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Key Technologies and Prospects for Electric Vehicles Within Emerging Power Systems: Insights from Five Aspects

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 439-447页

作者： Yalun Li Minggao Ouyang C.C.Chan xueliang sun Yonghua Song Wei Cai Yilin Xie Yuqiong Mao Department of Electrical Engineering and School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 3K7Canada State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150080China

The energy revolution requires coordination in energy consumption, supply, storage and institutional systems.Renewable energy generation technologies, along with their associated costs, are already fully equipped for large-scale promotion.However, energy storage remains a bottleneck, and solutions areneeded through the use of electric vehicles, which traditionallyplay the role of energy consumption in power systems. Toclarify the key technologies and institutions that support EVsas terminals for energy use, storage, and feedback, the CSEEJPES forum assembled renowned experts and scholars in relevantfields to deliver keynote reports and engage in discussions ontopics such as vehicle–grid integration technology, advancedsolid-state battery technology, high-performance electric motortechnology, and institutional innovation in the industry chain.These experts also provided prospects for energy storage andutilization technologies capable of decarbonizing new powersystems.

关键词： Electric vehicles engineering philosophy highpower density motor new power system solid state batteries vehicle grid integration.

Building Fe atom–cluster composite sites using a site occupation strategy to boost electrochemical oxygen reduction

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 276-286页

作者： Tingyi Zhou Yi Guan Changjie He Lei Zhang xueliang sun Zhongxin Song Qianling Zhang Chuanxin He Xiantao Jiang Zhaoyan Luo Wei Xing Xiangzhong Ren College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical PowerChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesJilinChangchunChina

The high-temperature pyrolysis process for preparing M–N–C single-atom catalyst usually results in high heterogeneity in product structure concurrently contains multiscale metal phases from single atoms(SAs),atomic clusters to nanoparticles.Therefore,understanding the interactions among these components,especially the synergistic effects between single atomic sites and cluster sites,is crucial for improving the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity of M–N–C catalysts.Accordingly,herein,we constructed a model catalyst composed of both atomically dispersed FeN4 SA sites and adjacent Fe clusters through a site occupation strategy.We found that the Fe clusters can optimize the adsorption strength of oxygen reduction intermediates on FeN4 SA sites by introducing electron-withdrawing–OH ligands and decreasing the d-band center of the Fe center.The as-developed catalyst exhibits encouraging ORR activity with halfwave potentials(E1/2)of 0.831 and 0.905 V in acidic and alkaline media,respectively.Moreover,the catalyst also represents excellent durability exceeding that of Fe–N–C SA catalyst.The practical application of Fe(Cd)–CNx catalyst is further validated by its superior activity and stability in a metalair battery device.Our work exhibits the great potential of synergistic effects between multiphase metal species for improvements of singleatom site catalysts.

关键词： d-band center metal clusters oxygen reduction reaction single-atom catalyst site occupations strategy

Sieving carbons reconfigure non-graphitic carbons for practical sodium batteries

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National Science Review 2022年第8期9卷 7-8页

作者： xueliang sun Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario

For alkali metal-ion batteries, carbon materials are always regarded as the most promising anodes for commercialization,as is seen in the history of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). The success of graphite anodes in LIBs indicates the importance of low-potential charge/discharge plateaus(LPPs) for achieving high energy density [1]. As the counterpart to LIBs, sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) are showing great potential for large-scale energy-storage applications, owing to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources. In SIBs,

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All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries with Sulfide Electrolytes:Understanding Interfacial Ion and Electron Transport

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第1期3卷 21-32页

作者： Changhong Wang Keegan Adair xueliang sun Department of Mechanical&Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5B9Canada

CONSPECTUS:With the ever-growing demand for high energy density and high safety of energy storage technologies,all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)including all-solid-state lithium ion batteries(ASSLIBs)and all-solid-state lithium−sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)have received considerable attention in recent years.To realize ASSLMBs,various solid-state electrolytes have been rapidly developed.Among them,sulfide electrolytes(SEs)demonstrate the highest ionic conductivity(>10 mS·cm−1)and the most favorable mechanical properties.However,the commercialization of SE-based ASSLMBs has been stymied by sluggish interfacial ion and electron transport kinetics,which arises from the detrimental interfacial reactions,poor interfacial solid−solid contact,and lithium dendrite growth.To overcome the interfacial challenges,an insightful understanding of the complex interfacial ion and electron transport processes in SE-based ASSLMBs is of the foremost importance.Although most of the previous review papers underscored the interfacial challenges and summarized the corresponding strategies,a fundamental understanding of the interfacial ions and electron-transport kinetics in SE-based ASSLMBs has not yet been presented.This Account therefore primarily summarizes our recent understanding of SE-based ASSLMBs from the perspectives of interfacial ion and electron transport,aiming to provide an insightful understanding of interfacial kinetics.We first compare various solid-state electrolytes including SEs,oxide electrolytes,halide electrolytes,polymer electrolytes,borohydride electrolytes in terms of their ionic conductivity,electrochemical stability windows,and mechanical properties,aiming to justify the advantages of SEs in ASSLMBs.Then,the interfacial challenges at both cathode and anode interfaces of SE-based ASSLIBs and SE-based ASSLSBs are presented,respectively.These interfacial challenges significantly hinder the interfacial ion and electron transport.To boost the interfacial charge transfer kinetics,our recent research adva

关键词： lithium kinetics summarized

Progress and perspective of single-atom catalysts for membrane electrode assembly of fuel cells

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Carbon Energy 2023年第7期5卷 38-56页

作者： Zhongxin Song Junjie Li Qianling Zhang Yongliang Li Xiangzhong Ren Lei Zhang xueliang sun College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that can continuously input fuel and oxidant into the device through an electrochemical reaction to release electrical energy.Although noble metals show good activity in fuel cell-related electrochemical reactions,their ever-increasing price considerably hinders their industrial application.Improvement of atom utilization efficiency is considered one of the most effective strategies to improve the mass activity of catalysts,and this allows for the use of fewer catalysts,saving greatly on the cost.Thus,single-atom catalysts(SACs)with an atom utilization efficiency of 100%have been widely developed,which show remarkable performance in fuel cells.In this review,we will describe recent progress on the development of SACs for membrane electrode assembly of fuel cell applications.First,we will introduce several effective routes for the synthesis of SACs.The reaction mechanism of the involved reactions will also be introduced as it is highly determinant of the final activity.Then,we will systematically summarize the application of Pt group metal(PGM)and nonprecious group metal(non-PGM)catalysts in membrane electrode assembly of fuel cells.This review will offer numerous experiences for developing potential industrialized fuel cell catalysts in the future.

关键词： fuel cells membrane electrode assembly oxygen reduction reaction reaction mechanism single-atom catalysts

Field-assisted electrocatalysts spark sulfur redox kinetics:From fundamentals to applications

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Interdisciplinary Materials 2023年第3期2卷 390-415页

作者： Hongtai Li Yanguang Li Liang Zhang Zhongwei Chen xueliang sun Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina Department of Chemical Engineering Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

The chief culprit impeding the commercialization of lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries is the parasitic shuttle effect and restricted redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).To circumvent these key stumbling blocks,incorporating electrocatalysts with rational electronic structure modulation into sulfur cathode plays a decisive role in vitalizing the higher electrocatalytic activity to promote sulfur utilization efficiency.Breaking the stereotype of contemporary electrocatalyst design kept on pretreatment,field-assisted electrocatalysts offer strategic advantages in dynamically controllable electrochemical reactions that might be thorny to regulate in conventional electrochemical processes.However,the highly interdisciplinary fieldassisted electrochemistry puzzles researchers for a fundamental understanding of the ambiguous correlations among electronic structure,surface adsorption properties,and catalytic performance.In this review,the mechanisms,functionality explorations,and advantages of field-assisted electrocatalysts including electric,magnetic,light,thermal,and strain fields in Li–S batteries have been summarized.By demonstrating pioneering work for customized geometric configuration,energy band engineering,and optimal microenvironment arrangement in response to decreased activation energy and enriched reactant concentration for accelerated sulfur redox kinetics,cutting-edge insights into the holistic periscope of chargespin-orbital-lattice interplay between LiPSs and electrocatalysts are scrutinized,which aspires to advance the comprehensive understanding of the complex electrochemistry of Li–S batteries.Finally,future perspectives are provided to inspire innovations capable of defeating existing restrictions.

关键词： electrocatalysis electronic properties external fields Li-S batteries redox kinetics

Challenges and approaches of single-crystal Ni-rich layered cathodes in lithium batteries

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 203-222页

作者： Jiangtao Hu Hongbin Wang Biwei Xiao Pei Liu Tao Huang Yongliang Li Xiangzhong Ren Qianling Zhang Jianhong Liu Xiaoping Ouyang xueliang sun Graphene Composite Research Center College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen University 2. GRINM(Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Eastern Institute of Technology

High energy density and high safety are incompatible with each other in a lithium battery, which challenges today’s energy storage and power applications. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides(NMCs) have been identified as the primary cathode candidate for powering next-generation electric vehicles and have been extensively studied in the last two decades, leading to the fast growth of their market share, including both polycrystalline and single-crystal NMC cathodes. Single-crystal NMCs appear to be superior to polycrystalline NMCs, especially at low Ni content(≤60%). However, Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes experience even faster capacity decay than polycrystalline NMC cathodes, rendering them unsuitable for practical application. Accordingly, this work will systematically review the attenuation mechanism of single-crystal NMCs and generate fresh insights into valuable research pathways. This perspective will provide a direction for the development of Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes.

关键词： single-crystal NMC attenuation mechanism modification strategy developing route

Advanced Strategies for Stabilizing Single‑Atom Catalysts for Energy Storage and Conversion

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2022年第3期5卷 1-41页

作者： Wenxian Li Zehao Guo Jack Yang Ying Li xueliang sun Haiyong He Sean Li Jiujun Zhang Institute of Materials Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute School of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia College of Sciences Institute for Sustainable EnergyShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5B9Canada Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201ZhejiangChina

Well-defined atomically dispersed metal catalysts(or single-atom catalysts)have been widely studied to fundamentally under-stand their catalytic mechanisms,improve the catalytic efficiency,increase the abundance of active components,enhance the catalyst utilization,and develop cost-effective catalysts to effectively reduce the usage of noble metals.Such single-atom cata-lysts have relatively higher selectivity and catalytic activity with maximum atom utilization due to their unique characteristics of high metal dispersion and a low-coordination environment.However,freestanding single atoms are thermodynamically unstable,such that during synthesis and catalytic reactions,they inevitably tend to agglomerate to reduce the system energy associated with their large surface areas.Therefore,developing innovative strategies to stabilize single-atom catalysts,including mass-separated soft landing,one-pot pyrolysis,co-precipitation,impregnation,atomic layer deposition,and organometallic complexation,is critically needed.Many types of supporting materials,including polymers,have been commonly used to stabilize single atoms in these fabrication techniques.Herein,we review the stabilization strategies of single-atom catalyst,including different synthesis methods,specific metals and carriers,specific catalytic reactions,and their advantages and disadvantages.In particular,this review focuses on the application of polymers in the synthesis and stabilization of single-atom catalysts,including their functions as carriers for metal single atoms,synthetic templates,encapsulation agents,and protection agents during the fabrication process.The technical challenges that are currently faced by single-atom catalysts are summarized,and perspectives related to future research directions including catalytic mechanisms,enhancement of the catalyst loading content,and large-scale implementation are proposed to realize their practical applications.

关键词： Single-atom catalyst Stabilization strategy Coordination environment Polymer Encapsulation agent Protection agent

Depolarization of Li-rich Mn-based oxide via electrochemically active Prussian blue interface providing superior rate capability

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Carbon Energy 2023年第5期5卷 48-56页

作者： Youchen Hao Xifei Li Wen Liu Jingjing Wang Hui Shan Wenbin Li Xingjiang Liu Liangxu Lin Xianyou Wang xueliang sun Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and DevicesInstitute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy&School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of TechnologyXi'anChina Science and Technology on Power Sources Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Power SourcesTianjinPR China Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics(SIFE Future Technologies)Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhouFuzhouChina Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education School of ChemistryXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunanChina Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

The high-rate cyclability of Li-rich Mn-based oxide(LMO)is highly limited by the electrochemical polarization resulting from the slow kinetic of the Li2MnO3 phase.Herein,the Prussian blue(PB)coating layer with specific redox potential is introduced as a functionalized interface to overcome the side effect and the escaping of O on the surface of LMO,especially its poor rate capability.In detail,the PB layer can restrict the large polarization of LMO by sharing overloaded current at a high rate due to the synchronous redox of PB and LMO.Consequently,an enhanced high rate performance with capacity retention of 87.8%over 300 cycles is obtained,which is superior to 50.5%of the pristine electrode.Such strategies on the high-rate cyclability of Li-rich Mn-based oxide compatible with good low-rate performances may attract great attention for pursuing durable performances.

关键词： Li-rich Mn-based oxide Prussian blue coating layer synchronous redox high-rate cyclability