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Response Evaluation Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Unresectable Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy

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Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 2024年第1期50卷 142-149页

作者： Zhao C.-K. Guan x. Pu Y.-Y. Zhou B.-Y. Wang L.-F. Sun Y.-K. Yin H.-H. x.a H.-S. Wang x. Han H. xu H.-x. Department of Ultrasound Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging Shanghai China Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Objective: The aim of the work described here was to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in response evaluation for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody therapy. Methods: A prospective cohort of consecutive patients with HCC who received combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for unresectable HCC between January 2022 and October 2022 was included in this study. The patients underwent unenhanced ultrasound (US) and CEUS ex.minations before treatment and at follow-up. Changes in the largest diameters of the target tumor on unenhanced US and the largest diameters of the enhancing target tumors on CEUS were evaluated. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 with unenhanced US and magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) with CEUS and CEMRI/CT were used to assess treatment response. Results: A total of 24 HCC patients (23 men and 1 woman; mean age: 56.5 ± 8.5 y; Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C, 62.5%; 29 intrahepatic target tumors) were studied. Calculations of degree of necrosis in the target tumors revealed no significant differences between CEUS and CEMRI/CT (44.5 ± 36.2% vs. 45.3 ± 36.8%, p = 0.862). As for the differentiation of responders from non-responders, the agreement between RECIST version 1.1 of unenhanced US and mRECIST-CEUS was poor (κ coefficient = 0.233). Meanwhile, there was a high degree of concordance between mRECIST-CEUS and mRECIST-CEMRI/CT (κ coefficient = 0.812). Conclusion: CEUS proved to be superior to baseline US and is comparable to CEMRI/CT in defining treatment outcome for combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. © 2023 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

关键词： Anti-angiogenic therapy Anti-PD-1 antibody Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Ex.loring the Influence of Contex. on Emotional Mimicry and Intention: An Affirmation of the Correction Hypothesis

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Behavioral Sciences 2023年第8期13卷

作者： xu x. Hu P. Department of psychology Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

Background: Emotional mimicry, a phenomenon frequently observed in our everyday interactions, is the act of replicating another individual’s facial ex.ression. The Emotion Mimicry in Contex. View and the Correction Hypothesis underscore the critical role of contex. and intention within emotional mimicry. Methods: In two distinct studies, participants were presented with facial ex.ressions of models (happiness and anger) within various contex.s (affiliative, distancing, and neutral). Concurrently, we recorded electromyography (EMG) to index.emotional mimicry, while participants ex.licitly rated the models’ intentions. Results: We observed contex. swiftly influences emotional mimicry within 500 ms, notably when the intentions of contex.s are opposing to the intentions of facial ex.ressions, leading to weakened muscle responses and diminished perceived intention. Furthermore, a notable correlation was discovered in the mimicry of angry faces; the more distancing the contex., the stronger the corrugator supercilii (CS) muscle activity after contex. processing. Conclusions: First, emotional mimicry should not be simply viewed as an output corresponding to the ex.resser’s facial ex.ressions but the dynamic process involving the active participation of the observer. Second, intention serves as a pivotal anchor, effectively integrating facial and contex.ual information. As such, we provided empirical support for the Correction Hypothesis. © 2023 by the authors.

关键词： affiliative intention contex. distancing intention electromyography (EMG) emotional mimicry

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Riverine sulfate sources and behaviors in arid environment,Northwest China:Constraints from sulfur and ox.gen isotopes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 716-731页

作者： Yifu xu Wenjing Liu Bing xu Zhifang xu Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The fate of riverine sulfate ion (SO_(4)^(2-)) and its environmental effects in arid environment are difficult to evaluate due to its complicated sources and strongly coupled behaviors with water cycle which is significantly modified by humans.To understand the sulfur cycle in aquatic systems in arid environment,the chemical and sulfur and ox.gen isotopic compositions (δ^(34)S_(SO4)and δ^(18)O_(SO4)) of major rivers around the Badain Jaran Desert,northwestern China,were investigated.These rivers had averaged SO_(4)^(2-)content at 1336μmol/L,over 10times higher than the global average.The δ^(34)S_(SO4)and δ^(18)O_(SO4)values ranged from-5.3‰to+11.8‰and+1.6‰to+12.8‰,respectively.The end-member analysis and the inverse model showed that riverine sulfate was mainly derived from evaporites dissolution (0-87%),sulfide ox.dation (13%-100%) and precipitation (0-33%),indicating heterogeneity in sulfur sources and behaviors along the river drainage with the lithology variations and climate gradients.Multiple isotopic tools combining with hydro-chemistry compositions could be applied to reveal sulfur cycle in arid environment.Based on the calculation,sulfide ox.dation plays the primary role in the headwater and upstream in the Qilian-Mountains area,where sulfide is widely ex.osed.While the proportion of evaporites dissolution contributing to riverine sulfate is much higher in downstream in a drier environment.Besides,less precipitation and higher temperature can lead to more intensive evaporation,affecting the process of sulfide ox.dation and enhancing the rates of evaporites dissolution and sulfate precipitation in the basin.

关键词： Sulfur and ox.gen isotopes Source apportionment Inverse model Arid environment Inland rivers Northwestern China

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严重肝病表型的肝豆状核变性患者的临床与遗传特征分析

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中华肝脏病杂志 2024年第6期32卷 551-557页

作者： Q Q x.ao Y H xu x.xu Y W Shi H x.Cao x.Q Liu J G Fan Department of Gastroenterology Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China.

目的:探讨肝豆状核变性(HLD)患者严重肝病表型的临床和遗传特征及其预测模型。方法:以1989年1月至2022年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院确诊的HLD住院患者为研究对象,根据受累器官进行临床分型,将有肝病表型者归于肝病组并进一... 详细信息

目的:探讨肝豆状核变性(HLD)患者严重肝病表型的临床和遗传特征及其预测模型。方法:以1989年1月至2022年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院确诊的HLD住院患者为研究对象,根据受累器官进行临床分型,将有肝病表型者归于肝病组并进一步分为严重肝病组和普通肝病组。比较各组患者临床特征及基因变异,多元回归分析严重肝病患者的预测指标。据资料不同采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验或χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果:159例HLD患者中肝病组142例(其中严重肝病组34例,普通肝病组108例),脑病组17例,肝病组和脑病组发病的中位数年龄差异有统计学意义[12.6(7.0,13.3)岁对16.9(11.0,21.5)岁,P<0.01]。83例有基因检测结果的患者累计发现156个ATP7B基因突变位点,其中54例携带p.Arg778Leu基因突变(等位基因频率46.2%)。与其他类型基因突变患者(n=65)相比,p.Arg778Leu纯合突变患者(n=18)血液铜蓝蛋白和白蛋白水平更低,预后指数和Child-Pugh评分、国际标准化比值更高,凝血酶原时间更长(P值均<0.05)。严重肝病组溶血性贫血、角膜K-F环、p.Arg778Leu纯合突变、以及多项实验室指标与普通肝病组相比差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示严重肝病的预测因素为p.Arg778Leu纯合突变、总胆红素、胆汁酸(OR分别为16.512、1.022、1.021,95%CI分别为1.204~226.425、1.005~1.039、1.006~1.037,P值均<0.05),绘制受试者操作特征曲线的界值为0.2153,曲线下面积为0.9532,灵敏度为90.91%,特异度为92.42%。结论:HLD患者肝病表型常见且起病早,总胆红素、胆汁酸、ATP7B基因的p.Arg778Leu纯合突变与HLD患者肝病严重程度相关,有助于预测严重肝病发生风险。

关键词：肝豆状核变性肝衰竭预测因素基因突变列线图诊断

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Biohythane production from two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 334-349页

作者： x.aona An Ying xu x.aohu Dai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

The biotransformation of food waste(FW)to bioenergy has attracted considerable research attention as a means to address the energy crisis and waste disposal problems.To this end,a promising technique is two-stage anaerobic digestion(TSAD),in which the FW is transformed to biohythane,a gaseous mix.ure of biomethane and biohydrogen.This review summarises the main characteristics of FW and describes the basic principle of TSAD.Moreover,the factors influencing the TSAD performance are identified,and an overview of the research status;economic aspects;and strategies such as pre-treatment,co-digestion,and regulation of microbial consortia to increase the biohythane yield from TSAD is provided.Additionally,the challenges and future considerations associated with the treatment of FW by TSAD are highlighted.This paper can provide valuable reference for the improvement and widespread implementation of TSAD-based FW treatment.

关键词： Two-stage anaerobic digestion(TSAD) Food waste(FW) Methane production Hydrogen production

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Identification of high ox.gen-consuming substances in stormwater drainage systems illicitly connected with sewage system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 132-140页

作者： Chen xu Zux.n xu Wenhai Chu Shanshan Wu Rong x.ao Lei Su State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Guangzhou Resource Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510030China

The dissolved ox.gen content in water is an important indicator for assessing the quality of the water environment,and maintaining a certain amount of dissolved ox.gen is essential for the healthy development of the ecological environment.When a water body is anox.c,the activity of anaerobic microorganisms increases and organic matter is decomposed to produce a large number of blackening and odorizing substances,resulting in black and odorous water bodies,which is a very common and typical phenomenon in China.Presently,there is still a relatively universal occurrence of illicitly connected stormwater and sewage pipes in the urban drainage pipe network in China,which makes ox.gen-consuming substances be directly discharged into rivers through stormwater pipes and consume the dissolved ox.gen in the water bodies,resulting in an ox.gen deficiency of the water.This induces seasonal or year-round black and stink phenomena in urban rivers.Hence,identifying high ox.gen-consuming substances,which lays the foundation for the subsequent removal of ox.gen-consuming substances,is essential.Through a series of comparisons of water quality indicators and analysis of organic characteristics,it was found that the ox.gen consumption capacity of domestic sewage was higher than that of industrial wastewater in the selected area of this study,and the ox.gen-consuming substances of domestic sewage were small molecular amino acids.By comparing 20 conventional free amino acids,it was found that seven of them consumed ox.gen easily,and compared with chemical ox.gen consumption,biological ox.gen consumption was in a leading position.

关键词： Urban drainage system Ox.gen-consuming substances Domestic sewage Amino acid

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Aldehyde ox.dase mediated enantioselective metabolic health risk of dinotefuran

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2079-2091页

作者： Liwei xu x.nx.n xu Hua Kuang Chuanlai xu x.aoling Wu State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China

Chiral pollutants often pose significant differential environmental health risks.In this study,the biotransformation of chiral dinotefuran(DIN)and its enantioselective metabolic tox.city mechanisms have been systemically investigated.Firstly,reversedphase chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was developed to quantify the content of DIN R/S chiral enantiomer with pg level sensitivity,revealing a lower elimination rate constant(K_(e))of S-DIN(0.730 h^(-1))than R-DIN(0.746 h^(-1)).Secondly,the interaction mechanism between DIN metabolism and important endogenous bioactive molecules,such as aldehyde ox.dase(AOx.and neurotransmitters,was revealed.The DIN nitro-group was converted into a guanidine group by the reducing site of nearby flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)in AOx.with the preferred higher affinity of S-configuration.Meanwhile,the endogenous tryptophan(Trp)aldehyde metabolic intermediate,5-hydrox.indoleacetaldehyde(5-HIAL),provides a persistent electron donor for DIN reduction via the ox.dation-catalyzed site in AOx.resulting in remarkable up-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.Thirdly,the higher level of neurotransmitters further mediated dysregulation of ox.lipin homeostasis via the serotonergic pathway,where S-DIN ex.ibited more pronounced liver lipid damage and environmental health risk with the accumulated lipid biomarkers,ox.dized triglyceride(Ox.G)and ox.dized sphingomyelin(Ox.M).This study elucidates the AOx.mediated enantioselectivity metabolic pathway of DIN,providing a new analytical method for chiral pollutants and paves the way for their health risk assessments.

关键词： neonicotinoid dinotefuran enantiomer aldehyde ox.dase metabolomics health risk

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Mapping super-resolution image quality

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 178-180页

作者： Megan A.Steves Ke xu Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

The local quality of super-resolution microscopy images can be assessed and mapped by rolling Fourier ring correlation,even when image quality varies within a single image.

关键词： image resolution Mapping

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Controllable chemical redox.reactions to couple microbial degradation for organic contaminated sites remediation:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 428-445页

作者： Bin Chen Jiang xu Lizhong Zhu College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Agriculture&Forest University Lin'an 311300China

Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring.While traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function,coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green,economic,and efficient remediation of contaminated sites.Hence,this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation,mainly focused on the controllable redox.reactions of organic contaminants.The rational design of materials structure,selective generation of reactive ox.gen species,and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical ox.dation.Meanwhile,current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants(i.e.,dechlorination,defluorination,-NO_(2) reduction)is introduced.Combined with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites,several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of view.This review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.

关键词： Soil remediation Groundwater remediation Rational design Reactive species Environmental nanotechnology

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Bioinspired 3D flex.ble devices and functional systems

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 271-295页

作者： xu Cheng Zhangming Shen Yihui Zhang Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Laboratory of Flex.ble Electronics Technology Tsinghua University

Flex.ble devices and functional systems with elaborated three-dimensional(3D) architectures can endow better mechanical/electrical performances, more design freedom, and unique functionalities, when compared to their two-dimensional(2D) counterparts. Such 3D flex.ble devices/systems are rapidly evolving in three primary directions, including the miniaturization, the increasingly merged physical/artificial intelligence and the enhanced adaptability and capabilities of heterogeneous integration.Intractable challenges ex.st in this emerging research area, such as relatively poor controllability in the locomotion of soft robotic systems, mismatch of bioelectronic interfaces, and signal coupling in multi-parameter sensing. By virtue of long-time–optimized materials, structures and processes, natural organisms provide rich sources of inspiration to address these challenges, enabling the design and manufacture of many bioinspired 3D flex.ble devices/systems. In this Review, we focus on bioinspired 3D flex.ble devices and functional systems, and summarize their representative design concepts, manufacturing methods, principles of structure-function relationship and broad-ranging applications. Discussions on ex.sting challenges, potential solutions and future opportunities are also provided to usher in further research efforts toward realizing bioinspired 3D flex.ble devices/systems with precisely programmed shapes,enhanced mechanical/electrical performances, and high-level physical/artificial intelligence.

关键词： bioinspired designs biomimetic 3D structures 3D flex.ble electronics 3D functional systems direct 3D manufacture 2D-to-3D assembly

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