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Seasonal compensation implied no weakening of the land carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere under the 2015/2016 El Niño

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 281-294页

作者： Fangzhong SHI xiuchen wu Xiaoyan LI Philippe CIAIS Hongyan LIU Chao YUE Yuting YANG Shulei ZHANG Shushi PENG Yi YIN Benjamin POULTER Deliang CHEN State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering Beijing Normal University(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519085China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement(LSCE) CEA-CNRS-UVSQUMR821291191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Urban and Environmental Science MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA 91125USA Biospheric Sciences Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg SE-40530Sweden

The recurrent extreme El Niño events are commonly linked to reduced vegetation growth and the land carbon sink over many but discrete regions of the Northern Hemisphere(NH).However,we reported here a pervasive and continuous vegetation greening and no weakened land carbon sink in the maturation phase of the 2015/2016 El Niño event over the NH(mainly in the extra-tropics),based on multiple evidences from remote sensing observations,global ecosystem model simulations and atmospheric CO_(2)inversions.We discovered a significant compensation effect of the enhanced vegetation growth in spring on subsequent summer/autumn vegetation growth that sustained vegetation greening and led to a slight increase in the land carbon sink over the spring and summer of 2015(average increases of 23.34%and 0.63%in net ecosystem exchange from two independent datasets relative to a 5-years average before the El Niño event,respectively)and spring of 2016(6.82%),especially in the extra-tropics of the NH,where the water supply during the pre-growing-season(November of the previous year to March of the current year)had a positive anomaly.This seasonal compensation effect was much stronger than that in 1997 and 1998 and significantly alleviated the adverse impacts of the 2015/2016 El Niño event on vegetation growth during its maturation phase.The legacy effect of water supply during the pre-growing-season on subsequent vegetation growth lasted up to approximately six months.Our findings highlight the role of seasonal compensation effects on mediating the land carbon sink in response to episodic extreme El Niño events.

关键词： El Niño Seasonal compensation effect Vegetation greening Land carbon sink Net ecosystem exchange Legacy effect

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Evidence of advancing spring xylem phenology in Chinese forests under global warming

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第10期66卷 2187-2199页

作者： Huihong XUE Feng SHI Fabio GENNARETTI Yongshuo H.FU Bin HE xiuchen wu Zhengtang GUO Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing100044China Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts Groupe de Recherche enÉcologie de la MRC-AbitibiUniversitédu Québec en Abitibi-TémiscamingueAmosJ9T 2L8Canada College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Phenological responses of vegetation to the ongoing warming trend impact current and future primary productivity.However,few studies focus on wood phenology because its observed data are much scarcer,which hinders the estimation and prediction of forest carbon budgets over large regions.Here,we use a physiological process-based tree-ring growth model(Vaganov-Shashkin model)to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of spring xylem phenology(start of the growing season of xylem,SOS_(x))in tree-ring sites of China during 1962-2016 CE.The model is calibrated on measured tree-ring width chronologies(70 tree-ring chronologies)and successfully validated with field observations of xylogenesis.We found that spring xylem phenology significantly advances during 1962-2016 CE period under global warming,with the rate of advance quickly increasing after the 1990s to an average of 0.25 days per year.The preseason daily mean temperature is the main climatic driver for spring xylem phenology as indicated by its significant correlations with SOS_(x)at most sites(71%).Warmer preseason allows heat requirements for tree growth to be reached more quickly,with increase of 1℃in temperature of preseason anticipates SOS_(x)by 6 to 7 days,which will benefit the radial growth of trees in the relatively cold-humid environments.In addition,the significant positive correlation between the simulated spring xylem phenology and remote sensing derived phenology highlights the primary and secondary growth may be governed by the same variable(temperature)and change in the same direction with global warming.This study provides the long-term perspective on the spring xylem phenology variations covering most of China.

关键词： Tree-ring Xylem Phenology Vaganov-Shashkin model China

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A comprehensive review on coupled processes and mechanisms of soil-vegetation-hydrology, and recent research advances

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第11期65卷 2083-2114页

作者： Zhongkai LI Xiaoyan LI Sha ZHOU Xiaofan YANG Yongshuo FU Chiyuan MIAO Shuai WANG Guanghui ZHANG xiuchen wu Chao YANG Yuanhong DENG State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China School of Geographical Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Research on the coupling of soil,vegetation,and hydrological processes is not only a research hotspot in disciplines such as pedology,ecohydrology and Earth system science but also important for achieving sustainable development.However,scientists from different disciplines usually study the coupling mechanism of soil-vegetation-hydrological processes at very different space and time scales,and the mechanistic connections between different scales are quite few.This article reviewed research advances in coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes at different spatial scales—from leaf stomata to watershed and regional scales—and summarized the spatial upscaling methods and modeling approaches of coupled soil-vegetationhydrological processes.We identify and summarize the following coupling processes:(1)carbon-water exchange in leaf stomata and root-soil interface;(2)changes in soil aggregates and profile hydraulic properties caused by plant roots and water movement;(3)precipitation and soil moisture redistribution by plant canopy and root;(4)interactions between vegetation patches and local hydrological process;(5)links between plant community succession and soil development;and(6)links between watershed/regional water budget and vegetation phenology and production.Meanwhile,the limitations and knowledge gaps in the observations,mechanisms,scaling methods,and modeling approaches of coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes were analyzed.To achieve a deep integration of various coupling processes across different spatiotemporal scales,future work should strengthen multiscale,multifactor and multiprocess soil-vegetation-hydrology coupling observations and mechanism studies,develop new scaling methods,identify different feedback pathways,and take time-variable plant behavior and soil hydraulic properties into account during modeling.

关键词： Ecohydrological process Soil process Plant-soil feedback Modeling approaches Scaling method

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CPSDv0: a forest stand structure database for plantation forests in China

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Big Earth Data 2023年第1期7卷 212-230页

作者： xiuchen wu Xiaofei Jiang Hongyan Liu Craig Allen Xiaoyan Li Pei Wang Zongshan Li Yuting Yang Shulei Zhang Fangzhong Shi Jiaojun Zhu Pengtao Yu Mei Zhou Pengwu Zhao Yanhui Wang Chao Yue Deliang Chen State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking UniversityBeijingChina U.S.Geological Survey-Nebraska Cooperative Fish&Wildlife Research Unit School of Natural Resources423 Hardin HallUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Qingyuan Forest CERNInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China Research Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina Academy of Forestry Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHuhhotChina State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden

Forest stand structure is not only a crucial factor for regulating forest functioning but also an important indicator for sustainable forest management and ecosystem services.Although there exists a few national/global structure databases for natural forests,a country-wide synthetic structure database for plantation forests over China,the world’s largest player in plantation forests,has not been achieved.In this study,we built a country-wide synthetic stand structure database by surveying more than 600 peer-reviewed literature.The database covers tree species,mean stand age,mean tree height,stand density,canopy coverage,diameter at breast height,as well as the associated ancillary in-situ topographical and soil properties.A total of 594 pub-lished studies concerning diverse forest stand structure parameters were compiled for 46 tree species.This first synthesis for stand structure of plantation forests over China supports studies on the evolution/health of plantation forests in response to rapid climate change and intensified disturbances,and benefits country-wide sustainable forest management,future afforestation or reforestation planning.Potential users include those studying forest community dynamics,regional tree growth,ecosystem stability,and health,as well as those working with conservation and sustainable management.This dataset is freely acces-sible at http://***/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00091.

关键词： Stand structure plantation tree age tree height stand density canopy coverage

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Indication of paleoecological evidence on the evolution of alpine vegetation productivity and soil erosion in central China since the mid-Holocene

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第10期64卷 1774-1783页

作者： Ying CHENG Hongyan LIU Hongya WANG Deliang CHEN Philippe CIAIS Yao LUO xiuchen wu &Yi YIN School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgP.O.Box 460S-40530 GothenburgSweden Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement(LSCE) CEA CNRS UVSQGif Sur Yvette 91191France State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125USA

Although alpine ecosystems have been commonly recognized as sensitive to recent climate change,few studies have examined its impact on the long-term productivity of vegetation and soil erosion.Using paleoecological records,these two aspects were examined in the alpine zone of the Taibai Mountains(elevation,3767 m)in monsoon-dominated East Asia since the middle Holocene.Proxies for the productivity of vegetation and severity of soil erosion from high-resolution alpine lacustrine records show that the productivity and soil erosion were closely related to mean annual temperature and summer precipitation from the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM),respectively.Specifically,when the mean annual temperature was low and precipitation was abundant,during 5800–4000 calendar years before the present(cal.yr BP),the alpine ecosystem was characterized by low vegetation productivity and severe soil erosion.However,the productivity increased and soil erosion decreased from 4000 cal.yr BP onwards.These results highlight the role of paleoecological evidence in studying ecosystem services on longer time scales,which is significant in making policies for sustainable development under climate change in regions for which such long-term monitoring data are not available.

关键词： Pollen Vegetation dynamics Alpine lake sediments Erosion intensity Paleoecological indicators

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The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第10期62卷 1551-1563页

作者： Shilong PIAO Xinping ZHANG Anping CHEN Qiang LIU Xu LIAN Xuhui WANG Shushi PENG xiuchen wu College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

The increased frequency of climate extremes in recent years has profoundly affected terrestrial ecosystem functions and the welfare of human society. The carbon cycle is a key process of terrestrial ecosystem changes. Therefore, a better understanding and assessment of the impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle could provide an important scientific basis to facilitate the mitigation and adaption of our society to climate change. In this paper, we systematically review the impacts of climate extremes(e.g. drought, extreme precipitation, extreme hot and extreme cold) on terrestrial ecosystems and their mechanisms. Existing studies have suggested that drought is one of the most important stressors on the terrestrial carbon sink, and that it can inhibit both ecosystem productivity and respiration. Because ecosystem productivity is usually more sensitive to drought than respiration, drought can significantly reduce the strength of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks and even turn them into carbon sources. Large inter-model variations have been found in the simulations of drought-induced changes in the carbon cycle, suggesting the existence of a large gap in current understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses of ecosystem carbon balance to drought, especially for tropical vegetation. The effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle vary across different regions. In general, extreme precipitation enhances carbon accumulation in arid ecosystems, but restrains carbon sequestration in moist ecosystems. However, current knowledge on the indirect effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle through regulating processes such as soil carbon lateral transportation and nutrient loss is still limited. This knowledge gap has caused large uncertainties in assessing the total carbon cycle impact of extreme precipitation. Extreme hot and extreme cold can affect the terrestrial carbon cycle through various ecosystem processes. Note that the severity of such climate extremes depends greatly

关键词： Climate extremes Carbon cycle Carbon sink Vegetation productivity

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Rock crevices determine woody and herbaceous plant cover in the karst critical zone

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第11期62卷 1756-1763页

作者： Hongyan LIU Zihan JIANG Jingyu DAI xiuchen wu Jian PENG Hongya WANG Jeroen MEERSMANS Sophie M.GREEN Timothy A.QUINE College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Faculty of Geographical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute School of WaterEnergy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityCranfield MK43 OALUnited Kingdom Geography CLESUniversity of ExeterExeter EX44SBUnited Kingdom

The study of the critical zones(CZs) of the Earth link the composition and function of aboveground vegetation with the characteristics of the rock layers, providing a new way to study how the unique rock and soil conditions in karst regions affect the aboveground vegetation. Based on survey results of the rocks, soils and vegetation in the dolomite and limestone distribution areas in the karst area of central Guizhou, it was found that woody plant cover increases linearly with the number of cracks with a width of more than 1 mm, while the cover of herbaceous plants shows the opposite trend(p<0.01). The dolomite distribution area is characterized by undeveloped crevices, and the thickness of the soil layer is generally less than 20 cm, which is suitable for the distribution of herbaceous plants with shallow roots. Due to the development of crevices in the limestone distribution area, the soil is deeply distributed through the crevices for the deep roots of trees, which leads to a diversified species composition and a complicated structure in the aboveground vegetation. Based on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) remote sensing data from 2001 to 2010, the normalized differentiated vegetation index(NDVI) and annual net primary productivity(NPP) results for each phase of a 16-day interval further indicate that the NDVI of the limestone distribution area is significantly higher than that in the dolomite distribution area, but the average annual NPP is the opposite. The results of this paper indicate that in karst CZs, the lithology determines the structure and distribution of the soil, which further determines the cover of woody and herbaceous plants in the aboveground vegetation. Although the amount of soil in the limestone area may be less than that in the dolomite area, the developed crevice structure is more suitable for the growth of trees with deep roots, and the vegetation activity is strong. At present, the treatment of rocky desertification in karst regions needs to fully consider the rock-s

关键词： Vegetation composition Vegetation productivity Dolomite Limestone Karst critical zone

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Exposures to temperature beyond threshold disproportionately reduce vegetation growth in the northern hemisphere

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 786-795页

作者： xiuchen wu Weichao Guo Hongyan Liu Xiaoyan Li Changhui Peng Craig D.Allen Cicheng Zhang Pei Wang Tingting Pei Yujun Ma Yuhong Tian Zhaoliang Song Wenquan Zhu Yang Wang Zongshan Li Deliang Chen State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University College of Urban and Environmental Science Peking University Institute of Environment Sciences University of Quebec at Montreal US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterJemez Mountains Field Station Institute of the Surface-Earth System Science Research Tianjin University State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Gothenburg

In recent decades, terrestrial vegetation in the northern hemisphere(NH) has been exposed to warming and more extremely high temperatures. However, the consequences of these changes for terrestrial vegetation growth remain poorly quantified and understood. By examining a satellite-based vegetation index, tree-ring measurements and land-surface model simulations, we discovered a consistent convex pattern in the responses of vegetation growth to temperature exposure(TE) for forest, shrub and grass in both the temperate(30?-50?N) and boreal(50?-70?N) NH during the period of 1982-2012. The response of vegetation growth to TE for the three vegetation types in both the temperate and boreal NH increased convergently with increasing temperature, until vegetation type-dependent temperature thresholds were reached. A TE beyond these temperature thresholds resulted in disproportionately weak positive or even strong negative responses. Vegetation growth in the boreal NH was more vulnerable to extremely high-temperature events than vegetation growth in the temporal NH. The non-linear responses discovered here provide new insights into the dynamics of northern terrestrial ecosystems in a warmer world.

关键词： temperature exposure vegetation growth extremely high temperature non-linear response temperate and boreal northern hemisphere

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高寒草甸生态系统降雨事件对不同深度土壤碳释放的试验分析

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生态学报 2022年第8期42卷 3315-3324页

作者：邓钰婧李小雁胡霞吴秀臣王佩北京师范大学地理科学学部自然资源学院北京100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京100875

以青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统为研究对象,基于LI-8150土壤CO_(2)通量全自动连续测量系统及实验设计,对不同深度的土壤碳释放进行了连续原位观测,分析了晴天和5次持续性降水条件下不同深度土壤碳释放特征,结合土壤温湿度的观测,解析了降... 详细信息

以青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统为研究对象,基于LI-8150土壤CO_(2)通量全自动连续测量系统及实验设计,对不同深度的土壤碳释放进行了连续原位观测,分析了晴天和5次持续性降水条件下不同深度土壤碳释放特征,结合土壤温湿度的观测,解析了降雨对不同深度土壤碳释放的影响及机理。结果表明:(1)在0 cm、20 cm、40 cm、70 cm深度处,土壤碳释放均呈现明显的单峰曲线变化特征,其日均值(±标准差)分别为(3.96±0.89)μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)、(5.09±1.79)μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)、(7.83±1.95)μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)和(4.43±1.6)μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)。(2)降雨提高了土壤含水量,显著抑制了土壤碳释放,且对深层的抑制作用显著大于表层。其中,第5次持续性降水事件对土壤水分的补充作用最明显(增量最大),其对土壤碳释放的抑制作用也更显著,并出现负通量(即碳吸收)。随着土壤深度的增加,观测到碳吸收现象愈加显著。(3)不同深度土壤碳释放与土壤温度、水分呈指数或二次曲线相关关系。晴天条件下,土壤含水量较稳定,土壤温度是影响各层土壤碳释放的主导因子;而降雨条件下,土壤含水量变化显著,土壤水分成为主导土壤碳释放的关键因子,并对其可能产生的机理进行了讨论。

关键词：土壤呼吸碳吸收降水土壤温度土壤含水量

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内蒙古东北段森林衰退现状及种群竞争对其生长的影响

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生态学报 2022年第17期42卷 7222-7233页

作者：田育红刘怡青吴秀臣颜孟萱刘凤花栾静雅北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京100875

随着气候变化加剧,中国半干旱区东段发现大量森林衰退现象,威胁到社会生产和环境保护的可持续发展。种群竞争是森林动态的内在驱动因子,当前对该区域森林种群竞争与森林衰退关系的研究尚缺乏足够的依据。选取内蒙古大兴安岭典型森林作... 详细信息

随着气候变化加剧,中国半干旱区东段发现大量森林衰退现象,威胁到社会生产和环境保护的可持续发展。种群竞争是森林动态的内在驱动因子,当前对该区域森林种群竞争与森林衰退关系的研究尚缺乏足够的依据。选取内蒙古大兴安岭典型森林作为研究对象,依据Hegyi单木竞争指数模型计算个体水平上和样地水平上的竞争指数,利用树木个体树轮指数(TRI)年表作为个体水平上的衰退指标,利用样地年表(TRI)和胸高断面积增量(BAI)来分析样地水平上的衰退指标,探讨不同尺度上森林衰退状况。探讨个体水平上和样地水平上竞争指数与不同尺度上森林衰退指标之间的关系,分析研究区森林衰退的内因特征。主要结论如下:第一,样地年表与树木个体年表所指示的衰退时段基本一致,结合两者的重合结果,可以得出各样地的衰退年份。不同样地的生长衰退时段有重合的现象,个体年表中超过阈值50%的样地的严重衰退时期年份基本在2001—2005年间,而在样地年表中,样地五岔沟林场(L-WCG1)、五岔沟林场大样地(L-WCG2)、乌尔根(L-WRG)在1989年至1997年都出现生长衰退,样地军达盖林场(L-HDG)、L-WCG1、L-WCG2、L-WRG和s根河(L-GH1)衰退重合期在1998—2003年期间。这是由于这一阶段研究区发生了大规模的干旱事件,导致不同地点的树木生长都受到抑制。第二,各样地中树木个体的五年平均相对胸高断面积增量(rBAI)与个体竞争指数相关的显著性最高,两者的关系可用指数函数方程表达,即rBAI随着个体水平竞争指数的上升而下降。这说明了竞争指数对于树木生长存在显著的影响。而样地竞争指数与近2年、5年和10年内样地胸高断面积均值(BAI_(2)、BAI_(5)、BAI_(10))之间的关系不明显。从种群竞争方面研究中国半干旱区东段的森林衰退影响因素,旨在为森林衰退机理研究提供依据,为半干旱区森林资源可持续发展提供支持。

关键词：半干旱区种群竞争森林衰退样地年表胸高断面积

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