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Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from multiple cooking cuisines and purification efficiency assessments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第8期130卷 163-173页

作者： Hanyu Zhang XuejunWang Xianbao Shen Xin Li BoboWu Guohao Li Huahua Bai xinyue cao Xuewei Hao Qi Zhou Zhiliang Yao School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and ApplicationNational Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research CenterBeijing 100037China

Cooking process can produce abundant volatile organic compounds(VOCs),which are harmful to environment and human health.Therefore,we conducted a comprehensive analysis in which VOCs emissions from multiple cuisines have been sampled based on the simulation and acquisition platform,involving concentration characteristics,ozone formation potential(OFP)and purification efficiency assessments.VOCs emissions varied from 1828.5 to 14,355.1μg/m^(3),with the maximumand minimumvalues fromBarbecue and Family cuisine,respectively.Alkanes and alcohol had higher contributions to VOCs from Sichuan and Hunan cuisine(64.1%),Family cuisine(66.3%),Shandong cuisine(69.1%)and Cantonese cuisine(69.8%),with the dominant VOCs species of ethanol,isobutane and n-butane.In comparison,alcohols(79.5%)were abundant for Huaiyang cuisine,while alkanes(19.7%),alkenes(35.9%)and haloalkanes(22.9%)accounted for higher proportions from Barbecue.Specially,carbon tetrachloride,n-hexylene and 1-butene were the most abundant VOCs species for Barbecue,ranging from 8.8%to 14.6%.The highest OFP occurred in Barbecue.The sensitive species of OFP for Huaiyang cuisine were alcohols,while other cuisines were alkenes.Purification efficiency assessments shed light on the removal differences of individual and synergistic control technologies.VOCs emissions exhibited a strong dependence on the photocatalytic oxidation,with the removal efficiencies of 29.0%–54.4%.However,the high voltage electrostatic,wet purification and mechanical separation techniques played a mediocre or even counterproductive role in the VOCs reduction,meanwhile collaborative control technologies could not significantly improve the removal efficiency.Our results identifiedmore effective control technologies,which were conductive to alleviating air pollution from cooking emissions.

关键词： Cooking emissions Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) VOCs categories Ozone formation potential(OFP) Purification efficiency

Real-world emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines based on a portable emission measurement system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 846-859页

作者： Wenhan Yu Xianbao Shen BoboWu Lei Kong Kaijie Xuan Cheng Zhao xinyue cao Xuewei Hao Xin Li Hanyu Zhang Zhiliang Yao School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Emissions of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines cannot be ignored.Carbonyl compounds can cause the formation of ozone(O3)and secondary organic aerosols,which can cause photochemical smog to form.In this study,20 agricultural machines were tested using portable emission measurement system(PEMS)under real-world tillage processes.The exhaust gases were sampled using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridges,and 15 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Carbonyl compound emission factors for agricultural machines were 51.14–3315.62 mg/(kg-fuel),and were 2.58±2.05,0.86±1.07 and 0.29±0.20 g/(kg-fuel)for China 0,China II and China III emission standards,respectively.Carbonyl compound emission factor for sowing seeds of China 0 agricultural machines was 3.32±1.73 g/(kg-fuel).Formaldehyde,acetaldehyde and acrolein were the dominant carbonyl compounds emitted.Differences in emission standards and tillage processes impact ozone formation potential(OFP).The mean OFP was 20.15±16.15 g O3/(kg-fuel)for the China 0 emission standard.The OFP values decreased by 66.9% from China 0 to China II,and 67.4%from China II to China III.The mean OFP for sowing seeds of China 0 agricultural machines was 25.92±13.84 g O3/(kg-fuel).Between 1.75 and 24.22 times more ozone was found to be formed during sowing seeds than during other processes for China 0 and China II agricultural machines.Total carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in China was 19.23 Gg in 2019.The results improve our understanding of carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in China.

关键词： Agricultural machines Carbonyl compounds Emission characteristics Tillage process PEMS

风险导向审计在企业财务报表审计中的策略研究——以H公司为例

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市场周刊 2024年第16期37卷 155-158页

作者：曹馨月甘肃公航旅石墨烯科技发展有限责任公司甘肃兰州730030

审计工作对企业稳定发展起着重要作用,如何对企业进行有效的审计控制和防范风险是审计工作的关键内容。作为一种以风险为导向的审计方法,将其应用于企业财务报表审计是企业审计创新的重要体现,有助于推动审计工作完整、全面地开展,提升... 详细信息

审计工作对企业稳定发展起着重要作用,如何对企业进行有效的审计控制和防范风险是审计工作的关键内容。作为一种以风险为导向的审计方法,将其应用于企业财务报表审计是企业审计创新的重要体现,有助于推动审计工作完整、全面地开展,提升企业财务报表审计的成效。为深入探究风险导向审计在企业财务报表审计中的价值、途径,文章结合H公司的实际状况,从风险导向审计环境构建、审计智慧化发展、审计风控方案制定三个层面剖析实施策略,并在此基础上对具体的实施成效进行梳理汇总,以为相关企业提供参考与借鉴。

关键词：风险导向审计财务报表审计成效

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Variation characteristics of fine particulate matter and its components in diesel vehicle emission plumes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第9期33卷 138-149页

作者： Xianbao Shen Jiateng Hao Lei Kong Yue Shi xinyue cao Jiacheng Shi Zhiliang Yao Xin Li Bobo Wu Yiming Xu Kebin He State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

A rapid reaction occurs near the exhaust nozzle when vehicle emissions contact the air.Twenty diesel vehicles were studied using a new multipoint sampling system that is suitable for studying the exhaust plume near the exhaust nozzle.The variation characteristics of fine particle matter(PM_(2.5)) and its components in diesel vehicle exhaust plumes were analyzed.The PM_(2.5) emissions gradually increased with increasing distance from the nozzle in the plume.Elemental carbon emissions remained basically unchanged, organic carbon and total carbon(TC) increased with increasing distance.The concentrations of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+) (SNA) directly emitted by the vehicles were very low but increased rapidly in the exhaust plume.The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) reduced 42.7% TC, 40% NO_(3)^(-) emissions, but increased 104% SO_(4)^(2-) and 36% NH_(4)^(+) emissions, respectively.In summary,the SCR reduced 29% primary PM_(2.5) emissions for the tested diesel vehicles.The NH_(4)NO_(3) particle formation maybe more important in the plume, and there maybe other forms of formation of NH_(4)^(+) (eg.NH4Cl).The generation of secondary organic carbon(SOC) plays a leading role in the generation of secondary PM_(2.5).The SCR enhanced the formation of SOC and SNA in the plume, but comprehensive analysis shows that the SCR more enhanced the SNA formation in the plume, which is mainly new particles formation process.The inconsistency between secondary organic aerosol(SOA) and primary organic aerosol definitions is one of the important reasons for the difference between SOA simulation and observation.

关键词： Variation characteristics Diesel vehicle Emission plume PM2.5 Components

石榴F3'H全基因组分析及其在籽粒花色苷合成中的作用

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果树学报 2024年第6期41卷 1064-1077页

作者：陈延惠曹新悦冯志良谭彬胡悦张海朋简在海孟海军冯建灿万然胡青霞河南农业大学园艺学院郑州450002 河南省果树瓜类生物学重点实验室郑州450002 河南省园艺植物生物学国际联合实验室郑州450002 中国农业银行登封市支行河南登封452470

【目的】对石榴PgF3’H进行全基因组鉴定,了解其成员大小、位置、结构、系统发育关系及顺式作用元件等相关信息,分析PgF3’H在石榴籽粒花色苷合成中的作用。【方法】通过生物信息学分析结合转录组数据了解石榴PgF3’H基因家族成员,分析... 详细信息

【目的】对石榴PgF3’H进行全基因组鉴定,了解其成员大小、位置、结构、系统发育关系及顺式作用元件等相关信息,分析PgF3’H在石榴籽粒花色苷合成中的作用。【方法】通过生物信息学分析结合转录组数据了解石榴PgF3’H基因家族成员,分析其在不同品种石榴籽粒中随发育期的表达情况,并通过农杆菌介导拟南芥异源转化试验验证PgF3’H3的功能。【结果】鉴定到的3个PgF3’H成员均含有保守结构域CYP75B,具有比较保守的基因结构;对它们的顺式作用元件和表达情况进行分析,表明PgF3’H2和PgF3’H可能受光和激素调节,由MYB转录调控其表达,在石榴籽粒花色苷合成中发挥重要作用;初步验证了PgF3’H3的功能。【结论】鉴定了石榴3个PgF3’H基因成员,明确了PgF3’H2和PgF3’H3是与籽粒着色有关的重要候选基因,验证了PgF3’H3调控花色苷合成的功能。

关键词：石榴 F3’H 籽粒花色苷颜色

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Supersonic expansion and condensation characteristics of hydrogen gas under different temperature conditions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 220-226页

作者： xinyue Duan Zeyu Zhang Ziyuan Zhao Yang Liu Liang Gong Xuewen cao Jiang Bian College of New Energy China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China

This paper introduced supersonic expansion liquefaction technology into the field of hydrogen liquefaction.The mathematical model for supersonic condensation of hydrogen gas in a Laval nozzle model was established.The supersonic expansion and condensation characteristics of hydrogen gas under different temperature conditions were investigated.The simulation results show that the droplet number rises rapidly from 0 at the nozzle throat as the inlet temperature increases,and the maximum droplet number generated is 1.339×10^(18)kg^(-1)at inlet temperature of 36.0 K.When hydrogen nucleation occurs,the droplet radius increases significantly and shows a positive correlation with the increase in the inlet temperature,and the maximum droplet radii are 6.667×10^(-8)m,1.043×10^(-7)m,and 1.099×10^(-7)m when the inlet temperature is 36.0 K,36.5 K,and 37.0 K,respectively.The maximum nucleation rate decreases with increasing inlet temperature,and the nucleation region of the Laval nozzle becomes wider.The liquefaction efficiency can be effectively improved by lowering the inlet temperature.This is because a lower inlet temperature provides more subcooling,which allows the hydrogen to reach the thermodynamic conditions required for large-scale condensation more quickly.

关键词： Hydrogen Liquefaction Supersonic Condensation Laval nozzle Computational fluid dynamics

pH-Responsive polymer boosts cytosolic siRNA release for retinal neovascularization therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 781-794页

作者： Shuai Guo Chunhui Li Changrong Wang Xiaowen cao xinyue Liu Xing-Jie Liang Yuanyu Huang Yuhua Weng School of Medical Technology Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceSchool of Life ScienceKey Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyKey Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Pharmacy Shandong New Drug Loading&Release Technology and Preparation Engineering LaboratoryBinzhou Medical UniversityYantai 264003China School of Ophthalmology and Optometry School of Biomedical EngineeringThe Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing 100190China

Small interfering RNA(siRNA)has a promising future in the treatment of ocular diseases due to its high efficiency,specificity,and low toxicity in inhibiting the expression of target genes and proteins.However,due to the unique anatomical structure of the eye and various barriers,delivering nucleic acids to the retina remains a significant challenge.In this study,we rationally design PACD,an A-B-C type non-viral vector copolymer composed of a hydrophilic PEG block(A),a siRNA binding block(B)and a pH-responsive block(C).PACDs can self-assemble into nanosized polymeric micelles that compact siRNAs into polyplexes through simple mixing.By evaluating its pH-responsive activity,gene silencing efficiency in retinal cells,intraocular distribution,and anti-angiogenesis therapy in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis,we demonstrate the efficiency and safety of PACD in delivering siRNA in the retina.We are surprised to discover that,the PACD/siRNA polyplexes exhibit remarkable intracellular endosomal escape efficiency,excellent gene silencing,and inhibit retinal angiogenesis.Our study provides design guidance for developing efficient nonviral ocular nucleic acid delivery systems.

关键词： SiRNA Oculardeliverysystem Block polymer Endosomalescape Retinal neovascularization Blood-retinal barrier VEGFA Safety

2019—2022年山东省白纹伊蚊对常用卫生杀虫剂的抗药性研究

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中华卫生杀虫药械 2024年第2期30卷 113-117页

作者：韩英男刘言孙钦同曹馨月刘文杰孙林王学军山东省疾病预防控制中心消毒与病媒生物防制所山东济南250014

目的研究2019—2022年山东省白纹伊蚊对常用卫生杀虫剂的抗药性水平及发展趋势,为科学防控白纹伊蚊及登革热疫情合理选择卫生杀虫剂提供科学依据。方法采用WHO推荐的幼虫浸渍法和成蚊接触筒法进行白纹伊蚊抗药性监测。使用Excel 2010和S... 详细信息

目的研究2019—2022年山东省白纹伊蚊对常用卫生杀虫剂的抗药性水平及发展趋势,为科学防控白纹伊蚊及登革热疫情合理选择卫生杀虫剂提供科学依据。方法采用WHO推荐的幼虫浸渍法和成蚊接触筒法进行白纹伊蚊抗药性监测。使用Excel 2010和SPSS 200软件,对2019—2022年山东省9个代表性监测点的白纹伊蚊的抗药性生测结果进行收集整理和统计分析,探讨不同监测点的抗药性水平。结果对氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯的生测结果显示,分别有3(3/5)个、4(4/6)个、4(4/5)个监测点的白纹伊蚊幼虫产生了中、高抗性;有6(6/7)个监测点幼虫对残杀威产生中、低抗性;有2(2/7)个监测点幼虫对双硫磷产生中抗,其他均为低抗。所有监测点白纹伊蚊成蚊对溴氰菊酯及高效氯氟氰菊酯均显示抗性,有5(5/6)个、7(7/8)个、3(3/4)个监测点成蚊对氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯产生了抗性;分别有1(1/7)个、1(1/8)个的监测点成蚊对马拉硫磷、残杀威产生了抗性。结论山东省9个代表性监测点白纹伊蚊已产生不同程度的抗性,且对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性明显高于氨基甲酸酯类和有机磷类,各监测点应根据实际情况,调整杀虫剂的使用并持续加强抗药性监测工作,采取有效措施延缓抗药性的发展,科学防控白纹伊蚊。

关键词：白纹伊蚊杀虫剂抗药性

Analysis and Characterization of the GABA Transaminase and Succinate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Genes in the Microalga Isochrysis zhanjiangensis in Response to Abiotic Stresses

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 775-785页

作者： TIAN Jiaojiao ZHANG Lin LU xinyue YE Lingzhi WU Yuanyuan CHEN Deshui cao Jiayi JIANG Jiaxin XU Jilin YAN Xiaojun Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province School of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Laizhou Bay Marine Technology Co. Ltd.Yantai 261400China Fujian Dalai Seed Science and Technology Co. Ltd.Ningde 352101China

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),widely existing in different organisms,is rapidly accumulated in plants in response to environmental stresses.The main biosynthesis and degradation pathways of GABA constitute the GABA shunt,which is tied to the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle.GABA transaminase(GABA-T)and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase(SSADH)are two essential enzymes for the GABA degradation pathway.While there are abundant studies on GABA shunt in higher plants at the physiological and genetic levels,research on its role in microalgae remains limited.This study aimed at exploring the function of GABA-T and SSADH genes in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,an important diet microalga,under different stresses.We cloned two GABA-T genes,IzGABA-T1 and IzGABA-T2,and one SSADH gene IzSSADH from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and conducted heterologous expression experiments.The results showed that the overexpression of IzGABA-T1 or IzGABA-T2 enhanced the survival rates of yeast transformants under heat or NaCl stress,while the overexpression of IzSSADH improved yeast tolerance to NaCl stress but had no obvious effect on heat stress.Additionally,the results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)showed that IzGABA-T1 transcription increased in the HT(salinity 25,35℃)and LS(salinity 15,25℃)groups.At 24 h,the IzGABA-T2 transcriptions increased in the HT,LS,and HS(salinity 35,25℃)groups,but their transcription levels decreased in all groups at 48 h.IzSSADH transcription increased in the LS group.These results suggest that IzGABA-T1,IzGABA-T2,and IzSSADH are associated with temperature and salinity stresses and possess a certain preference for different stresses.

关键词： abiotic stress GABA heterologous expression Isochrysis zhanjiangensis transcription

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