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Climate change filtered out resource-acquisitive plants in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 403-413页

作者： Heying Jing Xingshuo xiong Feng Jiang Xucai pu Wenhong Ma Daijiang Li Zhongling Liu Zhiheng Wang Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems,changing community composition and ecosystem functions.However,we still know little about how species with different resource-use strategies(different types of resource usage and plant growth of plants as indicated by the spectrum of plant economic traits,including acquisitive resource-use strategy and conservative resource-use strategy)would change in response to climate change,and how the changes in the diversity of species with different resource-use strategies may influence community-level productivity.Here,using long-term(1982–2017)observatory data in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,we investigated how climate change had affected the species richness(SR)and functional richness(FRic)for the whole community and for species with different resource-use strategies.Specifically,based on data for four traits representing leaf economics spectrum(leaf carbon concentration,leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration,and specific leaf area),we divided 81 plant species appearing in the grassland community into three plant functional types representing resource-acquisitive,medium,and resource-conservative species.We then analyzed the changes in community-level productivity in response to the decline of SR and FRic at the community level and for different resource-use strategies.We found that community-level SR and FRic decreased with drying climate,which was largely driven by the decline of diversity for resource-acquisitive species.However,community-level productivity remained stable because resource-conservative species dominating this grassland were barely affected by climate change.Our study revealed distinctive responses of species with different resource-use strategies to climate change and provided a new approach based on species functional traits for predicting the magnitude and direction of climate change effects on ecosystem functions.

关键词： biodiversity ecological strategy functional diversity functional trait long-term change species diversity

Ultralight Iontronic Triboelectric Mechanoreceptor with High Specific Outputs for Epidermal Electronics

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第6期14卷 1-14页

作者： Hai Lu Wang Zi Hao Guo xiong pu Zhong Lin Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400People’s Republic of China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004People’s Republic of China CUSTech Institute of Technology Wenzhou 325024ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

The pursuit to mimic skin exteroceptive ability has motivated the endeavors for epidermal artificial mechanoreceptors.Artificial mechanoreceptors are required to be highly sensitive to capture imperceptible skin deformations and preferably to be self-powered,breathable,lightweight and deformable to satisfy the prolonged wearing demands.It is still struggling to achieve these traits in single device,as it remains difficult to minimize device architecture without sacrificing the sensitivity or stability.In this article,we present an all-fiber iontronic triboelectric mechanoreceptor(ITM)to fully tackle these challenges,enabled by the high-output mechano-to-electrical energy conversion.The proposed ITM is ultralight,breathable and stretchable and is quite stable under various mechanical deformations.On the one hand,the ITM can achieve a superior instantaneous power density;on the other hand,the ITM shows excellent sensitivity serving as epidermal sensors.Precise health status monitoring is readily implemented by the ITM calibrating by detecting vital signals and physical activities of human bodies.The ITM can also realize acoustic-to-electrical conversion and distinguish voices from different people,and biometric application as a noise dosimeter is demonstrated.The ITM therefore is believed to open new sights in epidermal electronics and skin prosthesis fields.

关键词： Ultralight Iontronic Triboelectric mechanoreceptor Power density Epidermal electronics

Inversely engineered metasurfaces for independent manipulation of transmitted and reflected light fields

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 97-106页

作者： Yongjian Liu Yu Luo Fei Zhang Mingbo pu Hanlin Bao Mingfeng Xu Yinghui Guo Lanting Li xiong Li Xiaoliang Ma Xiangang Luo National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Research Center on Vector Optical Fields Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory Chengdu 610299China

Independent manipulation of transmitted and reflected light fields is a key technology for the realization of multifunctional optical applications,which can be implemented based on multilayered plasmonic or supercell subwavelength structures.However,the former is not suitable for the optical bands,while the latter is insufficient in generating large phase gradients.Here,an adjoint-optimization-based inverse design methodology is proposed,which utilizes the polarization-selective local interference between individual meta-atoms and enables monolayer dielectric metasurfaces to decouple the wavefront of transmitted and reflected optical fields.Moreover,this methodology serves to mitigate the aperiodic electromagnetic crosstalk inherent between adjacent meta-atoms,consequently leading to a significant enhancement in the performance of meta-devices.We analyzed the physical mechanism of adjoint optimization and proposed the concept of phase factors,highlighting their importance in the rapid inverse design of meta-devices—an aspect often overlooked in previous research.To demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of our method,we optimize monolayer metasurfaces with different initial structures.These devices efficiently focus and deflect x-linearly and y-linearly polarized incident light in transmission and reflection spaces,respectively.Overall,this methodology holds immense potential for designing multifunctional,high-performing metasurfaces that meet multiple constraints,opening up broad prospects for applications.

关键词： full-space metasurfaces adjoint optimization inverse design

Stretchable iontronics with robust interface bonding between dielectric and ion-conducting elastomers

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Nano Research 2023年第9期16卷 11862-11870页

作者： Zhongpeng Li Panpan Zhang Yangshi Shao Zi-Hao Guo xiong pu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Dry ion-conducting elastomers(ICEs)are emerging stretchable and ionic conductive materials that are demonstrated with excellent thermal stability and great promise in multifunctional iontronic devices.Nevertheless,the poor interface between the ICEs and the dielectric material is one of the issues hindering the application of the stretchable iontronic device.Herein,a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)based ion-conducting elastomer with dynamic crosslinking structures is reported,which achieves the stretchability of 475%and healing efficiency of 99%.More importantly,a robust interface bonding can be generated between the electrode and the dielectric material,which is beneficial to enhance the performance and lifespan of the flexible iontronic devices.Using this PDMS based ICE as the electrode and PDMS as the dielectric material,two stretchable iontronic devices(triboelectric nanogenerator and capacitive pressure sensor)are realized with overall self-healing and stretchable capabilities.These findings provide a promising strategy to achieve integrate stretchable iontronics or electronics with a robust interface between the electrode and dielectric materials.

关键词： ion-conducting elastomers robust interface iontronics triboelectric nanogenerator pressure sensor

A Dielectric Ink Combining Acrylate and Cyanate Moieties for Inkjet 3D Printing with Good Thermal Stability

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 766-774页

作者： Yi-Xuan Li Liang-Ying Wu Yan Yang Yao-Zhong Lu Zhong-Ying Ji Yu-xiong Guo Xiao-Long Wang Qiao-Sheng pu State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsLanzhou730000China Lanzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Orthopedics and Traumatology Lanzhou730000China Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical EngineeringYantai264006China

Inkjet 3D printing has potential in the additive manufacturing of electronic circuits and devices.However,inks that can be used for printing layers with T5%>300℃ or hardness>200 MPa have been rarely reported.Cyanate ester(CE)polymers have excellent thermal stability,high strength,and low shrinkage compared to other common dielectric inks for inkjet 3D printing,but cannot be quickly shaped by ultraviolet(UV)irradiation or thermal treatment.Combining CEs with UV-curable monomers may be a possible way to accelerate crosslinking,but there are challenges from the adverse effects of the dilution of both monomers.In this study,dielectric inks with acrylate and cyanate moieties were developed.The low viscosity and surface tension of the CE precursor(Bisphenol E cyanate ester)were combined with photocurable acrylate diluent monomers and cross-linker to realize an ink suitable for inkjet 3D printing.An internal dual three-dimensional cross-linked network structure resin was prepared by a combination of photocuring and thermal curing with T5%up to 326.69℃,hardness up to 431.84 MPa,dielectric constant of 2.70 at 8 GHz,and shrinkage of 1.64%.The developed dielectric inks can be applied to the 3D printing of printed circuit boards and other electronic devices that require dielectric properties.

关键词： Inkjet printing Cyanate ester resin 3D doubly cross-linked network Good thermal stability

High mechanical strength Si anode synthesis with interlayer bonded expanded graphite structure for lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 253-263,I0007页

作者： Wenhui Lai Jong Hak Lee Lu Shi Yuqing Liu Yanhui pu Yong Kang Ong Carlos Limpo Ting xiong Yifan Rao Chorng Haur Sow Barbaros Ozyilmaz Department of Material Science&Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore Center for Advanced 2D Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117546Singapore Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117551Singapore Institute forFunctional Intelligent Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117544Singapore

Despite advancements in silicon-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries,their widespread commercial adoption is still hindered by significant volume expansion during cycling,especially at high active mass loadings crucial for practical use.The root of these challenges lies in the mechanical instability of the material,which subsequently leads to the structural failure of the electrode.Here,we present a novel synthesis of a composite combining expanded graphite and silicon nanoparticles.This composite features a unique interlayer-bonded graphite structure,achieved through the application of a modified spark plasma sintering method.Notably,this innovative structure not only facilitates efficient ion and electron transport but also provides exceptional mechanical strength(Vickers hardness:up to658 MPa,Young's modulus:11.6 GPa).This strength effectively accommodates silicon expansion,resulting in an impressive areal capacity of 2.9 mA h cm^(-2)(736 mA h g^(-1)) and a steady cycle life(93% after 100cycles).Such outsta nding performance is paired with features appropriate for large-scale industrial production of silicon batteries,such as active mass loading of at least 3.9 mg cm^(-2),a high-tap density electrode material of 1.68 g cm^(-3)(secondary clusters:1.12 g cm^(-3)),and a production yield of up to 1 kg per day.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Silicon anode Spark plasma sintering Interlayer bonding Mechanical strength Tap density

In situ induced cation-vacancies in metal sulfides as dynamic electrocatalyst accelerating polysulfides conversion for Li-S battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第12期75卷 74-82,I0003页

作者： Rongrong Li Hao Sun Caiyun Chang Yuan Yao xiong pu Wenjie Mai Siyuan Laboratory Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy MaterialsDepartment of PhysicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology School of Electrical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Cation vacancy engineering is considered to be one of the effective methods to solve the issues of shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics of Li PSs owing to the intrinsic tunability of electronic structure.However,cation vacancies are few studied in the Li-S realm due to their complex and rigid preparation methods.In this work,one-step pyrolysis is reported to in situ introduce Fe-vacancies into iron sulfide(Fe_(0.96)S)as a sulfur host.For this host structure,Fe_(0.96)S is first employed as an adsorbent and catalyst in Li-S system.During the carbonization process,a tight contact structure of Fe_(0.96)S crystal and carbon network(Fe_(0.96)S@C)is in situ constructed,and the carbon layer as a conductor provides smooth electrons transfer pathways for redox reactions.Meanwhile,due to the introduction of Fe-vacancies in Fe S crystal,the adsorption capability and catalytic effect for Li PSs have been substantially enhanced.Moreover,the presence of Fe_(0.96)S crystal favors the mobility of electron and diffusion of Li+,which is revealed by the experiments and theoretical calculations.Through synergy respective advantages effect of Fe_(0.96)S and carbon,the Fe_(0.96)S@C-S cathode delivers high-rate capability at 5.0 C and stable long-life performance.Even under a high sulfur loading of 3.5 mg/cm^(2),the durable cyclic stability is still exhibited with the capacity retention of 93%over 400 cycles at 1.0 C,and the coulombic efficiency is≥98%.Noting that this strategy greatly simplifies the synthetic process of currently known cation-vacancy materials and furnishes a universal mentality for designing both divinable and astonishing new cation-vacancy materials.

关键词： Cation vacancy Fe_(0.96)S@C structure Catalytic conversion Lithium-sulfur battery

Performance Characterization of CR/pu Asphalt for Potential Application in Assembled Fast-Repairing Engineering

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 1063-1074页

作者： Hong Pang Ao Lu Ming xiong Chen Chen Xian Cao xiong Xu Jing Wang Hubei Regional Management Headquarters CCCC Asset Management Co.Ltd.Beijing101399China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430073China Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Civil Engineering Materials and Structures Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430073China

Conventional repairing methods for asphalt pavement have some inconveniences,such as insufficient strength,and are typically time-consuming.To address these issues,this study proposes a new technological method to design and prepare a high-performance assembled asphalt concrete block for fast repair of the potholes.A series of composite modified asphalt binders with 10%crumb rubber(CR)and different dosages(0%,1%,3%,5%)of polyurethane(pu)are examined to determine the optimized binder.Subsequently,the corresponding asphalt mixtures are prepared for further comparison and assessment of engineering properties,such as moistureinduced damage,high-temperature deformation,and low-temperature cracking characteristics.The test results show that pu can significantly improve the high-temperature performance and hardness of(crumb rubber modified asphalt)CRMA binder;3%pu contributes allowing the resistance of CRMA mixture to moisture-induced damage at higher levels,particularly under water whole immersion;as 3%pu is added,the high-temperature rutting deformation resistance of the CRMA mixture increases significantly,and the low-temperature anti-cracking properties are also improved slightly.Therefore,the innovatively designed high-quality assembled fast-repairing asphalt concrete block is recommended as an appropriate option for highway maintenance.

关键词： Composite modified asphalt crumb rubber polyurethane assembled fast-repairing asphalt concrete maintenance engineering

一种用于大视场成像和偏振光谱探测的微型可重构超构光学系统

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Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 67-73页

作者： Fei Zhang Minghao Liao Mingbo pu Yinghui Guo Lianwei Chen xiong Li Qiong He Tongtong Kang Xiaoliang Ma Yuan Ke Xiangang Luo State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Research Center on Vector Optical Fields Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory Chengdu 610299China

Wide-angle imaging and spectral detection play vital roles in tasks such as target tracking,object classification,and anti-camouflage.However,limited by their intrinsically different architectures,as determined by frequency dispersion requirements,their simultaneous implementation in a shared-aperture system is difficult.Here,we propose a novel concept to realize reconfigurable dual-mode detection based on electrical-control tunable metasurfaces.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,the simultaneous implementation of wide-angle imaging and polarization-spectral detection in a miniature sharedaperture meta-optical system is realized for the first time via the electrical control of cascaded catenary-like metasurfaces.The proposed system supports the imaging(spectral)resolution of approximately 27.8 line-pairs per millimeter(lp·mm^(-1);~80 nm)for an imaging(spectral)mode from 8 to 14 lm.This system also bears a large field of view of about 70,enabling multi-target recognition in both modes.This work may promote the miniaturization of multifunctional optical systems,including spectrometers and polarization imagers,and illustrates the potential industrial applications of meta-optics in biomedicine,security,space exploration,and more.

关键词： Metasurfaces Reconfigurable Imaging Spectral