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Recognition of trench basins in collisional orogens:Insights from the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in southern Tibet

Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第12期63卷 2017-2028页

作者： xiumian hu Wei An Eduardo Garzanti Qun Liu Institute of Continental Geodynamics State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits ResearchSchool of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Universitàdi Milano-BicoccaMilano20126Italy

Trench basin,as an important sedimentary repository in oceanic subduction zones,documents faithfully the evolution of paleodrainage and paleogeographic *** of the frequent intense deformation during and after deposition,the recognition of trench-basin strata in orogenic belts is quite *** trench-fill deposits have been identified from the Yarlung Zangbo suture in southern Tibet,which can be classified into two types based on major differences in formation timing and tectonic *** first type developed during subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic slab in the Cretaceous(e.g.,the Jiachala,Rongmawa,and Luogangcuo formations),and the second type developed during the initial stage of the India-Asia collision in the Palaeogene(e.g.,the Sangdanlin-Zheya formations).The former was originally deposited on the subducting oceanic crust and then accreted as tectonic slices into the subduction complex;the latter was deposited unconformably on the continental margin of the subducting Indian plate and then involved in the subduction complex during the continental *** lithologies of trench-basin fills include abyssal chert,siliceous shale,silty to sandy turbidites,debris flows deposits,and slump deposits without *** feeding these basins were chiefly from the uplifted terrane in the upper *** paper summarizes the geological features of trench basins developed in southern Tibet and proposes criteria for recognizing trench-basins in collisional orogens.

关键词： Trench basin.Provenance analysis Yarlung Zangbo suture zone Southern Tibet Cretaceous-Paleocene Himalayan orogen

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Carbonate Ontology and Its Application for Integrating Microfacies Data

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1328-1338页

作者： Yiwei Xu xiumian hu Zhong Han State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PaleontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering.Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Institute of Sedimentary GeologyChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

Carbonate rocks record essential information on changes in paleoclimate and paleoceanography. Abundant geological and geochemical data of carbonate rocks have been accumulated over the past decades;however, most of the data are stored in the published literature with highly unstructured forms, and are thus difficult to reuse. The ontology is a standard knowledge model for data integration, which can promote data storage and reutilization. This study proposes a carbonate ontology that represents the concepts in carbonate microfacies. The carbonate ontology constructed by the top-down process contains 215 terms of classifications and petrographic descriptions of carbonate rocks. Furthermore, carbonate microfacies of the Cretaceous(Aptian) carbonate platform in the Betic Cordillera and Jurassic carbonate platform in Tibet provide the data from case studies for the testing and initial validation of the proposed ontology. The carbonate ontology is under continuous expansion following the bottom-up approach and open access on the website of the deep-time digital Earth(DDE) program.

关键词： ontology carbonate rock carbonate petrography microfacies heterogeneous termino logy DDE knowledge graph

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Unraveling the Cenozoic carbon cycle by reconstructing carbonate compensation depth(CCD)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1743-1758页

作者： Kaixun XIAO xiumian hu Jingxin JIANG Jiahao WANG State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

The Carbonate Compensation Depth(CCD)refers to the depth within the ocean where the production and dissolution rates of carbonates reach equilibrium,widely likened to the oceanic calcareous‘snowline’.The reconstruction of deep-time CCD has significant implications for understanding ocean circulation,seawater chemical conditions,sediment distribution,and the surface carbon *** paper critically reviews the methods for CCD reconstruction,summarizes the driving mechanisms of the Cenozoic CCD evolution and its association with the carbon cycle,and offers insights into future directions for CCD *** reconstruction has evolved over the past half century from early qualitative to quantitative *** methodological improvements have markedly improved the accuracy and resolution of *** studies have indicated a general trend of the CCD deepening across major ocean basins since the Cenozoic,interspersed with a minor shallowing phase during the *** variations in the CCD are primarily influenced by factors such as ocean productivity,weathering,and shelf-basin *** climate events such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum,the CCD exhibits pulselike *** research should focus on precision and quantification while integrating model simulations to further explore the correlations and response mechanisms between the CCD and the paleoclimate as well as the carbon cycle.

关键词： Carbonate Compensation Depth Cenozoic Carbon cycle Paleoclimate Paleoceanography

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Two types of hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic:Environmental impacts, biotic effects, and driving mechanisms

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第8期63卷 1041-1058页

作者： xiumian hu Juan LI Zhong HAN Yongxiang LI State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

A deeper understanding of hyperthermal events in the Earth’s history can provide an important scientific basis for understanding and coping with global warming in the Anthropocene. Two types of hyperthermal events are classified based on the characteristics of the carbon isotope excursion(CIE) of the five representative hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The first type is overall characterized by negative CIEs(NCHE) and represented by the Permian-Triassic boundary event(PTB, ~252 Ma), the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event(TOAE, ~183 Ma), and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum event(PETM, ~56 Ma). The second type is overall characterized by positive CIEs(PCHE) and represented by the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event(OAE1 a, ~120 Ma) and the latest Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event(OAE2, ~94 Ma).Hyperthermal events of negative CIEs(NCHE), lead to dramatic changes in temperature, sedimentation, and biodiversity. These events caused frequent occurrence of terrestrial wildfires, extreme droughts, acid rain, destruction of ozone layer, metal poisoning(such as mercury), changes in terrestrial water system, and carbonate platform demise, ocean acidification, ocean anoxia in marine settings, and various degree extinction of terrestrial and marine life, especially in shallow marine. In contrast,hyperthermal events of positive CIEs(PCHE), result in rapid warming of seawater and widespread oceanic anoxia, large-scale burial of organic matter and associated black shale deposition, which exerted more significant impacts on deep-water marine life,but little impacts on shallow sea and terrestrial life. While PCHEs were triggered by volcanism associated with LIPs in deep-sea environment, the released heat and nutrient were buffered by seawater due to their eruption in the deep sea, thus exerted more significant impacts on deep-marine biota than on shallow marine and terrestrial biota. This work enriches the study of hyperthermal events in geological history, not onl

关键词： Hyperthermal events Paleoclimate Paleoceanography Sedimentary record Large igneous province Mesozoic and Cenozoic Deep-time

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Constraining the timing of the India-Asia continental collision by the sedimentary record

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第4期60卷 603-625页

作者： hu xiumian WANG JianGang AN Wei Eduardo GARZANTI LI Juan State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing University Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology Laboratory for Provenance Studies Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversita di Milano-Bicocca

Placing precise constraints on the timing of the India-Asia continental collision is essential to understand the successive geological and geomorphological evolution of the orogenic belt as well as the uplift mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau and their effects on climate,environment and *** on the extensive study of the sedimentary record on both sides of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone in Tibet,we review here the present state of knowledge on the timing of collision onset,discuss its possible diachroneity along strike,and reconstruct the early structural and topographic evolution of the Himalayan collided *** define continent-continent collision as the moment when the oceanic crust is completely consumed at one point where the two continental margins come into *** use two methods to constrain the timing of collision onset:(1) dating the provenance change from Indian to Asian recorded by deep-water turbidites near the suture zone,and(2) dating the age of unconformities on both sides of the suture *** first method allowed us to constrain precisely collision onset as middle Palaeocene(59±l Ma).Marine sedimentation persisted in the collisional zone for another 20-25 Ma locally in southern Tibet,and molassic-type deposition in the Indian foreland basin did not begin until another 10-15 Ma *** sedimentary evidence failed to firmly document any significant diachroneity of collision onset from the central Himalaya to the western Himalaya and Pakistan so *** on the Cenozoic stratigraphic record of the Tibetan Himalaya,four distinct stages can be identified in the early evolution of the Himalayan orogen:(1) middle Palaeocene-early Eocene earliest Eohimalayan stage(from 59 to 52 Ma):collision onset and filling of the deep-water trough along the suture zone while carbonate platform sedimentation persisted on the inner Indian margin;(2) early-middle Eocene early Eohimalayan stage(from 52 to 41 or 35 Ma):filling of intervening seaways and

关键词： India-Asia continental collision Timing of collision onset Himalayan orogeny Tibet Himalaya Sedimentary record

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Special Topic： Cretaceous greenhouse palaeoclimate and sea-level changes

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 1-4页

作者： xiumian hu Michael WAGREICH Benjamin SAMES State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University China Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology Center for Earth Sciences University of Vienna Austria

Earth＇s climate has oscillated between greenhouse （warm） and icehouse （cold） modes throughout Earth history. At present, Earth is in the midst of an icehouse climate interval, despite the anthropogenic contribution to global warming and sea-level rise due to industrialization during the past two centuries. This led to a dramatic increase in atmospheric CO2, mainly caused by the extensive burning of fossils fuels. The Cretaceous （145 to 66 million years ago） is the youngest prolonged greenhouse climate interval in the Phanerozoic, marked by very high global mean temperatures with some extreme warming peaks （＇hothouse＇ or ＇supergreenhouse＇）, largely absence of permanent continental ice sheets, a mean global sea-level having been some 250 m higher than that of today, and levels of carbon dioxide 4 to 10 times higher than those of the pre-industrial era. If temperature will continue to rise as quickly as in the last three decades, we are close to being at the cusp to a new greenhouse climate interval facing quickly rising global sea-level and reaching atmospheric CO2 levels of the ＇Cretaceous supergreenhouse＇ in about the years 2190-2260 （Hay, 2011）. Evidence from Earth＇s history indicates that glacial-interglacial climate mode changes as well as past sea-level changes such as in the Cretaceous greenhouse occurred at rates orders of magnitude slower than observed at present. The recent rise in global sea-level in response to rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, the associated global warm- ing, and the waning of continental ice shields is a primary concern for human society. To predict future sea-levels we need a better understanding of the record of past sea-level changes, especially in the greenhouse palaeoclimate modes. Therefore, understanding the Cretaceous palaeoclimate is essential for a more accurate prediction of future global climate, sea-level rise and environmental changes in a prospective ＇Cretaceous-like＇ greenhouse Earth.

关键词： greenhouse Cretaceous warming anthropogenic despite throughout

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Corpus of Carbonate Platforms with Lexical Annotations for Named Entity Recognition

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第4期135卷 91-108页

作者： Zhichen hu huali Ren Jielin Jiang Yan Cui xiumian hu Xiaolong Xu School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Institution of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou515021China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China College of Mathematics and Information Science Nanjing Normal University of Special EducationNanjing210023China

An obviously challenging problem in named entity recognition is the construction of the kind data set of *** some research has been conducted on entity database construction,the majority of them are directed at Wikipedia or the minority at structured entities such as people,locations and organizational nouns in the *** paper focuses on the identification of scientific entities in carbonate platforms in English literature,using the example of carbonate platforms in ***,based on the fact that the reasons for writing literature in key disciplines are likely to be provided by multidisciplinary experts,this paper designs a literature content extraction method that allows dealing with complex text ***,based on the literature extraction content,we formalize the entity extraction task(lexicon and lexical-based entity extraction)for entity ***,for testing the accuracy of entity extraction,three currently popular recognition methods are chosen to perform entity detection in this *** show that the entity data set provided by the lexicon and lexical-based entity extraction method is of significant assistance for the named entity recognition *** study presents a pilot study of entity extraction,which involves the use of a complex structure and specialized literature on carbonate platforms in English.

关键词： Named entity recognition carbonate platform corpus entity extraction english literature detection

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The geoscience knowledge system,ontology and knowledge graph for data-driven discovery:Preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 332-333页

作者： xiumian hu Xiaogang Ma Chao Ma Hairong Lv School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityPR China Department of Computer Science University of IdahoUSA Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyPR China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityPR China

Earth science data have shown rapid growth since the 21st century with the improvement of experimental instruments and testing *** provides a basis for revealing the evolutionary history of life,climate,palaeogeography and economic deposits by using big ***,it is a major challenge to integrate Earth science data for the complexity of the Earth system,the great number of terminologies in Earth science,the diversity of research methods and proxies,and the diversification of data types.

关键词： knowledge methods. Earth

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Upper Cretaceous trench deposits of the Neo-Tethyan subduction zone： Jiachala Formation from Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in Tibet, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第9期61卷 1204-1220页

作者： Hanpu FU xiumian hu Erica M. CROUCH Wei AN Jiangang WANG Eduardo GARZANTI State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China GNS Science PO Box 30368 Lower Hurt 5040 New Zealand School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Bering 100029 China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Universita di Milano-Bicocca Milano 20126 Italy

The history of convergence between the India and the Asia plates, and of their subsequent collision which triggered the Himalayan orogeny is recorded in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Exposed along the southern side of the suture, turbidites of the the Jiachala Formation fed largely from the Gangdese arc have long been considered as post-collisional foreland-basin deposits based on the reported occurrence of Paleocene-early Eocene dinoflagellate cysts and pollen assemblages. Because magmatic activity in the Gangdese arc continued through the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene, this scenario is incompatible with U-Pb ages of detrital zircons invariably older than the latest Cretaceous. To solve this conundrum, we carried out detailed stratigraphic, sedimentological, paleontological, and provenance analyses in the Gyangze and Sajia areas of southern Tibet,China. The Jiachala Formation consists of submarine fan deposits that lie in fault contact with the Zongzhuo *** petrography together with U-Pb ages and Hf isotope ratios of detrital zircons indicate provenance from the Gangdese arc and central Lhasa terrane. Well preserved pollen or dinoflagellate cysts microfossils were not found in spite of careful research, and the youngest age obtained from zircon grain was ～84 Ma. Based on sedimentary facies, provenance analysis and tectonic position, we suggest that the Jiachala Formation was deposited during the Late Cretaceous(~88–84 Ma) in the trench formed along the southern edge of Asia during subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.

关键词： Provenance analysis Trench deposits Late Cretaceous Neo-Tethyan oceanic subduction Yarlung Zangbo suturezone Tibet of China

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Burial Records of Reactive Iron in Cretaceous Black Shales and Oceanic Red Beds from Southern Tibet

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第3期81卷 463-469页

作者： huANG Yongjian WANG Chengshan hu xiumian CHEN Xi 1 Research Center for Tibetan Plateau Geology China University of Geosciences （Beijing） Beijing 100083 Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093

One of the new directions in the field of Cretaceous research is to elucidate the mechanism of the sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to oceanic red beds. A chemical sequential extraction method was applied to these two types of rocks from southern Tibet to investigate the burial records of reactive iron. Results indicate that carbonate-associated iron and pyrite are relatively enriched in the black shales, but depleted or absent in red beds. The main feature of the reactive iron in the red beds is relative enrichment of iron oxides （largely hematite）, which occurred during syn-depostion or early diagenesis. The ratio between iron oxides and the total iron indicates an oxygen-enriched environment for red bed deposition. A comparison between the reactive iron burial records and proxies of paleo-productivity suggests that paleo-productivity decreases when the ratio between iron oxides and the total iron increases in the red beds. This phenomenon could imply that the relationship between marine redox and productivity might be one of the reasons for the sedimentary transition from Cretaceous black shale to oceanic red bed deposition.

关键词： reactive iron black shales oceanic red beds Cretaceous southern Tibet

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