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Patterns of human-wildlife conflict and compensation practices around Daxueshan Nature Reserve, China

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Zoological Research 2018年第6期39卷 406-412页

作者： Cheng Huang xue-You Li Liu-Jun Shi xue-long jiang Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Kunming College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Daxueshan Nature Reserve Yongde Yunnan 677600 China

Understanding the spatial patterns of human-wildlife conflict is essential to inform management decisions to encourage coexistence, but it is constrained by the lack of spatially-explicit data. We collected spatially-implicit data of human-wildlife conflicts from 2009-2015 around Daxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, and investigated the patterns and drivers of these conflicts. A questionnaire was also designed to capture local resident attitudes toward insurance-based compensation for the losses caused by targeted wildlife. We found that the Asiatic black bear （Ursus thibetanus） was the most conflict-prone animal around the reserve, followed by the rhesus macaque （Macaca mulatta） and Southeast Asian sambar （Cervus equinus）. Conflicts were unevenly distributed among seasons, villages, and communities, with several grids identified as conflict hotspots. Poisson models revealed that human-bear conflicts were negatively related to distance to the reserve and proportion of forest, but positively correlated to the proportion of cropland. Binomial models showed that communities affected by crop depredation were positively correlated with the proportion of cropland and negatively correlated with distance to the reserve, whereas communities affected by livestock depredation were negatively correlated with the proportion of cropland. The insurance-based scheme has compensated over 90% of losses, to the satisfaction of 90.6% of respondents. Our results suggest that human-bear conflict could be potentially reduced by eliminating food crops near the reserve boundary and livestock grazing at conflict *** addition, the insurance-based scheme could be replicated at a broader scale with improvement in loss assessment.

关键词： Human-wildlife conflict Asiatic black bear Spatial heterogeneity Insurance scheme Daxueshan Nature Reserve

Impact of letters to the editor and publications in 2023

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 136-137页

作者： Xiu-Ping Zhang xue-long jiang Yong-Gang Yao Editorial Office of ZR&ZRDC Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

A letter to the editor constitutes a short communication addressing a range of topics pertinent to the readership of a journal(Dkhar,2018).This format offers several benefits,such as timeliness,accessibility,innovation,and conciseness,thereby serving as an effective means to disseminate cuttingedge scientific *** the past five years,there has been a considerable increase in the number of letters published,representing the highest growth rate(approximately 20%)observed in the last three decades(Figure 1A).In the field of academic publishing,letters to the editor are typically more concise than typical research papers.

关键词： journal editor Figure

Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 747-749页

作者： xue-You Li Wen-Qiang Hu Hong-Jiao Wang xue-long jiang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

In less than a century,Asia’s largest apex predator,the tiger(Panthera tigris),has been relegated to isolated populations surviving in only a small fraction of its historical *** Medog region,located in Xizang Zizhiqu(Tibet),China,is an important stronghold for this ecologically important apex *** enhance our knowledge of the status of tigers in the Medog region,we carried out a systematic camera trapping survey combined with socioecological data collection between April 2020 and May *** surveyed a 1769 km2 area across the Medog region,with a total valid sampling effort of 43163 camera days from 322 camera *** also collected socioecological data from 27 forest *** documented tigers at eight camera trapping stations at two villages separated by the Jinzhu Tsangpo River,confirming the presence of at least one adult male individual within the Medog *** new records were observed over 80 km northeast of the first record in ***,residents reported tiger sightings in 2020 and likely tiger pugmarks in *** spatially and temporally separate records of tigers in the Medog region provide valuable data for informing species-oriented conservation management and highlight the importance of the region for tiger movement and population ***,although encouraging,our survey also detected human activities that may threaten tigers and their potential *** the future survival of tigers in the Medog region entails anti-poaching patrols and long-term camera trapping *** addition,it is also important to identify and establish corridors that connect the Medog region with the adjacent Zangnan region,which also harbors an important population of tigers.

关键词： northeast harbor trapping

Multilocus phylogeny suggests a distinct species status for the Nepal population of Assam macaques(Macaca assamensis):implications for evolution and conservation

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Zoological Research 2021年第1期42卷 3-13页

作者： Laxman Khanal Mukesh Kumar Chalise Peng-Fei Fan Randall CKyes xue-long jiang Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44613Nepal State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650203China Nepal Biodiversity Research Society(NEBORS) Lalitpur 23513Nepal School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Department of Psychology Global Healthand AnthropologyCenter for Global Field Studyand Washington National Primate Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattle 98195USA

Phylogenetic relationships within the sinica-group of macaques based on morphological,behavioral,and molecular characteristics have remained *** Nepal population of Assam macaques(Macaca assamensis)(NPAM),the westernmost population of the species,is morphologically distinct but has never been used in phylogenetic ***,the phylogenetic relationship of NPAM with other congeners was tested using multiple mitochondrial and Ychromosomal *** divergence times and evolutionary genetic distances among macaques were also *** revealed two major mitochondrial DNA clades of macaques under the sinica-group:the first clade included ***,***,and eastern subspecies of Assam macaque(*** assamensis);the second clade included *** together with species from the eastern and central Himalaya,namely,***,***,and *** the second-clade species,NPAM was the first to diverge from the other members of the clade around 1.9 million years *** results revealed that NPAM is phylogenetically distinct from the eastern Assam macaques and closer to other species and hence may represent a separate *** of its phylogenetic distinctiveness,isolated distribution,and small population size,the Nepal population of sinica-group macaques warrants detailed taxonomic revision and high conservation priority.

关键词： Himalaya Macaques Paraphyletic sinica-group Taxonomy

Karyotypes of field mice of the genus Apodemus (Mammalia： Rodentia) from China

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Zoological Research 2018年第5期39卷 348-355页

作者： Masaharu Motokawa Yi Wu Masashi Harada Yuta Shintaku xue-long jiang Yu-Chun Li Kyoto University Museum Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China School of Life Sciences Guangzhou University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China Laboratory Animal Center Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University Osaka 545-8585 Japan Wildlife Research Center Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8203 Japan Japan Monkey Centre Inuyama Aichi 484-0081 Japan Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Marine College Shandong University(Weihai) Weihai Shandong 264209 China

Karyotypes of four Chinese species of field mice of the genus Apodemus were examined,including Apodemus chevrieri （diploid chromosome number,2n=48,fundamental number of autosomal arms,FNa=56）,*** （2n=48,FNa=48）,*** （2n=48,FNa=48）,and *** （2n=48,FNa=48）.Karyotypes of ***,***,and *** are reported here for the first time,providing useful information for their species *** the karyotypes of all species of Apodemus in Asia,both in this and previous studies,provides a solid overview of the chromosome evolution and species differentiation of the genus in East *** addition to allopatric speciation,chromosome rearrangements likely played an important role in the formation of the four Apodemus species groups as well as speciation within each group in East *** example,increased centromeric heterochromatin in *** may have contributed to the post-mating reproductive isolation from the *** clade.

关键词： Karyotype Chromosome evolution Speciation Taxonomy Field mice

Isolated alpine habitats reveal disparate ecological drivers of taxonomic and functional beta-diversity of small mammal assemblages

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Zoological Research 2020年第6期41卷 670-683页

作者： Wen-Yu Song xue-You Li Zhong-Zheng Chen Quan Li Kenneth Otieno Onditi Shui-Wang He xue-long jiang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223 China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education School of Ecology and EnvironmentAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuAnhui 241000 China

The interpretation of patterns of biodiversity requires the disentanglement of geographical and environmental *** alpine communities are geographically isolated from one another but experience similar environmental *** homogenous habitats may promote speciation but constrain functional trait *** this study,we examined the hypothesis that dispersal limitation promotes taxonomic divergence,whereas habitat similarity in alpine mountains leads to functional *** performed standardized field investigation to sample non-volant small mammals from 18 prominent alpine sites in the Three Parallel Rivers *** estimated indices quantifying taxonomic and functional alpha-and beta-diversity,as well as beta-diversity *** then assessed the respective importance of geographical and environmental predictors in explaining taxonomic and functional *** evidence was found to show that species were more functionally similar than expected in local ***,the taxonomic turnover components were higher than functional ones(0.471±0.230 vs.0.243±0.215),with nestedness components showing the opposite pattern(0.063±0.054 vs.0.269±0.225).This indicated that differences in taxonomic compositions between sites occurred from replacement of functionally similar *** barriers were the key factor influencing both taxonomic total dissimilarity and turnover components,whereas functional betadiversity was primarily explained by climatic factors such as minimum temperature of the coldest *** findings provide empirical evidence that taxonomic and functional diversity patterns can be independently driven by different ecological *** results point to the importance of clarifying different components of beta-diversity to understand the underlying mechanisms of community *** results also shed light on the assembly rules and ecological processes of terrestrial mammal communities in extrem

关键词： Beta-diversity partitioning Community assembly Environmentalstress Habitat homogeneity Hengduan Mountains River barriers Sky islands Tree line

Small mammal diversity of Mt. Kenya based oncarnivore fecal and surface bone remains

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Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 61-69页

作者： Ogeto Mwebi Esther Nguta Veronica Onduso Ben Nyakundi xue-long jiang Esther N.Kioko Osteology Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-African Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ecological dynamics and faunal diversity documentation is normally conducted by direct observation and trapping of live animals. However,surveys of carnivore scat prey and surface bone remains, which are relatively inexpensive, can provide complementary data that expand carnivore diet breadth and may improve accuracy regarding inferences of the ecological dynamics of a given ecosystem. We used this inexpensive method to document species diversity variation with elevation on the leeward(Sirimon) and windward(Chogoria)areas of Mt. Kenya. Bone and fecal specimens were opportunistically collected by walking 2 km in opposite directions from transect points selected at 200-m intervals along the elevational gradient of the study areas. We collected a total of 220 carnivore fecal and owl pellet specimens from both study sites, which were mainly deposited by the spotted hyena(Crocuta crocuta), leopard(Panthera pardus),serval(Leptailurus serval), genet(Genetta sp.), and Mackinder's Cape owl(Bubo capensis mackinderi).Serval scats were the most common, followed by those of the spotted hyena. Scats and bones were found at the lowest density at the lowest elevations,peaked at mid-higher elevations, and then declined at the highest elevations. Based on skeletal analysis only, there were more species in Sirimon(19) than in Chogoria(12). Small fauna(rodents to duiker size bovids) formed the bulk of the identified remains,representing 87.9% of the Sirimon fauna and 90.9% of the Chogoria fauna. The genus Otomys was the dominant prey of the owl and serval in both sites. Three giraffe teeth were found at 3 500 m a.s.l. in Chogoria on the edge of Lake El is, suggesting that it is an occasional visitor to such high elevations. This study underscores the value of fecal and bone surveys in understanding the diet and diversity of mammals in ecological ecosystems,but such surveys should be complemented with analysis of hairs found in scats to obtain a more complete list of carnivore prey at M

关键词： Ecological dynamics Faunal diversity Scats Pellets Mt.Kenya

A new genus of Asiatic short-tailed shrew (Soricidae, Eulipotyphla) based on molecular and morphological comparisons

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Zoological Research 2018年第5期39卷 321-334页

作者： Kai He Xing Chen Peng Chen Shui-Wang He Feng Cheng xue-long jiang Kevin L. Campbell Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada

Blarinellini is a tribe of soricine shrews comprised of nine fossil genera and one extant genus. Blarinelline shrews were once widely distributed throughout Eurasia and North America, though only members of the Asiatic short-tailed shrew genus Blarinella currently persist （mostly in southwestern China and adjacent areas）. Only three forms of Blarinella have been recognized as either species or subspecies However, recent molecular studies indicated a strikingly deep divergence within the genus, implying the existence of a distinct genus-level lineage. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes and one nuclear gene of three Asiatic short-tailed and two North American shrews and analyzed them morphometrically and morphologically. Our molecular analyses revealed that specimens ascribed to B. griselda formed two deeply diverged lineages, one a close relative to B. quadraticauda, whereas the other--comprised of topotype specimens from southern Gansu-iverged from other Blarinella in the middle Miocene （ca. 18.2 million years ago （Ma）, 95% confidence interval=13.4-23.6 Ma）. Although the skulls were similarly shaped in both lineages, we observed several diagnostic characteristics, including the shape of the upper p4. In consideration of the molecular and morphological evidence, we recognize B. griselda as the sole species of a new genus, namely, Pantherina gen. nov. Interestingly, some characteristics of Pantherina griselda are more similar to fossil genera, suggesting it represents an evolutionarily more primitive form than *** of this new genus sheds light on the systematics and evolutionary history of the tribe Blarinellini throughout Eurasia and North America.

关键词： Blarinellini Capture-hybridization Mitogenome Molecular phylogeny Next-generationsequencing Pantherina

Species identification of crested gibbons(Nomascus) in captivity in China using karyotyping-and PCR-based approaches

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Zoological Research 2018年第5期39卷 356-363页

作者： Wen-Hui Nie Jin-Huan Wang Wei-Ting Su Yu Hu Shui-Wang He xue-long jiang Kai He Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kyoto University Museum Kyoto University

Gibbons and siamangs （Hylobatidae） are well-known for their rapid chromosomal evolution,which has resulted in high speciation rate within the *** the other hand,distinct karyotypes do not prevent speciation,allowing interbreeding between individuals in captivity,and the unwanted hybrids are ethically problematic as all gibbon species are endangered or critically ***,accurate species identification is crucial for captive breeding,particularly in China where studbooks are *** based on external morphology is difficult,especially for hybrids,because species are usually similar in *** this study,we employed G-banding karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） as well as a PCR-based approach to examine karyotypic characteristics and identify crested gibbons of the genus Nomascus from zoos and nature reserves in *** characterized and identified five karyotypes from 21 individuals of *** karyotypes and mitochondrial and nuclear genes,we identified three purebred species and three hybrids,including one F2 hybrid between *** and *** results also supported that *** and *** shared the same inversion on chromosome 7,which resolves arguments from previous *** results demonstrated that both karyotyping and DNA-based approaches were suitable for identifying purebred species,though neither was ideal for hybrid *** advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are *** results further highlight the importance of animal ethics and welfare,which are critical for endangered species in captivity.

关键词： F2 hybrid gibbon Fluorescence insitu hybridization Nomascus Pericentric inversion Species identification Animal welfare