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The Probability Density Function Related to Shallow Cumulus Entrainment Rate and Its Influencing Factors in a Large-Eddy Simulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 173-187页

作者： Lei ZHU Chunsong LU Xiaoqi xu Xin HE Junjun LI Shi LUO yuan WANG Fan WANG Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)and Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing 210019China College of Aviation Meteorology Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong SAR 999077China

The process of entrainment-mixing between cumulus clouds and the ambient air is important for the development of cumulus *** obtaining the entrainment rate(λ)is particularly important for its parameterization within the overall cumulus parameterization *** this study,an improved bulk-plume method is proposed by solving the equations of two conserved variables simultaneously to calculateλof cumulus clouds in a large-eddy *** results demonstrate that the improved bulk-plume method is more reliable than the traditional bulk-plume method,becauseλ,as calculated from the improved method,falls within the range ofλvalues obtained from the traditional method using different conserved *** probability density functions ofλfor all data,different times,and different heights can be well-fitted by a log-normal distribution,which supports the assumed stochastic entrainment process in previous *** analysis demonstrate that the relationship betweenλand the vertical velocity is better than other thermodynamic/dynamical properties;thus,the vertical velocity is recommended as the primary influencing factor for the parameterization ofλin the *** results of this study enhance the theoretical understanding ofλand its influencing factors and shed new light on the development ofλparameterization.

关键词： large-eddy simulation cumulus clouds entrainment rate probability density functions spatial and temporal distribution

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Circulating glycated albumin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1802-1810页

作者： Wei Xiong Zhao-Hui Zeng yuan xu Hui Li Hui Lin Department of Medical Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical CollegeZhuzhou 412012Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Outpatient Zhuzhou Second HospitalZhuzhou 412012Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is characterized by glucose intolerance that is first diagnosed during pregnancy,making it the most common complication associated with this *** detection and targeted treatment of GDM can minimize foetal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia and subsequently reduce the associated adverse pregnancy *** studies have inconsistently suggested that the level of glycated albumin(GA)might predict *** To review and synthesize existing evidence to evaluate the relationship between GA levels and the development of *** We sought to compare GA levels between GDM and control groups in this metaanalysis by systematically searching the Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Embase databases for articles published up to June *** analysis utilized the weighted mean difference(WMD)as the primary *** data were meticulously extracted,and the quality of the included studies was ***,we conducted a subgroup analysis based on study region and sample *** assessed heterogeneity using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias through funnel ***,trim-and-fill analysis was employed to detect and address any potential publication *** The meta-analysis included a total of 11 studies involving 5477 participants,comprising 1900 patients with GDM and 3577 control *** synthesized results revealed a notable correlation between elevated GA levels and increased susceptibility to *** calculated WMD was 0.42,with a 95%confidence interval(95%CI)ranging from 0.11 to 0.74,yielding a P value less than *** specific GA levels,the mean GA level in the GDM group was 12.6,while for the control group,it was lower,at *** discrepancy underscores the potential of GA as a biomarker for assessing GDM ***,we explored the levels of glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c)in both *** WMD for HbA1c was 0.19,with a 95%CI ranging from 0.15 to 0.

关键词： Glycated albumin Gestational diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus Meta-analysis Weighted mean difference

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Combatting Pathogenic Bacteria with Synthetic Immunotherapeutics from Chitosan:Antibody Recruiting at Engineered Bacterial Surface with Peptidoglycan Analogs

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1448-1457页

作者： yuan xu Shihao Song Hongwei Duan Yinyue Deng xue-Wei Liu School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371 Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHainan UniversityHaikou 570228 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Shenzhen) Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversitySun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107

The emergence of microbial drug resistance,coupled with the paucity of new antibiotics poses an impending threat to public *** this work,we drew inspiration from synthetic peptidoglycan oligomers and successfully constructed antibody-recruiting peptidoglycan analogs,2a-d,with excellent safety profiles and high efficiencies in recruiting antibodies across different ***,we demonstrated that these peptidoglycan analogs could be readily incorporated into bacteria cell walls,whereby both simple monoclonal and pooled human serum antibodies effectively congregated to the surfaceengineered bacteria,leading to the complete extermination of the engineered bacterial cells both in vitro and in *** peptidoglycan analog agents for recruiting endogenous antibodies to combat pathogenic bacteria enable further development of promising broad-spectrum immunotherapeutics.

关键词： chitosan bacterial infection endogenous antibodies bacterial surface engineering peptidoglycan analogs

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Linearized waveform inversion for vertical transversely isotropic elastic media:Methodology and multi-parameter crosstalk analysis

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 252-271页

作者： Ke Chen Lu Liu Li-Nan xu Fei Hu yuan Yang Jia-Hui Zuo Le-Le Zhang Yang Zhao National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering Unconventional Petroleum Research InstituteChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Aramco Beijing Research Center Aramco AsiaBeijing100102China University of Lausanne LausanneCH-1015Switzerland Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou 072750HebeiChina

Seismic migration and inversion are closely related techniques to portray subsurface images and identify hydrocarbon *** migration aims at obtaining structural images of subsurface geologic *** specifically,seismic migration estimates the reflectivity function(stacked average reflectivity or pre-stack angle-dependent reflectivity)from seismic reflection *** the other hand,seismic inversion quantitatively estimates the intrinsic rock properties of subsurface *** seismic inversion methods are applicable to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs that may exhibit lateral variations in the inverted *** there exist many differences,pre-stack seismic migration is similar with the first iteration of the general linearized seismic ***,seismic migration and inversion techniques assume an acoustic or isotropic elastic *** reservoirs such as shale and tight sand formation have notable anisotropic *** present a linearized waveform inversion(LWI)scheme for weakly anisotropic elastic media with vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)*** is based on two-way anisotropic elastic wave equation and simultaneously inverts for the localized perturbations(ΔVp_(0)/Vp_(0)/Vs_(0)/Vs_(0)/,Δ∈,Δδ)from the long-wavelength reference *** proposed VTI-elastic LWI is an iterative method that requires a forward and an adjoint operator acting on vectors in each *** derive the forward Born approximation operator by perturbation theory and adjoint operator via adjoint-state *** inversion has improved the quality of the images and reduces the multi-parameter crosstalk comparing with the adjoint-based *** have observed that the multi-parameter crosstalk problem is more prominent in the inversion images for Thomsen anisotropy ***,the Thomsen parameter is the most difficult to *** also analyze the multi-parameter crosstalk using scattering radiation patte

关键词： Elastic Anisotropy Least-squares imaging Waveform inversion Computational geophysics

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Improvement of cloud microphysical parameterization and its advantages in simulating precipitation along the Sichuan-Xizang Railway

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 856-873页

作者： Xiaoqi xu Zhiwei HENG Yueqing LI Shunjiu WANG Jian LI yuan WANG Jinghua CHEN Peiwen ZHANG Chunsong LU China Meteorological Administration Transportation Meteorology Key Laboratory Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Institute of Plateau MeteorologyCMAChengdu 610072China State Key Laboratory of Disaster Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China China Meteorological Administration Aerosol-Cloud and Precipitation Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The Sichuan-Xizang Railway is an important part of the railway network in China, and geological disasters, such as mountain floods and landslides, frequently occur in this region. Precipitation is an important cause of these disasters;therefore,accurate simulation of the precipitation in this region is highly important. In this study, the descriptions for uncertain processes in the cloud microphysics scheme are improved;these processes include cloud droplet activation, cloud-rain autoconversion, rain accretion by cloud droplets, and the entrainment-mixing process. In the default scheme, the cloud water content of different sizes corresponds to the same cloud droplet concentration, which is inconsistent with the actual content;this results in excessive cloud droplet size, unreasonable related conversion rates of microphysical process(such as cloud-rain autoconversion), and an overestimation of precipitation. Our new scheme overcomes the problem of excessive cloud droplet size. The processes of cloudrain autoconversion and rain accretion by cloud droplets are similar to the stochastic collection equation, and the mixing mechanism of cloud droplets is more consistent with that occurred during the actual physical process in the cloud. Based on the new and old schemes, multiple precipitation processes in the flood season of 2021 along the Sichuan-Xizang Railway are simulated, and the results are evaluated using ground observations and satellite data. Compared to the default scheme, the new scheme is more suitable for the simulation of cloud physics, reducing the simulation deviation of the liquid water path and droplet radius from 2 times to less than 1 time and significantly alleviating the overestimation of precipitation intensity and range of precipitation center. The average root-mean-square error is reduced by 22%. Our results can provide a scientific reference for improving precipitation forecasting and disaster prevention in this region.

关键词： The Sichuan-Xizang Railway Cloud microphysics Precipitation Model improvement

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Monte Carlo method for evaluation of surface emission rate measurement uncertainty

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 126-136页

作者： yuan-Qiao Li Min Lin Li-Jun xu Rui Luo Yu-He Zhang Qian-Xi Ni Yun-Tao Liu China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing102413China National Key Laboratory for Metrology and Calibration Techniques Beijing102413China Department of Radiation Oncology Hunan Cancer HospitalChangsha410031China The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South UniversityChangsha410031China

The aim of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty of 2πα and 2πβ surface emission rates using the windowless multiwire proportional counter *** study used the Monte Carlo method (MCM) to validate the conventional Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) method.A dead time measurement model for the two-source method was established based on the characteristics of a single-channel measurement system,and the voltage threshold correction factor measurement function was indirectly obtained by fitting the threshold correction *** uncertainty in the surface emission rate was calculated using the GUM method and the law of propagation of *** MCM provided clear definitions for each input quantity and its uncertainty distribution,and the simulation training was realized with a complete and complex mathematical *** results of the surface emission rate uncertainty evaluation for four radioactive plane sources using both methods showed the uncertainty’s consistency E_(n)<0.070 for the comparison of each source,and the uncertainty results of the GUM were all lower than those of the ***,the MCM has a more objective evaluation process and can serve as a validation tool for GUM results.

关键词： Surface emission rate Monte Carlo method Metrology Probability distribution function Dead time Low-energy loss correction Least-squares method

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Performance evaluation of the effect of humic acid on Anammox granular sludge: Apparent morphology, nitrogen removal and microbial community

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2024年第10期144卷 148-158页

作者： Huang, Wenhui xu, Peiling Li, Xiang Huang, Yong Sun, Hao Li, Wei Zhang, Mao Shi, Miao yuan, Yan Suzhou Univ Sci & Technol Sch Environm Sci & Engn Suzhou 215009 Peoples R China Suzhou Tianjun Environm Technol Ltd Co Suzhou 215011 Peoples R China Suzhou Univ Sci & Technol Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Technol & Mat Water Suzhou 215009 Peoples R China Suzhou Hongyu Environm Technol Co Ltd Shares Suzhou 215011 Peoples R China

Humic acid (HA) is a typical refractory organic matter, so it is of great significance to investigate its effect on the performance of Anammox granular sludge. When the dosage of HA day). When HA was between 50 and 100 mg/L, the NRR of Anammox was stable. At this time, the adsorption of HA causes the sludge to gradually turn from red to brown, but the activities of heme and enzymes showed that its capacity was not affected. When HA levels reached 250 mg/L, the NRR dropped to 0.11 kg/(m(3)day). Moderate HA levels promoted the release of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), but excessive HA levels lead to a decrease in EPS concentrations. HA inhibited Anammox activity, which indirectly hindered the transmission of substrate and accumulated substrate toxicity. Although HA promoted the increase of heterotrophic microbial abundance in Anammox system, the microbial diversity decreased gradually. With the increase of HA concentration, the abundance of Candidatus_Brocadia, the main functional microorganism of Anammox system, decreased gradually, while the abundance of Candidatus_Kuenenia increased gradually. (c) 2024 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Anammox Landfill leachate Humic acid Heme Microbial community Enzyme activity MATURE LANDFILL LEACHATE PARTIAL NITRIFICATION-ANAMMOX HEAVY-METALS OZONATION IMPACT REDUCTION OXIDATION EFFICIENT BIOFILM AMMONIA

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Regulating zinc ion transport behavior and solvated structure towards stable aqueous Zn metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 609-626,I0015页

作者： Qiang Ma Aoen Ma Shanguang Lv Bowen Qin Yali xu Xianxiang Zeng Wei Ling yuan Liu Xiongwei Wu College of Materials Engineering Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite MaterialsHenan University of EngineeringZhengzhou 451191HenanChina Nanozyme Medical Center School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410125HunanChina College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina Hunan Province Yin Feng New Energy Co.Ltd. Changsha 410019HunanChina

Aqueous Zn metal batteries(AZMBs)with intrinsic safety,high energy density and low cost have been regarded as promising electrochemical energy storage ***,the parasitic reaction on metallic Zn anode and the incompatibility between electrode and electrolytes lead to the deterioration of electrochemical performance of AZMBs during the *** critical point to achieve the stable cycling of AZMBs is to properly regulate the zinc ion solvated structure and transfer behavior between metallic Zn anode and *** recent years,numerous achievements have been made to resolve the formation of Zn dendrite and interface incompatible issues faced by AZMBs via optimizing the sheath structure and transport capability of zinc ions at electrode-electrolyte *** this review,the challenges for metallic Zn anode and electrode-electrolyte interface in AZMBs including dendrite formation and interface characteristics are *** the influences of different strategies involving designing advanced electrode structu re,artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on Zn anode and electrolyte engineering to regulate zinc ion solvated sheath structure and transport behavior are summarized and ***,the perspectives for the future development of design strategies for dendrite-free Zn metal anode and long lifespan AZMBs are also given.

关键词： aqueous Zn metal batteries Zn metal anode Transport behavior Solvated structure Dendrite-free

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Glycnsisitin A:A promising bicyclic peptide against heart failure that facilitates TFRCmediated uptake of iron in cardiomyocytes

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 3125-3139页

作者： Jichao Zhou yuanyuan Liu Xiaoli Wei Meng yuan xu Zhang Lingfeng Qin Bing Cui Pingping Li Jing Zhang Ziming Feng Jianshuang Jiang Xiang yuan Ruibing xu Zhimeng Zhang Peicheng Zhang Xiaowei Zhang Yanan Yang State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China

Zhigancao decoction is a traditional prescription for treating irregular pulse and palpitations in *** the monarch drug of Zhigancao decoction,the bioactive molecules of licorice against heart diseases remain *** established the HRESIMS-guided method leading to the isolation of three novel bicyclic peptides,glycnsisitins A-C(1-3),with distinctive C-C and C-O-C side-chain-toside-chain linkages from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis(Licorice).Glycnsisitin A demonstrated stronger cardioprotective activity than glycnsisitins B and C in an in vitro model of doxorubicin(DOX)-induced cardiomyocyte *** A treatment not only reduced the mortality of heart failure(HF)mice in a dose-dependent manner but also significantly attenuated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial *** set enrichment analysis(GSEA)of the differentially expressed genes indicated that the cardioprotective effect of glycnsisitin A was mainly attributed to its ability to maintain iron homeostasis in the ***,glycnsisitin A interacted with transferrin and facilitated its binding to the transferrin receptor(TFRC),which caused increased uptake of iron in *** findings highlight the key role of bicyclic peptides as bioactive molecules of Zhigancao decoction for the treatment of HF,and glycnsisitin A constitutes a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of HF.

关键词： Glycyrrhiza uralensis Bicyclic peptides Myocardial energy metabolism Iron homeostasis TFRC

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Exploring the effect of cooling rate on non-isothermal crystallization of copolymer polypropylene by fast scanning calorimetry

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China Foundry 2024年第4期21卷 379-386页

作者： Yang Liao Ye-yuan Hu Kosuke Ikeda Ryoji Okabe Rui-fen Wu Ryota Ozaki Qing-yan xu Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Composite Laboratory Research&Innovation Center Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.Nagasaki 8510392Japan

Polypropylene is commonly used as a binder for ceramic injection molding,and rapid cooling is often encountered during ***,the crystallization behavior of polypropylene shows a strong dependence on cooling rate due to its semi-crystalline ***,the influence of cooling rate on the quality of final product cannot be *** this study,the fast differential scanning calorimetry(FSC)test was performed to study the influence of cooling rate on the non-isothermal crystallization behavior and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of a copolymer polypropylene(PP BC03B).The results show that the crystallization temperatures and crystallinity decrease as the cooling rate *** addition,two exothermic peaks occur when cooling rate ranges from 30 to 300 K·s^(-1),indicating the formation of another crystal ***,Ozawa and Mo equations were used to explore the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics,and it can be concluded that the Mo method is suitable for this study.

关键词： cooling rate crystallization temperature crystallinity non-isothermal crystallization kinetics FSC copolymer polypropylene

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