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Influence of tourist disturbance on soil properties, plant communities, and surface water quality in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第2期8卷 304-313页

作者： WEN Bin ZHANG Xiaolei YANG Zhaoping xiong heigang QIU Yang Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resource and Environment Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Economic Management Huanghuai UniversityZhumadian 463000China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000China

The impact of tourist disturbance on the environment has become a focal issue of environmental science, ecology, and travel management studies. To assess the influence of tourist disturbance on soils and plants in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang, China, we compared soil properties and plant community characteristics at 0, 5, 10, and 20 m from the tourist trail within areas at three different altitudes, where the intensities of tourist disturbance are distinct. Surface water quality was also studied at three different levels relative to the Tianchi Lake. The results showed that tourist disturbance significantly increased soil pH within 10 m from the trail and soil bulk density on the edge of the trail, but significantly reduced soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents within 5 m from the trail. The number of tree seedlings on the edge of the trail and the shrub coverage and height of herbaceous plants within 5 m from the trail significantly decreased due to tourist disturbance. Changes in herbaceous plant diversity differed by soil zones. In the high altitude region, tourist disturbance led to a remarkable increase in the herbaceous plant diversity on the edge of the trail, while in the low altitude region, tourist disturbance had a low impact on the diversity of herbaceous plants. In addition, tourist activities polluted the surface water, significantly reducing water quality. Thus, current tourist activities have a significant negative impact on the ecological environment in the Tianchi scenic area.

关键词： tourist disturbance soil properties plant communities water quality Tianchi scenic area

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Identifying the influence of urbanization on soil organic matter content and p H from soil magnetic characteristics

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第6期7卷 820-830页

作者： YANG Han xiong heigang CHEN Xuegang WANG Yaqi ZHANG Fang College of Resource and Environment Sciences Xinjiang University College of Geographical Science and Tourism Xinjiang Normal University College of Applied Arts and Science of Beijing Union University

Soil magnetic characteristics are correlated with soil p H and organic matter content. Analyzing soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H can indirectly evaluate soil pollution caused by human activities. This study analyzed the soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H in surface soil samples from different land use types in Shihezi city, a newly and rapidly developing oasis city in Xinjiang of China. The aims of this study were to explore the possible relationships among the soil magnetic parameters and thereby improve the understanding of influence of urbanization on soil properties. Eighty surface soil samples at the depth of 0–10 cm were collected from 29 July to 4 August 2013. The results showed that the magnetic minerals in surface soil were dominated by ferromagnetic minerals. Spatially, the magnetic susceptibility（χLF）, anhysteretic remanent magnetization susceptibility（χARM）, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization（SIRM） and ＂soft＂ isothermal remanent magnetization（SOFT） were found to be most dominant in the new northern urban area B（N-B）, followed by built-up areas（U）, suburban agricultural land（F）, and then the new northern urban area A（N-A）. The values of χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT were higher in the areas with high intensities of human activities and around the main roads. Meanwhile, the property ＂hard＂ isothermal remanent magnetization（HIRM） followed the order of U〉N-B〉F〉N-A. Built-up areas had an average p H value of 7.93, which was much higher than that in the new northern urban areas as well as in suburban agricultural land, due to the increased urban pollutant emissions. The average value of soil organic matter content in the whole study area was 34.69 g/kg, and the values in the new northern urban areas were much higher than those in the suburban agricultural land and built-up areas. For suburban agricultural land, soil organic matter content was significantly negatively correlated with χLF, and had no

关键词： environmental magnetism surface soil p H soil organic matter content

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THE ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GLACIAL DEBRIS FLOW IN THE DUKU HIGHWAY OF TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS, CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 1996年第3期6卷 282-288页

作者： xiong heigang Liu Gengnian Cui Zhijiu Song Changqing Department of Geography Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046PRC Department of Geography Peking UniversityBeijing 100871PRC Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039PRC

Debris flow is one of the most serious natural hazards in the TianshanMountains. According to trigger agent, the debris flow can be divided into stormtype which is caused by flood, and glacial type which is caused by flood from meltingof snow and glacier in hot weather. At present, debris flow causes damage mainly totransportation, sometimes to mining and residents in mountainous area. The catastrophic process and the forming condition of the debris flow show regional regularity,therefore, the research of its distribution, processes, and environmental condition isuseful in mitigating the natural hazard.

关键词： debris flow natural hazard Tianshan Mountains

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Formation and evolution of sand deserts in Xinjiang, Northwest China：II. The palaeo-environmental reconstruction

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2014年第3期24卷 539-559页

作者： ZHU Bingqi YU Jingjie QIN Xiaoguang Patrick RIOUAL ZHANG Yichi xiong heigang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics CAS Beijing 100029 China Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Ministry of Education Urumqi 830046 China

Based on the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental evidences of geological history and human history periods, this paper reviews the researches and progresses on the development of the sandy deserts in Xinjiang. It pointed out that the features of tectonic structure in Xinjiang had made both the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin being influenced greatly by the foehn effects originated from the planetary wind system of westerly, the East Asian ocean-continental monsoon and the topographical mountain-valley winds. The regional patterns of climate and environment since the Quaternary were characterized by the overall persistent drought accompanied by fluctuations in the secondary scale. Formations of aeolian sediments in the basins and at the margins are a potential response to global climate change, particularly the aridification of the Asian hinterland deduced by the uprising of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding highlands. For the question about the formation time of the Tak- lamakan Desert, because the research methods, objects and information carriers used in previous studies are different, there are many disputes in the academic circles at present. Evidences from aeolian deposits/rocks at the edge and in the hinterland of these sandy de- serts and their chronological data indicate that an arid climate and land surface aeolian processes have occurred at the edge of the Tarim Basin and its hinterland areas since the Tertiary period. However, the duration time of these processes at mass scale should have begun after the middle Pleistocene and lasted to the Holocene. Occurrence of dune fields in recent 2000 years in the oasis areas should be greatly influenced by human factors.

关键词： sandy desert Tertiary Quaternary ancient aeolian sediment palaeoclimate change Xinjiang

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Formation and evolution of sand deserts in Xinjiang, Northwest China： I. Provenances of desert sands

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2014年第1期24卷 177-190页

作者： ZHU Bingqi YU Jingjie QIN Xiaoguang Patrick RIOUAL LIU Ziting xiong heigang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics CAS Beijing 100029 China Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Oasis Ecology Ministry of Education Urumqi 830046 China

Sandy desert landscape is a geological product of arid climate and abundant sand materials supply in natural conditions, therefore the formation of sandy desert is an ideal studying object for understanding the interaction between various stratigraphic/epigenetic spheres of the earth system. However, until now, the knowledge about the provenance and formation of these deserts in Xinjiang, Central Asia is diverse and inconsistent, a systematic review is necessary. Ancient aeolian sand sediments in the internal areas of these deserts and their twin dust deposits in the Cenozoic strata surrounding the Xinjiang deserts are direct and indirect clues reflecting the provenance of sand materials and the formation and evolution of deserts. Based on the geochemical, mineralogical and isotopic evidences of desert sands and relevant deposits in the peripheral regions, this paper reviews the research progress on the development of the sandy deserts in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Many proofs proposed that desert sands in Xinjiang were mainly sourced from the ancient pluvial, alluvial and fluvial sediments and were eventually achieved because of the local sand supply. It pointed out that the settings of tectonic structure in Xinjiang had made sediments both in the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin being influenced greatly by regional hydrological system and aeolian processes originated from the planetary wind system of westerly, the East Asian winter monsoon and the topographical mountain-valley winds. However, the directions of transpor- tation paths are different between the hydrological dynamics and the aeolian dynamics, which are decided by the slantwise structures of the basins tectonics and the regional atmospheric circulation routes, respectively, and have determined anisotropies of the transport pathway of these sediments delivered by different agents. This results in a geological cycle of detrital sediment transportation in the two large sediment mixing, alternation and re

关键词： sandy desert provenance hydrodynamic and aeoliandynamic agents sediment transportation Xinjiang

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新疆准东煤田土壤重金属来源分析及风险评价

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农业工程学报 2018年第15期34卷 273-281页

作者：杨磊熊黑刚新疆大学资源与环境科学学院乌鲁木齐830046 新疆农业大学管理学院乌鲁木齐830052 北京联合大学应用文理学院北京100083

为研究准东矿区土壤重金属来源及生态风险,分析了阜康市至准东矿区中间的3个缓冲区共27个土壤样方的As,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn元素重金属含量状况,并利用因子分析、污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对各缓冲区土壤重金属进行了污... 详细信息

为研究准东矿区土壤重金属来源及生态风险,分析了阜康市至准东矿区中间的3个缓冲区共27个土壤样方的As,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn元素重金属含量状况,并利用因子分析、污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对各缓冲区土壤重金属进行了污染来源及风险分析。结果表明:除Cr的总体平均值高于新疆土壤背景值外,其余重金属含量均低于背景值。基于土壤重金属空间分布图显示,除Cu,Hg含量高值分布于C区域土壤外,其余重金属高值均出现在准东矿区(A区域)附近土壤,3个区域各重金属所占比例基本一致,距离矿区越远,变异系数呈减少趋势;污染源分析可知,准东矿区89.3%的Hg来源于煤炭燃烧,40.1%的Pb来源于交通运输,19.65%的As来源于大气降尘,Cu和Cr的主要来源为煤尘,其贡献率分别为60.23%和81.57%,其中29.7%的Cu来源于土壤母质,75.1%的Zn来源于土壤母质;基于污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对不同缓冲区土壤污染风险进行了评价,得出土壤整体呈轻度-中度污染水平,距离矿区越远重金属污染状况越轻。As,Hg,Pb和Cr元素生态风险均呈现缓冲区区域A>区域B>区域C的趋势,距离矿区越远,生态风险越低。潜在生态风险指数与重金属单因子生态风险的大小顺序一致。

关键词：重金属土壤矿区来源分析生态风险

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应用数字照片估算土壤pH的研究

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光谱学与光谱分析 2014年第3期34卷 771-776页

作者：王凯龙熊黑钢张芳新疆大学资源与环境科学学院新疆乌鲁木齐830046 教育部新疆绿洲生态重点实验室新疆乌鲁木齐830046 北京联合大学应用文理学院北京100083

土壤碱化严重威胁干旱区农牧业的发展,传统碱化程度的测定为破坏性取样和实验室分析。为验证利用普通数码相机的可见光光谱快速准确的估测土壤碱化程度的可行性,以土壤pH、野外实测数字照片、端元光谱数据为基础,分析了颜色空间(RGB,HLS... 详细信息

土壤碱化严重威胁干旱区农牧业的发展,传统碱化程度的测定为破坏性取样和实验室分析。为验证利用普通数码相机的可见光光谱快速准确的估测土壤碱化程度的可行性,以土壤pH、野外实测数字照片、端元光谱数据为基础,分析了颜色空间(RGB,HLS,CIEL*a*b*)各参数与土壤pH的相关性,采用偏最小二乘法(PLSR)分别建立了三种颜色空间预测土壤pH的定量模型,并比较了照片数据与端元光谱数据所建立的模型精度的差异。结果表明:三种颜色空间中,虽然大部分参数与土壤pH间均达到了极显著相关水平,但CIEL*a*b*空间各参数与土壤pH的相关性最高,预测模型判定系数R2最高(0.795),并且RMSECV最低(0.084)。预测集也说明了该模型具有较好的精度和稳定性(R2=0.781,RMSEP=0.158)。由于CIEL*a*b*颜色空间各参数间数据冗余小,又避免了RGB空间各参数数值会受设备影响的不足。因此,利用其定量提取土壤碱化信息具有一定优势。数字照片数据与端元光谱数据所建立的预测土壤pH定量模型精度无显著差异。因此,数字照片具有提取土壤碱化信息的潜力。

关键词：数字照片端元光谱偏最小二乘法(PLSR)

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奇台县绿洲农田土壤盐渍化影响因素及逆向演替特征研究

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干旱区资源与环境 2009年第7期23卷 168-175页

作者：韩茜熊黑钢新疆维吾尔自治区发展改革委经济研究院乌鲁木齐830002 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院乌鲁木齐830046 北京联合大学应用文理学院北京100083

在奇台县绿洲中部平原区和绿洲沙漠交错带选择不同耕种时间的农田,分析其剖面土壤可溶性总盐、pH值含量随耕种时间的变化。探讨在地下水埋深不断下降的过程中,不同发展阶段农田土壤盐渍化的时空变化规律。研究表明:奇台县绿洲地下水埋... 详细信息

在奇台县绿洲中部平原区和绿洲沙漠交错带选择不同耕种时间的农田,分析其剖面土壤可溶性总盐、pH值含量随耕种时间的变化。探讨在地下水埋深不断下降的过程中,不同发展阶段农田土壤盐渍化的时空变化规律。研究表明:奇台县绿洲地下水埋深已低于影响地表盐渍化的地下水埋深临界值(5m),地下水矿化度低于3g/L,研究区整体处于有利于土壤盐渍化逆向演替的环境。土壤含盐量与地下水埋深关系最为密切,地下水埋深在3-5m时,土壤脱盐速度最快,大于5m时,含盐量减少的速率明显降低。土壤盐渍化逆向演替具有时空特征。时间特征表现在,无论农田在绿洲的什么位置,耕种时间越长,土壤含盐量越低,盐渍化逆向发展的越好。当农田耕种时间和地下水埋深低于临界值的时间超过20年时,盐渍土基本可以自然恢复为非盐渍土。空间特征表现在,由绿洲下部向上部,土壤盐渍化逆向演替阶段逐渐向高级过渡。

关键词：土壤盐渍化逆向演替奇台县绿洲

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新疆尾闾盐湖滨岸盐碱土中碳酸盐的固碳效应及影响因素

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农业工程学报 2019年第2期35卷 122-127页

作者：张芳熊黑钢张兆永新疆大学资源与环境科学学院乌鲁木齐830046 教育部新疆绿洲生态重点实验室乌鲁木齐830046 北京联合大学应用文理学院北京100083

土壤碳酸盐对现代大气CO_2的截存与土壤中的硅酸盐矿物组成、盐基元素供给、有机碳含量等因子密切相关。该文结合土壤理化性质和碳同位素分馏特性,以新疆艾比湖为例,探讨了干旱区尾闾盐湖滨岸盐碱土中碳酸盐的固碳效应和影响因素,研究... 详细信息

土壤碳酸盐对现代大气CO_2的截存与土壤中的硅酸盐矿物组成、盐基元素供给、有机碳含量等因子密切相关。该文结合土壤理化性质和碳同位素分馏特性,以新疆艾比湖为例,探讨了干旱区尾闾盐湖滨岸盐碱土中碳酸盐的固碳效应和影响因素,研究结果表明:1)土壤碳酸盐是干旱区最重要的碳库,艾比湖滨岸土壤碳酸盐的平均碳密度是有机碳的4.05倍;2)艾比湖滨岸盐碱土中的δ13CSCC介于-7.9‰～0.3‰之间,δ13CSCC与HCO3-存在良好的线性负相关关系,决定系数高达0.669 9,大气碳以重碳酸盐形式存在是次生碳酸盐淀积的关键环节之一;3)土壤δ13CSCC值与硅酸盐矿物阳起石、绿泥石、伊利石存在着良好的线性负相关关系,δ13CSCC值随着富Ca、Mg、Fe矿物的含量增加明显向负向漂移;4)土壤中有机碳含量越高,生物风化过程越强烈时,δ13CSCC负向漂移越大,土壤碳酸盐截存较多大气中的轻碳;当土壤含盐量超过一定程度时,有机过程受到抑制,土壤碳酸盐则截存较多大气中的重碳。因此,干旱区存在着有机-无机耦合固碳效应,提高干旱区植被覆盖,可以增加有机碳库储量,同时,经有机过程分馏转移到土壤中的CO_2可进一步促进土壤硅酸盐矿物风化,使这部分CO_2不再返回大气,而是以碳酸盐形式被长久固存。

关键词：土壤生态碳干旱区尾闾盐湖成土碳酸盐碳稳定同位素分馏固碳效应

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绿洲-荒漠过渡带陆面温度与地表能量关系分析

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中山大学学报（自然科学版） 2012年第5期51卷 120-126页

作者：闫人华熊黑钢张芳新疆大学资源与环境科学学院新疆乌鲁木齐830046 教育部绿洲生态重点实验室新疆乌鲁木齐830046 北京联合大学应用文理学院城市系北京100083

以实测气象资料为基础,通过波文比能量平衡法对芨芨草地地表能量进行计算,深入探讨了不同天气条件下陆面温度变化规律及其与地表能量的关系特征,建立了适合新疆准噶尔盆地东南部绿洲-荒漠过渡带的陆面温度预测模型。结果表明:①受不同... 详细信息

以实测气象资料为基础,通过波文比能量平衡法对芨芨草地地表能量进行计算,深入探讨了不同天气条件下陆面温度变化规律及其与地表能量的关系特征,建立了适合新疆准噶尔盆地东南部绿洲-荒漠过渡带的陆面温度预测模型。结果表明:①受不同天气地表能量特征差异的影响,晴天表层土壤(5 cm、10 cm、15 cm)温度变化呈"S"型曲线,雨天与晴天相似,只是振幅减小,而阴天呈直线下降特征。其中,晴天表层土温峰值出现时间由地表向下呈现每5 cm 2.5 h的滞后性。不论何种天气,40 cm及其以下深层土温几乎没有日变化。②各地表能量分量与表层土壤温度均表现出相关系数值随土壤深度的增加而不断减小,至20 cm负相关性达到最大。③各能量分量对土壤温度的影响程度表现为:土壤热通量(G)最大,其次为净辐射(Rn)和感热(H),潜热(LE)最小。④除H外,不同天气条件下各能量分量与土壤温度相关性均表现为晴天>平均>阴天>雨天,土温对能量变化的反应强度(回归系数)也大体表现出相同的规律。⑤经过检验的陆面温度预测模型表明:湿热性能量因子(LE)对干旱区绿洲-荒漠过渡带陆面温度的影响微弱。

关键词：陆面温度地表能量绿洲-荒漠过渡带天气条件

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