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Boundary Shift of Potential Suitable Agricultural Area in Farming-grazing Transitional Zone in Northeastern China under Background of Climate Change During 20th Century

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第6期23卷 655-665页

作者： YE Yu fang xiuqi School of Geography Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal University

Climate change affected the agricultural expansion and the formation of farming-grazing transitional patterns during historical periods. This study analyzed the possible range of the boundary shift of the potential suitable agriculture area in the farming-grazing transitional zone in the northeastern China during the 20th century. Based on modem weather data, 1 km-resolution land cover data, historical climatic time series, and estimation by using similar historical climatic scenes, the following was concluded： 1） The climate conditions of suitable agriculture areas in the farming-grazing transitional zone in the northeastern China between 1971 and 2000 required an average annual temperature above 1℃ or ≥ 0℃ accumulated temperature above 2500℃-2700℃, and annual precipitation above 350 mm. 2） The northern boundary of the potential suitable agriculture area during the relatively warmer period of 1890-1910 was approximately located at the position of the 1961-2000 area. The northern boundary shifted back to the south by 75 km on average during the colder period of the earlier 20th century, whereas during the modem warm period of the 1990s, the area shifted north by 100 km on average. 3） The western and eastern boundaries of the suitable agricul^re area during the heaviest drought periods between 1920s and 1930s had shifted northeast by 250 km and 125 km, respectively, contrasting to the boundaries of 1951-2008. For the wettest period, that is, the 1890s to the 1910s, the shift of western and eastern boundaries was to the southwest by 125 km and 200 km, respectively, compared with that in the 1951-2008 period. This study serves as a reference for identifying a climatically sensitive area and planning future land use and agricultural production in the study area.

关键词： land cover changes farming-grazing transitional zone climate change agricultural production

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Extreme climate events,migration for cultivation and policies:A case study in the early Qing Dynasty of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第3期50卷 411-421页

作者： fang xiuqi YE Yu ZENG ZaoZao School of Geography Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Based on the historical records of the annual increase in the workforce (men older than 16 years of age), the annual new taxed cropland in the Shengjing area (Northeast China), the extreme climate events in North China, and related management policies in Northeast China during 1661―1680, a case study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the extreme climate events in North China and the migration to Northeast China for cultivation. This study has found that the migration to Northeast China for cultivation from 1661 to 1680 was a response to the drought events that occurred in North China. The upsurge of migration, which occurred in 1665―1680, was a response to the drought period during 1664―1680 in North China while the fewer disasters period in Northeast China. There were three migratory peaks during the upsurge of migration, which corresponded to the three drought events. The peaks of migration, however, often lagged behind the drought events about 1―2 years. The encourag-ing-migration policy, which was adopted to encourage cultivation in Northeast China, did not produce much migration into the region in the early Qing Dynasty. It did, however, provide a policy background, which ensured more than 10000 migrants per year to Northeast China when North China suffered from drought/flood disasters. As a response to the highest peak of migration induced by the severe droughts in North China during 1664―1667, a prohibiting-migration policy restricted further migration to Northeast China was carried out in 1668. Although the prohibiting-migration policy could not entirely stop the migrants fleeing from famine in North China to Northeast China, the migrants and cultivation were significantly reduced under the policy. The frequent changes of the policy on the years when taxation started after the land was cultivated were also related to climate events. The extreme climate events in North China, migration to Northeast China for cultivation, and the relat

关键词： migration cultivation extreme climate event Northeast China Qing Dynasty

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Impacts of inter-sectoral trade on carbon emissions --a case of China in 2007

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第3期6卷 387-402页

作者： xiuqi fang Benyong WEI Yuan WANG School of Geography Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Geology China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China School of Environment Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

With the increase in international trade, more attention has been given to quantifying the impacts of international trade on energy use and carbon emissions. Input-output analysis is a suitable tool for assessing resources or pollutants embodied in trade and it has become a critical tool for performing such analysis. This study estimated the national and sectoral carbon emissions embodied in Chinese international trade using the latest available China input-output table of 2007. The results showed that a significant exporting behavior of embodied carbon emissions existed in China＇s trade. Over 1/3 of the emissions in Chinese domestic production processes were generated for exports in 2007. The net balance of emissions embodied in exports and imports accounted for nearly 30% of China＇s domestic emissions, which means that any policy made to increase the exports would result in a significant growth of China＇s domestic emissions. Since over half of China＇s export trade is processing trade, the re-exported emissions could not be overlooked; otherwise, it would hard to capture the actual emissions generated abroad to obtain China＇s domestic consumption. The enlargement of export scale is a primary driven factor to the rapid growth of China＇s exported emissions. It is necessary for China to adjust its economic and industrial structure to reduce the dependence of economic growth on the export trade. However, when adjusting industry structures or making policies on carbon emission reduction, it will be more reasonable to consider the relationship between production and consumption, rather than just focus on the emission values of sectors＇ direct production, as a large part of carbon emissions emitted by the principal direct polluters were generated to obtain the products which were required by other sectors.

关键词： international trade carbon emissions input-output analysis China

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Rising grain prices in response to phased climatic change during 1736–1850 in the North China Plain

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第11期62卷 1832-1844页

作者： Yanjun WEN xiuqi fang Yang LIU Yikai LI Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Geography and Environment Baoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji 721013China Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research University of HelsinkiHelsinki 00014Finland

Grain price volatility during historical periods is regarded as an important indicator of the impact of climate change on economic system, as well as a key link to adjust food security and social stability. The present study used the wheat prices in Baoding Prefecture, China, during 1736–1850 to explore connections between climatic transition and grain price anomalies in the North China Plain. The main findings were as follows:(1) The grain price change showed an apparent correspondence with climatic transition. The period 1781–1820 was a transition phase, with more extremes and decreased precipitations when the climate shifted from a warm phase to a cold one. Corresponding with the climatic transition, the grain price during 1781–1820 was characterized by that the mean of the original grain price series was significantly higher(lower) than the previous(later)phase, and the variance and anomaly amplitude of the detrended grain price series was the highest during 1736–1850.(2) The correspondence between grain price extremes and drought events occurred in phases. Five grain price extremes occurred following drought events during 1781–1810, while extreme droughts were the direct cause of the grain price spike during 1811–1820.(3) Social stability affected by climate change also played an important role in the grain price spike between 1811 and 1820. Paralleling the pathway of "precipitation-grain production-grain price", climate change could have an impact on grain price via the pathway of "precipitation-grain production-grain price-famine-uprising-grain price", as shown during the Tianli Uprising in 1813. These findings could contribute to an improved understanding of the interaction between climate change and human society during the historical period.

关键词： 18–19th century Climate change Grain price anomalies North China Plain

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Correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events over AD 1525-2000

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第1期30卷 103-118页

作者： fang xiuqi ZHENG Xue ZHANG Xing Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

ENSO is an interannual mode which may be affected by external forcing, such as volcanic eruptions. Based on the reconstructed volcanic eruptions chronology and ENSO sequences, both 195 large volcanic eruptions (VEI≥4) and 398 ENSO (El Niño and La Niña) events were extracted from 1525 to 2000. An analysis of the correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events was performed by matching the large volcanic eruptions with the types and magnitudes of ENSO events present in the 0-2 years after the eruptions. The results show the following: (1) The percentages of ENSO events within the 3 years after the large eruptions had increased to 68.3% from 31.7% compared with those with no-eruptions in the previous 0-2 years. In addition, the ratio of El Niño to La Niña events turned from 2:3 to 1:1, and more El Niño events occurred in the 0 year after eruptions in the low-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and in the tropics but more La Niña events occurred in the 0 year after in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. (2) After the eruptions, the weak (W) El Niño events had increased by 8 percentage points and the very strong (VS) El Niño events had decreased by 10 percentage points; conversely, there was a decrease by 15 percentage points of the weak La Niña events and an increase by 11.4 percentage points of the very strong La Niña events. Specifically, the percentages of strong La Niña events increased to a peak at 1 (+1) year after the eruptions. (3) The percentage of eruptions followed by single-year ENSO was the greatest. The percentage of ENSO events that occurred in the consecutive 2 years following an eruption was approximately equal to the percentage of events that occurred consecutively 3 years following an eruption, and both sets of ENSO magnitudes showed a decreasing trend.

关键词： ENSO large volcanic eruptions(VEI≥4) regional volcanoes relationship

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Spatially explicit reconstruction of cropland cover in Europe from AD 1800 to 2000

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2953-2971页

作者： Jun LI Yu YE xiuqi fang Diyang ZHANG Zhilei WU Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Geographical Science Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China

One of the challenges in global change research is the significant uncertainty in global historical land use and land cover(LUCC)datasets,which are widely used as foundational *** addition to the regional cropland area reconstructions,improving the grid allocation method is another feasible way to raise the reliability of historical LUCC *** this study,an integrated reconstruction of the national cropland areas over the past 200 years was developed for 36 European *** that,the allocation algorithm was built using physiogeographic variables and historical city sites for accounting for land suitability and cultivation preferences,***,cropland data in Europe with a spatial resolution of 5′×5′at five time sections from AD 1800 to 2000 were generated using the optimal allocation algorithm in accordance with the stages of the regional *** results were as follows:(1)The dominant factors governing the distribution of croplands in Europe vary at different agricultural stages,but the results can be merged *** suitability was more optimal for allocation during the modern agricultural stage(AD 1950 and 2000);the priority index combined with land suitability and cultivation preference was more reasonable for allocation during the traditional agricultural stage(AD 1800).The average of the allocations by priority index and the land suitability could be adopted as the allocation results during the transitional stage(AD 1850 and 1900)because the grids for absolute differences within±10 and±20 percentage points between the results obtained from the above two allocations were above 80% and 95%,respectively,which means the two allocation results could be merged.(2)Over the past 200 years,the total cropland area in Europe first increased to a peak in AD 1900 and then ***,the centre of the higher cropland fraction shifted from the western part of Europe in AD 1800 to the eastern part of the continent after AD 1950.(3)

关键词： Land use and land cover change Historical cropland Gridding allocation Europe Past 200 years

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Accuracy Comparison of Gridded Historical Cultivated Land Data in Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第2期27卷 273-285页

作者： YUAN Cun YE Yu TANG Chanchan fang xiuqi School of Geography Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Encyclopedia of China Publishing House Beijing 100037China Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The spatial resolution of source data, the impact factor selection on the grid model and the size of the grid might be the main limitations of global land datasets applied on a regional scale. Quantitative studies of the impacts of rasterization on data accuracy can help improve data resolution and regional data accuracy. Through a case study of cropland data for Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in China, this research compared data accuracy with different data sources, rasterization methods, and grid sizes. First, we investigated the influence of different data sources on gridded data accuracy. The temporal trends of the History Database of the Global Environment （HYDE）, Chinese Historical Cropland Data （CHCD）, and Suwan Cropland Data （SWCD） datasets were more similar. However, differ- ent spatial resolutions of cropland source data in the CHCD and SWCD datasets revealed an average difference of 16.61% when provin- cial and county data were downscaled to a 10 x 10 km2 grid for comparison. Second, the influence of selection of the potential arable land reclamation rate and temperature factors, as well as the different processing methods for water factors, on accuracy of gridded datasets was investigated. Applying the reclamation rate of potential cropland to grid-processing increased the diversity of spatial distri- bution but resulted in only a slightly greater standard deviation, which increased by 4.05. Temperature factors only produced relative disparities within 10% and absolute disparities within 2 km2 over more than 90% of grid cells. For the different processing methods for water factors, the HYDE dataset distributed 70% more cropland in grid cells along riverbanks, at the abandoned Yellow River Estuary （located in Binhai County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province）, and around Hongze Lake, than did the SWCD dataset. Finally, we ex- plored the influence of different grid sizes. Absolute accuracy disparities by unit area for the year 2000 were within 0.1 km2 at a 1 km

关键词： accuracy evaluation spatial resolution grid-processing method grid size historical period

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Accuracy assessment of global historical cropland datasets based on regional reconstructed historical data——A case study in Northeast China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第11期53卷 1689-1699页

作者： Li BeiBei fang xiuqi Ye Yu Zhang XueZhen Beijing Normal Univ Sch Geog Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Historical cropland datasets are fundamental for quantifying the effects of human land use activities on climatic change and the carbon cycle. Two representative global land-use datasets, the Global Land Use Database (termed SAGE dataset) and the Historical Database of the Global Environment (termed HYDE dataset) have been established and used widely. Despite improvement of data quality and methodologies for extracting historical land use information, certain dataset limitations exist that need to be quantified and communicated to users so that they can make informed decisions on whether and how these land-use products should be used. The Cropland data of Northeast China (CNEC) is based on calibrated historical data and a multi-sourced data conversion model, and reconstructs cropland cover change in Northeast China over the last 300 years. Us- ing the CNEC as a reference, we evaluated the accuracy of cropland cover for SAGE and HYDE in Northeast China at spatial scales ranging from the entire Northeast China to provinces and even individual raster grid cells. Neither SAGE nor HYDE reflects real historical land reclamation. Cropland areas in SAGE are overestimated by 20.98 times in 1700 to 1.6 times in 1990. Although HYDE is better, there are significant disagreements in cropland area and distribution between HYDE and CNEC, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. The proportion of total grid cells whose relative error was greater than 100% was 63.55% in 1700 and 53.27% in 1780. Global cropland dataset errors over Northeast China originate mainly from both the reverse calculation method for historical cropland data based on modern spatial patterns, and modern land-use outputs from satellite data.

关键词： LUCC dataset accuracy assessment Northeast China

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Plasma-enabled healing of graphene nano-platelets layer

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 350-359页

作者： xiuqi fang Carles Corbella Denis B.Zolotukhin Michael Keidar Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Physics Tomsk State University of Control Systems and RadioelectronicsTomsk 634050Russia

Graphene platelet networks (GPNs) were deposited onto silicon substrates by means of anodic arc discharge ignited between two graphite *** temperature and pressure of helium atmosphere were optimized for the production of the carbon *** samples were modified or destroyed with different methods to mimic typical environments responsible of severe surface *** emulated conditions were performed by four surface treatments,namely thermal oxidation,substrate overheating,exposition to glow discharge,and metal coating due to arc *** the next step,the samples were regenerated on the same substrates with identical deposition *** and re-growth of GPN samples were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman *** full regeneration of the structural and morphological properties of the samples has proven that this healing method by arc plasma is adequate for restoring the functionality of2D nanostructures exposed to harsh environments.

关键词： graphene platelet networks anodic arc discharge plasma healing scanning electron microscopy Raman spectroscopy

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Impacts of climate warming on heating energy consumption and southern boundaries of severe cold and cold regions in China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第20期52卷 2854-2858页

作者： CHEN Li fang xiuqi LI Shuai School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Harbin Meteorological Bureau Harbin 150080 China Meteorological Bureau of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150001 China

Impacts of climate warming on heating energy consumption and southern boundaries of severe cold and cold regions of China in the past 20 years are analyzed by using daily and monthly average tem- perature data from 590 weather stations in China and based on regulations of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design Rules (GB50019-2003) and Thermal Design Rules for Civil Building (GB50175-93) (China National Standard). The contribution of climate warming to coal saving for heating during cold seasons in major cities is calculated according to indices of coal consumption for heating in major cities during cold seasons defined in Energy Conservation Design Standard for New Heating Residential Buildings (JCJ26-95). Comparing with the period before 1980, southern boundaries of se- vere cold and cold regions shift toward north up to 2 degrees in latitude since the mid-1980s. Theo- retically, climate warming could contribute to 5%―10% coal savings for heating since the mid-1980s in major cities, and even more since the mid-1990s.

关键词：气候变暖中国寒冷地区能源消耗

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