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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 319-330页

作者： Zhouxiang Cai Liting Hu Di Chen Ying Zhang xuekun fang College of Environmental&Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Center for Global Change Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139United States Anji Meteorological Bureau Anji 313300China

To achieve carbon neutrality,the Chinese government needs to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and drivers of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,particularly at the county level.Anji County in eastern China is a typical example of an industrial transformation from quarrying to a low-carbon economy.This study analyzed the decoupling types and structural characteristics of GHG emissions and the driving factors of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions in the Anji from 2006 to 2019,and explored the differences between countylevel and provincial-level or city-level results.It was observed that energy-related activities are the main source of GHG emissions in Anji and that economic development is the driving factor behind the increasing CO_(2)emissions.However,industrial transformation and upgradation coupled with the alternative use of clean energy limit the growth of GHG emissions.This study details the GHG emissions of county during the industrial transformation stage and provides corresponding policy recommendations for county governments.

关键词： County GHG emissions Decoupling Driving factors Policy recommendations

Pioneering observation of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in Hangzhou in eastern China and implications for upcoming 2022 Asian Games

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 723-734页

作者： Bowei Li Steven Sai Hang Ho Xinhe Li Liya Guo Rui Feng xuekun fang College of Environmental&Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNevada89512USA Center for Global Change Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA

Understanding the emission sources of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is critical for air pollution mitigation.Continuous measurements of atmospheric VOCs were conducted from January to February in Hangzhou in 2021.The average measured concentration of total VOCs(TVOCs)was 38.2±20.9 ppb,>42% lower than that reported by previous studies at the urban center in Hangzhou.The VOC concentrations and proportions were similar between weekdays and weekends.During the long holidays of the Spring Festival in China,the concentrations of TVOCs were∼50% lower than those during the regular days,but their profiles showed no significant difference(p>0.05).Further,we deduced that aromatics and alkenes were the most crucial chemicals promoting the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosol(SOA)in Hangzhou.According to interspecies correlations,combustion processes and solvent use were inferred as major VOC emission sources.This study provides implications for air quality improvements before and during the upcoming Asian Games that will be hosted in Hangzhou in 2022.

关键词： VOCs Atmospheric observation Eastern China 2022 Asian game Air quality improvements

Global methyl halide emissions from biomass burning during 2003-2021

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 79-86页

作者： Xiaoyi Hu Di Chen Liting Hu Bowei Li Xinhe Li xuekun fang College of Environmental&Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058PR China State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871PR China Center for Global Change Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

Methyl halides(CH3Cl,CH3Br,and CH3I)are ozone-depleting substances.Biomass burning(BB)is an important source of methyl halides.The temporal variations and global spatial distribution of BB methyl halide emissions are unclear.Thus,global methyl halide emissions from BB during 2003e2021 were estimated based on satellite data.A significant decreasing trend(p<0.01)in global methyl halide emissions from BB was found between 2003 and 2021,with CH3Cl emissions decreasing from 302 to 220 Gg yr^(-1),CH3Br emissions decreasing from 16.5 to 11.7 Gg yr^(-1),and CH3I emissions decreasing from 8.9 to 6.1 Gg yr^(-1).From a latitudinal perspective,the northern high-latitude region(60e90N)was the only latitude zone with significant increases in BB methyl halide emissions(p<0.01).Based on an analysis of the drivers of BB methyl halide emissions,emissions from cropland,grassland,and shrubland fires were more correlated with the burned area,while BB emissions from forest fires were more correlated with the emissions per unit burned area.The non-BB emissions of CH3Cl increased from 4749 Gg yr^(-1)in 2003 to 4882 Gg yr^(-1)in 2020,while those of CH3Br decreased from 136 Gg yr^(-1)in 2003 to 118 Gg yr^(-1)in 2020(global total CH3I emissions are not available).The finding indicates that global CH3Cl and CH3Br emissions from sources besides BB increased and decreased during 2003e2020.Based on our findings,not only searching for unknown sources is important,but also re-evaluating known sources is necessary for addressing methyl halide emissions.

关键词： Methyl halides Biomass burning Emission inventory Global budget Ozone depletion

Gridded usage inventories of chlordane in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 10-18页

作者： Qiang WANG Lijuan ZHAO xuekun fang Jianhua XU Yifan LI Yehong SHI Jianxin HU State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

Chlordane (1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7, 7a-tetra-hydro-4,7-methanoindane) is one of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) which has been listed as one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to be reduced and finally eliminated in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, because of its great persistence, toxicity, bio-accumulation and long-range transport potential. It is critical to create a national chlordane usage inventories for China to compile chlordane emission inventories, which is helpful for carrying out risk assessments and other researches related to chlordane in China. The annual data of chlordane usage was calculated and modified in accordance with the reported annual production of chlordane which was caculated on the basis of the termite distribution, the data of chlordane usage rate and the annual new construction area (NCA). With the help of Geographic Information System, the usage data of this NCA were allocated to a grid system then, with a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution and a size for each grid cell of approximately 25 km by 25 km. Between 1988 and 2008, the total usage of chlordane in China was 2745 t, accounting for approximately 80% of the production in the same period. Zhejiang Province was the largest consumer of chlordane in China, whose usage adds up to 980 t, greatly exceeding other provinces/regions, followed by Jiangsu Province (534 t) and Sichuan Province (428 t). The region with the least usage of chlordane was Beijing. Provinces of Guizhou, Henan and Hebei did not use any chlordane, even though termites had occurred in these provinces. Gridded usage inventories showed that the intensive use of chlordane was concentrated in the south-east part of China, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta in particular. The satisfaction of the inventories was supported by the consistence between the estimated data of annual usage and the reported annual production of chlordane, and by the consistence between distribution pattern of chlordane’s usage and ambi

关键词： chlordane inventories termites China new construction area (NCA)

Estimated HCFC-142b emissions in China: 2000–2050

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第24期59卷 3046-3053页

作者： Jiarui Han Li Li Shenshen Su Jing Wu xuekun fang Shenglan Jia Jianbo Zhang Jianxin Hu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University

1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane(HCFC-142b)was both ozone depleting substance under restriction of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer(Montreal Protocol)and potent greenhouse gas with high GWP.Controlling its emissions in China will contribute to both mitigating climate change and protecting ozone.A national emission inventory of HCFC-142b for China during 2000–2012 was established and projected to2050 based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the Montreal Protocol,showing that(i)in contrast to the downward trend revealed by existing researches,HCFC-142b emissions kept increasing from 0.1 kt/y in 2000 to the peak of 14.4 kt/y in2012,making China a crucial contributor to global HCFC-142b emissions and(ii)for future emission projections,a continuous increase from 14.9 kt/y in 2013 to 97.2 kt/y in2050 was anticipated under the business-as-usual(BAU)scenarios,while a reduction of about 90%of the projected BAU emissions would be obtained by fulfilling the Montreal Protocol,namely an accumulative mitigation of 1578kt HCFC-142b from 2013 to 2050,equal to 103 kt ODP and 3504 Tg CO2emissions.Emissions from each province in 2012 were also estimated to identify key emission areas.Among the 31 mainland provinces in China(Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan were not included),Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong,and Guangdong had the highest emission ratesin 2012(2.06,1.85,1.52,and 1.04 kt/y,respectively);Zhejiang,Jiangsu,and Shanghai exhibit the strongest emission strength(0.83,0.59,and 0.54 t/km2,respectively),much higher than the average national level of 0.33t/km2.

关键词：二氧化碳排放量中国大陆蒙特利尔议定书消耗臭氧层物质估计温室气体排放清单保护臭氧层

分枝列当寄生甜瓜时吸器形成过程中内源激素的动态变化

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植物保护 2024年第1期50卷 40-47,96页

作者：田芳张学坤姚兆群董雪曹小蕾赵思峰新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区高校重点实验室石河子大学农学院石河子832003

本研究采用石蜡切片和显微观察分析分枝列当寄生甜瓜时的吸器形成过程,利用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)检测吸器形成过程中24种植物内源激素变化。结果表明:分枝列当种子在接种甜瓜根部第3天开始萌发,接种第7天分枝列当吸器顶端稳固地附... 详细信息

本研究采用石蜡切片和显微观察分析分枝列当寄生甜瓜时的吸器形成过程,利用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)检测吸器形成过程中24种植物内源激素变化。结果表明:分枝列当种子在接种甜瓜根部第3天开始萌发,接种第7天分枝列当吸器顶端稳固地附着在寄主根部,吸器侵入甜瓜根皮层,并在甜瓜根皮层细胞内扩展,扩展过程中形成大量的爪状结构,接种第11天时分枝列当吸器细胞与寄主根维管束连接。共有17种植物激素参与了吸器形成过程,其中生长素类吲哚-3-甲醛含量在列当吸器形成过程中降低了83.36%,细胞分裂素类反式玉米素核苷的含量在增长了5.02倍;油菜素内酯含量增长了481.95倍,推测这3类植物激素在分枝列当吸器形成过程中可能起到重要的调控作用。

关键词：分枝列当甜瓜吸器内源激素

Determination of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and moss from Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第9期57卷 992-996页

作者： WANG Qiang SHI YeHong HU JianXin YAO ZiWei fang xuekun DONG YiAn State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation ＆ Pollution Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China National Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre Dalian 116023 China

Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are a class of toxic and persistent chemicals that are often found in the environment.The determination of dioxin-like PCBs in Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica,is reported in this paper.Dioxin-like PCBs were widely distributed in Antarctic soil and moss with concentration of 2.23-27.2 pg/g in soil and 10.4-812 pg/g in moss.The highest concentrations were found in the Ardley Island area and the lowest concentrations on the west coast.The contribution of PCB-118 to the ∑12PCBs ranged from 36.0% to 69.6% in soil,and 17.2% to 43.4% in moss.The congener specific patterns in soil and moss were similar.Long-range atmospheric transport is thought to be the main source of PCBs detected on King George Island.The ∑12PCBs toxic equivalent(TEQ) in soil was 0.400×10?3 to 516×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g with a mean value of 147×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g.PCB-126 had the largest contribution(81.1%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in soil.The ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss ranged from 2.90×10?3 to 1.19 pg/g with a mean value of 0.482 pg/g.PCB-126 was also the largest contributor(91.4%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss.The mean TEQ in moss was about 40 times that in soil.

关键词：南极菲尔德斯半岛二恶英类多氯联苯土壤苔藓测定方法毒性当量最低浓度

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一种适用于网上谈判支持系统的改进遗传算法

计算机工程 2005年第23期31卷 169-171页

作者：周芳柳学坤咸宁学院数学系咸宁437005

为谈判问题建立便于遗传算法处理的数学模型,利用遗传算法的全局收敛性快速寻优,可并行性寻优以及模拟自然进化过程解决最优问题等优点,引入新的局部元启发搜索机制,加速搜索速度,提高搜索效率,克服传统遗传算法在处理永远难忘该类问题... 详细信息

为谈判问题建立便于遗传算法处理的数学模型,利用遗传算法的全局收敛性快速寻优,可并行性寻优以及模拟自然进化过程解决最优问题等优点,引入新的局部元启发搜索机制,加速搜索速度,提高搜索效率,克服传统遗传算法在处理永远难忘该类问题时出现的过早收敛,解缺乏多样性等缺陷,以便于在合理时间内产生协调解。最后,举例说明了该方法的可行性和特殊的优越性。

关键词：网上谈判支持系统元启发遗传局部搜索

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中国控制和管理氢氟碳化物的机遇与挑战

气候变化研究进展 2014年第2期10卷 142-148页

作者：胡建信方雪坤吴婧张剑波北京大学环境科学与工程学院北京100871

控制温室气体排放、减缓气候变化已成为国际社会关注的热点,中国作为温室气体排放大国,承受着巨大的国际压力。未来一段时间内,如果按照发达国家的技术路线,中国的氢氟碳化物(HFCs)的生产和消费将快速增长,其排放量将迅速增加。采用低... 详细信息

控制温室气体排放、减缓气候变化已成为国际社会关注的热点,中国作为温室气体排放大国,承受着巨大的国际压力。未来一段时间内,如果按照发达国家的技术路线,中国的氢氟碳化物(HFCs)的生产和消费将快速增长,其排放量将迅速增加。采用低全球增温潜势(GWP)技术及采取减排措施,HFCs领域具有很大减排潜力;将HFCs减排纳入中国减排温室气体的整体战略中,对推进国家水平的温室气体减排将作出重要贡献。当前,中国面临着重要机遇,比如针对含氟温室气体相对完备的履约机制可保证一定的减排技术转让和资金支持,履约行动将促进相关行业的节能减排与技术创新等;同时中国也面临着挑战,比如HFCs的巨大消费需求及其排放量的迅速增长,尤其是HFCs替代技术存在局限性等。

关键词：气候变化氢氟碳化物控制对策机遇挑战

基于地热供暖项目经济评价的热泵调峰占比优化方法

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天然气工业 2021年第9期41卷 152-159页

作者：王社教康润林冯学坤王凯鸿方朝合曹倩崔梓贤中国石油勘探开发研究院北京市100083 恒泰艾普(北京)云技术有限公司中国石油辽河油田公司供水公司国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司中国石化新星石油新能源研究院

在对地热资源供暖项目进行经济评价时,现有的评价方法仅对确定的方案设计进行经济指标测算,而忽略了热泵调峰占比对建设投资、生产成本、经济指标的影响,不能通过经济指标的约束进行方案设计优化。为此,以某中深层水热型地热供暖项目为... 详细信息

在对地热资源供暖项目进行经济评价时,现有的评价方法仅对确定的方案设计进行经济指标测算,而忽略了热泵调峰占比对建设投资、生产成本、经济指标的影响,不能通过经济指标的约束进行方案设计优化。为此,以某中深层水热型地热供暖项目为例,基于地热供暖项目的全过程分析,研究了不同热泵调峰占比对采灌井数、项目投资、运行成本以及经济效益的影响,进而建立了在预期收益率约束下的热泵调峰占比优化方法:①建立调峰热能与采灌井数、板式换热器面积的关系模型;②建立调峰热能与变动成本的关系模型;③建立工程建设投资与生产运营成本测算模型;④基于现金流模型实现不同热泵调峰占比条件下内部收益率和LCOE指标的快速测算,从而确定基于项目经济评价的最优热泵调峰占比。结论认为:①该优化方法不但可以为项目方案设计提供最优采灌井数和热泵调峰比例等重要参数,而且还可以提供在采暖期因室外温度变化而需要的采灌井数和调峰比例,从而实现降低运行成本、提高经济效益的目标;②研发形成的地热供暖经济评价和风险分析软件,不但可以评价项目的经济性,快速确定最优热泵占比和地热供暖方案,而且还可以明确地热供暖项目运营过程中成本控制的关键要素,调整实际开井数和热泵功率,从而降低运行成本。

关键词：地热资源地热供暖热泵调峰采灌井调峰比例方案设计优化项目收益经济效益