 623-634页

作者： Chunlai Zhang Guoru Wei xueyong zou Zhenting Wang Qing Li Xuesong Wang State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand ControlFaculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000PR China Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application Institute of Geographical SciencesHebei Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang050011China

The Gobi deserts are important landscapes and major sandstorm source areas in arid northwestern China.Unsaturated sand flow and decreasing sand supply capacity is well known as the basic characteristics of gobi surface,but relatively little attention has been paid to the fetch effect of sand transport which is closely related to sand supply and indicative of wind erosion process in gobi.Using a field experiment,we investigated the spatial and temporal variations on a manually disturbed gobi surface downwind a sand-blocking belt and a sand-fixing belt by measuring the sand transport rate and the height profile of flux density at different fetch lengths during a sequence of wind erosion events.Results showed that the sand supply capacity determined the critical fetch length(Lc)for the sand transport rate so that the fetch effect varied with wind erosion proceeding due to depletion of erodible material.The height profile of flux density above the surface followed two distributions:an exponential decrease with increasing height,which commonly occurred above the newly treated gobi surface during the early wind erosion events;or a Lorentzian distribution with a peak flux at a certain height,which often happened in the later wind erosion events.The varying fetch effect,decreasing sand transport rates,and the nonerodible area expanded downwind are an epitome of the gobi development and expansion process from the perspective of wind erosion.

关键词： Gobi Wind erosion Sand transport Fetch effect Gobi development

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1980—2016年中国北方风蚀气候侵蚀力的变化

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地理科学 2024年第4期44卷 703-710页

作者：刘伟邹学勇刘博王汝幸王祖正天津师范大学地理学部天津300387 北京师范大学地理科学学部北京100875 中国环境科学研究院北京100012 合肥大学旅游与会展学院安徽合肥230601

随着修订风蚀方程(RWEQ)的提出,采用增加了冻结因子的气候因子(WF)表达风蚀气候侵蚀力更具有科学性和必要性。基于中国北方风蚀区157个气象站1980—2016年的观测数据,逐月计算了各站点气候因子,并探讨了气候因子时空分布变化特征及影响... 详细信息

随着修订风蚀方程(RWEQ)的提出,采用增加了冻结因子的气候因子(WF)表达风蚀气候侵蚀力更具有科学性和必要性。基于中国北方风蚀区157个气象站1980—2016年的观测数据,逐月计算了各站点气候因子,并探讨了气候因子时空分布变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:①1980—1997年,年气候因子值表现为快速下降,从940.46 kg/m下降到273.03 kg/m;而1998—2016年,年气候因子值表现相对稳定,在139.81~398.85 kg/m范围内波动。②春季气候因子值约占全年63%,其变化也显著高于其它季节,这也是土壤风蚀发生在春季的主要原因。③气候因子的高值区分布在新疆东部、青海西部、40°N以北的内蒙古中西部,这与气压中心和高大山体地形分布有关。

关键词：气候因子土壤风蚀全球变暖北方风蚀区

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Wind Erosion Climate Change in Northern China During 1981-2016

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第4期11卷 484-496页

作者： Feng Zhang Jing'ai Wang xueyong zou Rui Mao Daoyi Gong Xingya Feng State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Wind erosion is largely controlled by climate conditions.In this study,we examined the influences of changes in wind speed,soil wetness,snow cover,and vegetation cover related to climate change on wind erosion in northern China during 1981–2016.We used the wind erosion force,defined as wind factor in the Revised Wind Erosion Equation Model,to describe the effect of wind speed on wind erosion.The results show that wind erosion force presented a long-term decreasing trend in the southern Northwest,northern Northwest,and eastern northern China during 1981–2016.In the Gobi Desert,the wind erosion force presented for 1981–1992 a decreasing trend,for 1992–2012 an increasing trend,and thereafter a weakly decreasing trend.In comparison to wind speed,soil wetness and snow cover had weaker influences on wind erosion in northern China,while vegetation cover played a significant role in the decrease of wind erosion in the eastern northern China during 1982–2015.

关键词： Northern China RWEQ model Wind erosion Wind erosion force Heavy wind frequency

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The trajectory parameters analysis of saltating sand grains driven by wind

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第18期44卷 1681-1685页

作者： xueyong zou Qingzhen Hao Chunlai Zhang Bao Yang Yuzhang Liu Guangrong Dong Shaoxiang Zhou Chinese Acad Sci Desert Res Inst Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Dept 9 Hefei 230026 Peoples R China

The study of trajectory parameters of saltating sand grains is of great importance to forming the kinematic theory of wind-sand current. By establishing the simplified theoretical pattern and probing into the relationship between lift-off angle (α) and landing angle (β), relationship between the ratio of saltation length ( L) to maximum height (H) and lift-off angle as

关键词： wind-sand flow trajectory parameters saltating sand grains high-speed multiflash photography.

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TiC对Fe_(55)Nb_(15)Ti_(15)Ta_(15)合金非晶形成能力、微观组织及热稳定性的影响

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粉末冶金技术 2024年第1期42卷 84-90页

作者：唐翠勇谢文彬邹泽昌孙珍军陈学永福建农林大学机电工程学院福州350100 福建船政交通职业学院机械与智能制造学院福州350007

铁基非晶合金存在非晶形成能力低、室温塑性差等问题,极大地限制了其在工程中的应用。基于“近混合焓+有效原子尺寸差”非晶合金成分设计理念设计了Fe_(55)Nb_(15)Ti_(15)Ta_(15)全金属组元粉末,采用机械合金化球磨工艺成功制备出非晶... 详细信息

铁基非晶合金存在非晶形成能力低、室温塑性差等问题,极大地限制了其在工程中的应用。基于“近混合焓+有效原子尺寸差”非晶合金成分设计理念设计了Fe_(55)Nb_(15)Ti_(15)Ta_(15)全金属组元粉末,采用机械合金化球磨工艺成功制备出非晶态合金粉末,并研究了TiC陶瓷粉末的加入对Fe_(55)Nb_(15)Ti_(15)Ta_(15)合金粉末非晶形成能力、微观形貌和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:Fe_(55)Nb_(15)Ti_(15)Ta_(15)合金粉末具有较好的非晶形成能力和热稳定性,TiC陶瓷粉末均匀稳定的分布于Fe_(55)Nb_(15)Ti_(15)Ta_(15)非晶合金粉末中。添加质量分数15%TiC陶瓷粉末延缓了球磨过程中Fe_(55)Nb_(15)Ti_(15)Ta_(15)合金粉末的合金化和非晶化进程,降低了热稳定性,使得球磨后粉末粒度变小,分布范围变宽。该项工艺可制备出具有较大室温塑性的大块铁基非晶合金原始粉末。

关键词：非晶合金机械合金化形成能力微观组织热稳定性

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Cogitation on developing a dynamic model of soil wind erosion

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第3期58卷 462-473页

作者： zou xueyong ZHANG ChunLai CHENG Hong KANG LiQiang WU YongQiu State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand ControlBeijing Normal University

Studies on soil wind erosion began with single factors affecting soil wind erosion; with increasing quantities of data being accumulated,the wind erosion equation(WEQ),the revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ),the wind erosion prediction system(WEPS),and other soil wind erosion models have been successively established,and great advances have been achieved.Here we briefly review the soil wind erosion research course and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the current soil wind erosion models.From the perspective of the dynamics of wind erosion,we classified the factors affecting soil wind erosion into three categories,namely,wind erosivity factors(WEF),soil antierodibility factors(SAF),and roughness interference factors(RIF).We proposed the concept of a standard plot of soil wind erosion to solve the problem of uncertainty of the soil wind erosion modulus on a spatial scale,and provided methods to set similarity conditions in wind tunnel simulation experiments and to convert the spatial scale of the wind erosion modulus from the standard plot to a large scale field.We also proposed a conceptual model on the basis of the dynamics of soil wind erosion with the theoretical basis that wind produces a shear force on the soil surface.This shear force is partitioned by barely erodible soil surfaces and roughness elements on the ground,and the amount of soil loss by wind should be calculated by comparing the shear force of the wind on barely erodible soil surfaces with the anti-erosion force of the surface soil.One advantage of this conceptual model is that the calculated soil wind erosion modulus is not subject to changes of spatial scale.Finally,we recommended continual improvement of the existing models while also establishing new models.

关键词：土壤风蚀动态模型思维发展土壤表面空间尺度侵蚀模数风洞模拟实验风蚀模型

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重熔对激光熔覆Fe60涂层的组织与性能影响

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锻压装备与制造技术 2024年第2期59卷 128-132页

作者：林朝森李跃丹江仁伟邹泽昌唐翠勇陈学永福建农林大学机电工程学院福建福州350000 福建船政交通职业学院机械与智能制造学院福建福州350000

为提高45#钢表面的显微硬度及耐磨性能,以Fe60自熔性合金粉末作为熔覆层原料,通过激光熔覆和激光重熔工艺制备熔覆涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察涂层的显微组织,利用维氏硬度计、磨损实验机、三维形貌仪等仪器进行显微硬度、耐磨... 详细信息

为提高45#钢表面的显微硬度及耐磨性能,以Fe60自熔性合金粉末作为熔覆层原料,通过激光熔覆和激光重熔工艺制备熔覆涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察涂层的显微组织,利用维氏硬度计、磨损实验机、三维形貌仪等仪器进行显微硬度、耐磨性能及磨损机制的测试。结果表明:激光熔覆制备的涂层枝晶组织尺寸较大,激光重熔后的涂层枝晶晶粒细化且更加致密。相较于基体,激光熔覆制备的涂层平均硬度为670 HV,是基体的3.38倍,激光重熔后的涂层平均硬度为682 HV,相较于基体硬度提升3.43倍。经过激光重熔及激光熔覆涂层的摩擦系数、磨损量相较于基体得到显著降低,其磨损量分别降低了8倍、2.67倍,耐磨性能得到显著提升,涂层的摩擦磨损形式为磨粒磨损及黏着磨损。

关键词：激光熔覆激光重熔显微硬度耐磨性

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An experimental study on the influences of water erosion on wind erosion in arid and semi-arid regions

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第2期11卷 208-216页

作者： YANG Huimin zou xueyong WANG Jing'ai SHI Peijun State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University School of Land and Tourism Luoyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Regional Geography Beijing Normal University Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Beijing Normal University

Complex erosion by wind and water causes serious harm in arid and semi-arid regions. The interaction mechanisms between water erosion and wind erosion is the key to further our understanding of the complex erosion. Therefore, in-depth understandings of the influences of water erosion on wind erosion is needed. This research used a wind tunnel and two rainfall simulators to investigate the influences of water erosion on succeeding wind erosion. The wind erosion measurements before and after water erosion were run on semi-fixed aeolian sandy soil configured with three slopes(5°, 10° and 15°), six wind speeds(0, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 20 m/s), and five rainfall intensities(0, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mm/h). Results showed that water erosion generally restrained the succeeding wind erosion. At a same slope, the restraining effects decreased as rainfall intensity increased, which decreased from 70.63% to 50.20% with rainfall intensity increased from 30 to 75 mm/h. Rills shaped by water erosion could weaken the restraining effects at wind speed exceeding 15 m/s mainly by cutting through the fine grain layer, exposing the sand layer prone to wind erosion to airflow. In addition, the restraining effects varied greatly among different soil types. The restraining effects of rainfall on the succeeding wind erosion depend on the formation of a coarsening layer with a crust and a compact fine grain layer after rainfall. The findings can deepen the understanding of the complex erosion and provide scientific basis for regional soil and water conservation in arid and semi-arid regions.

关键词： wind erosion water erosion sandy soil particle size surface roughness wind-water erosion agriculturalpastoral ecotone

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An experimental study on the influences of wind erosion on water erosion

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 580-590页

作者： YANG Huimin GAO Yuan LIN Degen zou xueyong WANG Jing'ai SHI Peijun State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Regional Geography Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Geography Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Life Science&Technology Hebei Normal University of Science&TechnologyQinhuangdao 066000China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijmg 100875China Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

In semi-arid regions, complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions has led to a massive soil loss and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism is the first step toward prevention of the erosion. However, the mutual influences between wind erosion and water erosion have not been fully understood. This research used a wind tunnel and two rainfall simulators and simulated two rounds of alternations between wind erosion and water erosion（i.e., 1^（st） wind erosion–1^（st） water erosion and 2^（nd） wind erosion–2^（nd） water erosion） on three slopes（5°, 10°, and 15°） with six wind speeds（0, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 20 m/s） and five rainfall intensities（0, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mm/h）. The objective was to analyze the influences of wind erosion on succeeding water erosion. Results showed that the effects of wind erosion on water erosion were not the same in the two rounds of tests. In the 1^（st） round of tests, wind erosion first restrained and then intensified water erosion mostly because the blocking effect of wind-sculpted micro-topography on surface flow was weakened with the increase in slope. In the 2^（nd） round of tests, wind erosion intensified water erosion on beds with no rills at gentle slopes and low rainfall intensities or with large-size rills at steep slopes and high rainfall intensities. Wind erosion restrained water erosion on beds with small rills at moderate slopes and moderate rainfall intensities. The effects were mainly related to the fine grain layer, rills and slope of the original bed in the 2^（nd） round of tests. The findings can deepen our understanding of complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions and provide scientific references to regional soil and water conservation.

关键词： wind-water interaction sandy soil particle size surface roughness wind and water erosion

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Application of a new wind driving force model in soil wind erosion area of northern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第3期12卷 423-435页

作者： zou xueyong LI Huiru LIU Wei WANG Jingpu CHENG Hong WU Xiaoxu ZHANG Chunlai KANG Liqiang State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The shear stress generated by the wind on the land surface is the driving force that results in the wind erosion of the soil.It is an independent factor influencing soil wind erosion.The factors related to wind erosivity,known as submodels,mainly include the weather factor(WF)in revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ),the erosion submodel(ES)in wind erosion prediction system(WEPS),as well as the drift potential(DP)in wind energy environmental assessment.However,the essential factors of WF and ES contain wind,soil characteristics and surface coverings,which therefore results in the interdependence between WF or ES and other factors(e.g.,soil erodible factor)in soil erosion models.Considering that DP is a relative indicator of the wind energy environment and does not have the value of expressing wind to induce shear stress on the surface.Therefore,a new factor is needed to express accurately wind erosivity.Based on the theoretical basis that the soil loss by wind erosion(Q)is proportional to the shear stress of the wind on the soil surface,a new model of wind driving force(WDF)was established,which expresses the potential capacity of wind to drive soil mass in per unit area and a period of time.Through the calculations in the typical area,the WDF,WF and DP are compared and analyzed from the theoretical basis,construction goal,problem-solving ability and typical area application;the spatial distribution of soil wind erosion intensity was concurrently compared with the spatial distributions of the WDF,WF and DP values in the typical area.The results indicate that the WDF is better to reflect the potential capacity of wind erosivity than WF and DP,and that the WDF model is a good model with universal applicability and can be logically incorporated into the soil wind erosion models.

关键词： soil wind erosion wind driving force weather factor drift potential WDF(wind driving force)model

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