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Application of a ^(137)Cs fingerprinting technique for interpreting responses of sediment deposition of a karst depression to deforestation in the Guizhou Plateau,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第3期54卷 431-437页

作者： ZHANG XinBao BAI XiaoYong liu xiuming Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Deforestation to reclaim land often triggers severe soil erosion in the Guizhou Karst Plateau. 137Cs dating of the deposited sediments in the karst depression bottom was used to estimate soil losses by surface erosion since deforestation started in 1979 on hillslopes in the Shirenzhai catchment, Puding County, Guizhou Province. The catchment has a drainage area of 0.054 km2. The average 137Cs contents of the top and peak layers in five cores of the depression bottom (with an area of 2652 m2), collected in 2009, were 2.35 and 7.25 Bq kg-1, respectively. The medium depths in the depression (which ranged between 84 cm and 113.5 cm with a mean value of 92.1 cm) showed the presence of sediments deposited in 1979. The total volume and weight of the deposited sediments since 1979 were estimated to be 1965 m3 and 2496 t, respectively. The depression bottom can be treated as a temporary impoundment and its sediment trapping efficiency was estimated to be 0.7. The relevant average soil erosion rate on the hillslopes was 2315 t km-2 yr-1 since 1979. The mean 137Cs inventory of the five cores was 7693 Bq m-2, which was ~10 times the local reference inventory of 782 Bq m-2. The total 137Cs activity of the sediments in the bottom was 20.4×106 Bq, and the relevant 137Cs inventory loss from the hillslopes was 358 Bq m-2 (since 1954), which accounted for 45.8% of the reference inventory. As soil erosion was not severe before and after the period of deforestation and following cultivation in 1979-1990, the erosion rates on the hillslopes could potentially reach 7000 t km-2 yr-1.

关键词： 137Cs fingerprinting technique karst depression sediment deposition deforestation response

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Identification of aeolian loess deposits on the Indo-Gangetic Plain(India)and their significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第3期60卷 428-437页

作者： liu xiuming MA MingMing WU HaiBin ZHOU ZiBo Institute of Geography Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian ProvinceCollege of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Department of Environment and Geography Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia

Aeolian loess deposits contain abundant information about the evolution of the *** example,paleoclimate changes recorded in Chinese loess area obtained significant achievement in the past few *** to Chinese loess,research on Indian loess is ***,most studies focus on the Kashmir area located in the southern Himalayas,and studies on other areas are ***,field observations demonstrate that the sediments around the New Delhi-Agra-Jaipur Plain are similar to Chinese loess-paleosol *** example,the boundary between two strata is transitional and without horizontal ***,obvious pedogenic horizons developed among sediment sequences,probably indicating unrecognised aeolian deposits in the Indo-Gangetic Plain(IGP).To confirm this,pilot samples were obtained from the IGP and detailed indoor measurements *** results indicate that the distribution patterns of particle size and rare earth elements(REE) of the pilot samples are similar to Chinese ***,the scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) images of pilot samples show obvious conchoidal fractures,dash-shaped concavities,and abundant small pits that usually form through mechanical *** are typical characteristics of aeolian *** addition,environmental and rock magnetic measurements indicate that the dominant magnetic minerals in the pilot samples are magnetite and maghemite,and that they likely contain small amounts of ***,conventional magnetic parameters are comparable with Chinese *** on this,aeolian loess deposits are widely distributed in the IGP,which may have promoted the development of Indian farming and contributed towards the prosperity of ancient Indian *** study also provides a new and valuable record for the research on paleoclimate changes in the study area in the future.

关键词： Indo-Gangetic Plain Loess deposits Particle size SEM REE Environmental magnetism Ancient civilisation

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Integral sliding mode control of time-delay systems with mismatching uncertainties

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2010年第2期21卷 273-280页

作者： Fu Zhao Yu liu xiuming Yao Baoku Su Space Control and Inertial Technology Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 R R. China

A linear matrix inequality （LMI）-based sliding surface design method for integral sliding mode control of uncertain time- delay systems with mismatching uncertainties is proposed. The uncertain time-delay system under consideration may have mis- matching norm bounded uncertainties in the state matrix as well as the input matrix, A sufficient condition for the existence of a sliding surface is given to guarantee asymptotic stability of the full order slJdJng mode dynamics. An LMI characterization of the slid- ing surface is given, together with an integral sliding mode control law guaranteeing the existence of a sliding mode from the initial time. Finally, a simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： linear matrix inequality integral sliding mode control uncertain time-delay systems mismatching uncertainties.

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Evaluation of the four potential Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundaries in the Nanxiong Basin based on evidences from volcanic activity and paleoclimatic evolution

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第4期64卷 631-641页

作者： Mengting ZHAO Mingming MA Mei HE Yudan QIU xiuming liu School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education Fujian Normal University'Fuzhou 350007China Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Department of Environment and Geography Macquarie UniversitySydney NSW 2109Australia

Determining the location of the Cretaceous-Paleogene(K-Pg) boundary in terrestrial strata is highly significant for studying the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems at the end of the Cretaceous(especially the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs). At present, research on terrestrial K-Pg boundaries worldwide is concentrated in the middle and high latitudes, such as North America and Northeast China. Although many studies have also been carried out in the Nanxiong Basin, located at low latitudes(which has become the standard for dividing and comparing the continental K-Pg stratigraphy in China), many researchers have proposed four possible boundaries from different perspectives. Therefore, the exact location remains to be determined. In this study, the total mercury(Hg) content, environmental magnetism, geochemistry, and other parameters for the samples collected near the four boundaries were determined and compared with existing records. Results indicated that: 1) The total Hg content significantly increased in the upper part of the Zhenshui Formation and Pingling part of the Shanghu Formation with sharp fluctuations. As per latest dating results of Deccan Traps, the significantly high Hg value was attributed to the Deccan Traps eruption. Boundary 1 was located in the middle of the Hg anomaly interval, which was consistent with the relationship between the global K-Pg boundary and time of volcanic eruption. 2) The reconstructed paleoclimate evolution curve revealed that the red sediments in the basin recorded the late Maastrichtian warming event(66.2 Ma). Regarding the relationship between the four boundaries and this warming event, only boundary 1 was found to be closest to the real K-Pg boundary of the Nanxiong Basin.

关键词： Nanxiong Basin K-Pg boundary total Hg content late Maastrichtian warming event

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Rock-magnetic characteristics and mechanisms of the Titel loess-paleosol sequence in northern Serbia since late Middle Pleistocene

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第3期65卷 503-517页

作者： Zhi liu xiuming liu Slobodan B.MARKOVIC Bin LU Ruina HE College of Geography and Environment Baoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji 721013China Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation of Shaanxi Province Baoji 721013China School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Chair of Physical Geography Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovica 321000 Novi SadSerbia

The changing pattern of magnetic characteristics in eastern European loess deposits is the most similar across the world to that of the Chinese Loess Plateau,both of which are dominated by the strength of *** a systematical study to the rock magnetism of eastern European loess is not only helpful for understanding the paleoclimatic information preserved by themselves,but also beneficial for promoting the cognition of the pedogenic mechanism in loess *** this study,a detailed rock-magnetic analysis of seventy loess/paleosol samples,taken from the Titel Loess Plateau in northern Serbia,is carried out for a better understanding of the magnetic records since late Middle *** results provide us some ***,the magnetic susceptibility values of the paleosols in the Titel loess-paleosol sequence are generally less than 100×10^(-8)m^(3)kg^(-1),significantly lower than those of the loess sections in the Chinese Loess Plateau,even though they are under similar climatic ***,the behaviors of the parameters related to the distributions of magnetic particles in these two regions are *** difference in the contents of ferrimagnetic minerals is the leading reason that caused the difference in their magnetic characteristics,but the mechanism is still open to ***,based on the analysis of thermomagnetic curves,a gradually increasing trend of the relative contents of maghemite over the last four glacial-interglacial cycles is *** realization of thermally unstable maghemite from Chinese loess leads us to speculate that the long-term increasing trend of the relative contents of maghemite in Titel loess-paleosol sequence likely is a mineralogical response to the progressive enhancement of continental climate in the Pannonian Basin since the Middle Pleistocene.

关键词： Eastern European loess Magnetic susceptibility Pedogenesis Environmental magnetism Paleoclimate

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Variations regularity of microorganisms and corrosion of cast iron in water distribution system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 177-185页

作者： Wei Qiu Weiyu Li Junguo He Hongyu Zhao xiuming liu Yixing Yuan State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Architecture and Planning Jilin Jianzhu University School of Foreign Languages Harbin University of Science and Technology

Corrosion, one of the most common problems of metal pipe for water supply, generally leads to poor water quality, bacteria proliferation, water capacity decrease and other problems. As microorganisms affect corrosion by changing the characteristics of metal surface, the mechanism of microbial corrosion still remains unclear. The corrosion behavior of ductile cast iron is implemented in the dynamic flow and static conditions, in which variations of water quality and microbial community are analyzed in details. The results show that if the corrosion rate of ductile cast iron decreases, the corrosion of cast iron will result in a lower DO and a higher total iron in bulk water. The number of microorganisms is not a decisive factor of corrosion, even though the counts of bacteria had a close relationship with DO. On the basis of the detection of the 10 kinds of nitratereducing bacteria by Miseq sequencing, NRB of the biofilm biomass accounts for 18.3% on the 30 th day and 20.5% on the 55 th day. Even though aerobic NRBs go into the biofilm later than the facultative anaerobic NRBs, the growth of the anaerobic NRBs is not affected.

关键词： Water distribution system Ductile cast iron pipe Miseq sequencing

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Effects of organic mineral fertiliser on heavy metal migration and potential carbon sink in soils in a karst region

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 539-543页

作者： Ping Chen Yulong Ruan Shijie Wang xiuming liu Bin Lian Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station State Key Laboratory of Environmental GeochemistryInstitute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University

Heavy metal pollution in karst mountainous area of Guizhou has spread due to the long-term exploitation of mineral resources and the improper disposal of environmentally hazardous waste. Heavy metals are characterised by non-degradation, strong toxicity, and constant accumulation, posing a grave threat to karst mountain fragile soil ecosystem. To reduce the harm caused by heavy metal pollution and damage to agricultural products, research was undertaken on the basis of previous work by simulating pot experiments on pak choi cabbage(Brassica rapa chinensis)planted in Cd-contaminated soil: different amounts of organic mineral fertilisers(OMF) compared with chemical fertiliser(CF) were used and by detecting the amount of heavy metal in the mature vegetable, a better fertilisation strategy was developed. The results showed that the Cd content in vegetables grown with CF was 23.70 mg/kg,while that of vegetables grown with OMF and bacterial inoculant was the lowest at 15.13 mg/kg. This suggests that the use of OMF and microbes in karst areas not only promotes plant growth but also hinders plant absorption of heavy metal ions in the soil. In addition, through the collection of pot leachate, the detection of water chemistrycharacteristics, and the calculation of the calcite saturation index, it was found that the OMF method also induces certain carbon sink effects. The results provide a new way in which rationalise the use of OMFs in karst areas to alleviate soil heavy metal pollution and increase soil carbon sequestration.

关键词： Karst Soil pollution Cd Organic mineral fertilisers Carbon sink

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CO_2 seasonal variation and global change: Test global warming from another point of view

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第1期9卷 46-53页

作者： xiuming liu JiaSheng Chen School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal University Department of Environment and Geography Macquarie University

CO2 and temperature records at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, and other observation stations show that the correlation between CO2 and temperature is not significant. These stations are located away from big cities, and in various latitudes and hemi-spheres. But the correlation is significant in global mean data. Over the last five decades, CO2 has grown at an accelerating rate with no corresponding rise in temperature in the stations. This discrepancy indicates that CO2 probably is not the driving force of temperature change globally but only locally （mainly in big cities）. We suggest that the Earth＇s atmospheric concentration of CO2 is too low to drive global temperature change. Our empirical perception of the global warming record is due to the urban heat island effect： temperature rises in areas with rising population density and rising industrial activity. This effect mainly occurs in the areas with high population and intense human activities, and is not representative of global warming. Regions far from cities, such as the Mauna Loa highland, show no evident warming trend. The global monthly mean temperature calculated by record data, widely used by academic researchers, shows R2=0.765, a high degree of correlation with CO2 . However, the R2 shows much less significance （mean R2=0.024） if calculated by each record for 188 selected stations over the world. This test suggests that the inflated high correlation between CO2 and temperature （mean R2=0.765-0.024=0.741） used in reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） was very likely produced during data correction and processing. This untrue global monthly mean temperature has created a picture： human emission drives global warming.

关键词： CO2 Mauna Loa Hawaii seasonal variations greenhouse effect global warming

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Effects of mineral-organic fertilizer on the biomass of green Chinese cabbage and potential carbon sequestration ability in karst areas of Southwest China

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第3期38卷 430-439页

作者： Qibiao Sun Yulong Ruan Ping Chen Shijie Wang xiuming liu Bin Lian Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University Qingdao Pony Testing International Group State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Chinese Academy of Sciences

The karst mountain areas of Southwest China contain barren farmland soils and suffer from nutritional and water deficiencies that affect crop productivity. Hence,it is imperative to apply suitable fertilizers to restore soil fertility and maintain crop yield. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mineral-organic fertilizer(MOF)made of potassic rock and organic waste on the growth of crops. For this purpose, green Chinese cabbage grown using three different fertilization methods including MOF,inorganic fertilizer(IF), and a control was evaluated. We determined soil water content, agronomic characteristics,and biomass of green Chinese cabbage in different treatments. Furthermore, surface runoff from the pot experiments and soil leachate from pot experiments were collected to determine water temperature, pH, and cation and anion concentrations. The results demonstrate thatMOF can improve the soil water-holding capacity of soil,and the basic agronomic characteristics of the cabbage treated with MOF were superior to those with IF. Using MOF can promote the increase in cabbage ***, the concentration of inorganic carbon(largely in the form of HCO_3^-) in surface runoff water treated by MOF was higher than the other treatments, establishing carbon sequestration potential. This work provides a novel and environmentally friendly fertilization pattern in karst areas, which will improve crop yield and also increase the carbon sequestration potential of crops.

关键词： Potassic rock Carbonate Karst Ion chromatograph Carbon sequestration

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Adsorption removal of roxarsone, arsenite(Ⅲ),and arsenate(Ⅴ) using iron-modified sorghum straw biochar and its kinetics

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第3期40卷 409-418页

作者： Shuyan Zang Yingying Zuo Juan Wang xiuming liu Mario Alberto Gomez Lan Wei Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

Arsenic(As)contamination in groundwater is a major problem in many countries,which causes serious health *** this paper,a novel method has been developed for the simultaneous removal of ROX and As(Ⅲ/Ⅴ)using the modified sorghum straw biochar(MSSB).The MSSB was characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier Transform Infrared,and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller(BET)surface *** removal performance of MSSB for ROX,arsenite[As(Ⅲ)],and arsenate(As(Ⅴ))was investigated using batch *** pH of 5,the arsenic concentration of 1.0 mg/L,adsorbent dose of 1.0 g/L,the maximum adsorptioncapacities of ROX,As(Ⅲ),and As(Ⅴ)were 12.4,5.3,and 23.0 mg/g,*** adsorption behaviors were fit well with the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order rate *** results showed that MSSB acted as a highly effective adsorbent to simultaneously remove the composite pollution system consisted of ROX and As(Ⅲ/Ⅴ)in aqueous solutions,providing a promising method in environmental restoration applications.

关键词： Roxarsone Arsenic Arsenate Sorghum straw biochar Adsorption

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