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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 89-103页

作者： Chaojie Wu Mingy.ng Li y.ng Gao xinyan Xie Wing W.y.ng Ahmad Musy.fa School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 511442China Guangdong Provincial Key.Laboratory.of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analy.is and Application Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangzhou 510180China

The problem of art forgery.and infringement is becoming increasingly.prominent,since diverse self-media contents with all kinds of art pieces are released on the Internet every.*** art paintings,object detection and localization provide an efficient and ef-fective means of art authentication and copy.ight ***,the acquisition of a precise detector requires large amounts of ex-pensive pixel-level *** alleviate this,we propose a novel weakly.supervised object localization(WSOL)with background su-perposition erasing(BSE),which recognizes objects with inexpensive image-level ***,integrated adversarial erasing(IAE)for vanilla convolutional neural network(CNN)dropouts the most discriminative region by.leveraging high-level semantic ***,a background suppression module(BSM)limits the activation area of the IAE to the object region through a self-guidance ***,in the inference phase,we utilize the refined importance map(RIM)of middle features to obtain class-agnostic loc-alization *** experiments are conducted on paintings,CUB-200-2011 and ILSVRC to validate the effectiveness of our BSE.

关键词： Weakly.supervised object localization erasing method deep learning computer vision art authentication and copy.ight protection

Jetting-based bioprinting:process,dispense phy.ics,and applications

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第5期7卷 771-799页

作者： Wei Long ng Viktor Shkolnikov Singapore Centre for 3D Printing(SC3DP) School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University(NTU)Singapore 639798Singapore HP Inc. Palo AltoCA 94304USA

Jetting-based bioprinting facilitates contactless drop-on-demand deposition of subnanoliter droplets at well-defined positions to control the spatial arrangement of cells,growth factors,drugs,and biomaterials in a highly.automated lay.r-by.lay.r fabrication *** to its immense versatility.jetting-based bioprinting has been used for various applications,including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,wound healing,and drug development.A lack of in-depth understanding exists in the processes that occur during jetting-based *** review paper will comprehensively.discuss the phy.ical considerations for bioinks and printing conditions used in jetting-based *** first present an overview of different jetting-based bioprinting techniques such as inkjet bioprinting,laser-induced forward transfer bioprinting,electrohy.rody.amic jet bioprinting,acoustic bioprinting and microvalve ***,we provide an in-depth discussion of various considerations for bioink formulation relating to cell deposition,print chamber design,droplet formation and droplet ***,we highlight recent accomplishments in jetting-based *** present the advantages and challenges of each method,discuss considerations relating to cell viability.and protein stability.and conclude by.providing insights into future directions of jetting-based bioprinting.

关键词： 3D bioprinting Biofabrication Jetting-based Dispense phy.ics Machine learning

Dy.function of sy.aptic endocy.ic trafficking in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2649-2660页

作者： Xin y. ng Mian Cao Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Department of Phy.iology National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

Parkinson's disease is characterized by.the selective degeneration of dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway.and dopamine deficiency.in the *** precise reasons behind the specific degeneration of these dopamine neurons remain largely.*** investigations have identified over 20 causative PARK genes and 90 genomic risk loci associated with both familial and sporadic Parkinson's ***,several of these genes are linked to the sy.aptic vesicle recy.ling process,particularly.the clathrinmediated endocy.osis *** suggests that impaired sy.aptic vesicle recy.ling might represent an early.feature of Parkinson's disease,followed by.axonal degeneration and the eventual loss of dopamine cell bodies in the midbrain via a"dy.ng back"***,several new animal and cellular models with Parkinson's disease-linked mutations affecting the endocy.ic pathway.have been created and extensively.*** models faithfully.recapitulate certain Parkinson's disease-like features at the animal,circuit,and cellular levels,and exhibit defects in sy.aptic membrane trafficking,further supporting the findings from human genetics and clinical *** this review,we will first summarize the cellular and molecular findings from the models of two Parkinson's disease-linked clathrin uncoating proteins:auxilin(DNAJC6/PARK19)and sy.aptojanin 1(Sy.J1/PARK20).The mouse models carry.ng these two PARK gene mutations phenocopy.each other with specific dopamine terminal pathology.and display.a potent sy.ergistic ***,we will delve into the involvement of several clathrin-mediated endocy.osis-related proteins(GAK,endophilin A1,SAC2/INPP5 F,sy.aptotagmin-11),identified as Parkinson's disease risk factors through genome-wide association studies,in Parkinson's disease *** will also explore the direct or indirect roles of some common Parkinson's disease-linked proteins(alpha-sy.uclein(PARK1/4),Parkin(PARK2),and LRRK2(PARK

关键词： autophagy auxilin/PARK19 clathrin-mediated endocy.osis dopamine neurons neurodegeneration nigrostriatal pathway Parkinson's disease sy.aptic vesicle recy.ling sy.aptojanin1/PARK20

Cavity.agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by.guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsy.tems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.ng y.l Koh Joshua E.-y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by.a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By.harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity.agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic sy.tems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they.induce inside a liquid medium are numerically.investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity.agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by.the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two ty.es of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility.and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility.with existing microfluidic sy.tems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

Stability.and Generalization of Hy.ergraph Collaborative Networks

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 184-196页

作者： Michael K.ng Hanrui Wu Andy.y.p Institute of Data Science The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina College of Information Science and Technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Graph neural networks have been shown to be very.effective in utilizing pairwise relationships across ***,there have been several successful proposals to generalize graph neural networks to hy.ergraph neural networks to exploit more com-plex *** particular,the hy.ergraph collaborative networks y.eld superior results compared to other hy.ergraph neural net-works for various semi-supervised learning *** collaborative network can provide high quality.vertex embeddings and hy.eredge embeddings together by.formulating them as a joint optimization problem and by.using their consistency.in reconstructing the given *** this paper,we aim to establish the algorithmic stability.of the core lay.r of the collaborative network and provide generaliz--ation *** analy.is sheds light on the design of hy.ergraph filters in collaborative networks,for instance,how the data and hy.ergraph filters should be scaled to achieve uniform stability.of the learning *** experimental results on real-world datasets are presented to illustrate the theory.

关键词： Hy.ergraphs vertices hy.eredges collaborative networks graph convolutional neural networks(CNNs) stability generalization guarantees

Perspectives in human brain plasticity.sparked by.glioma invasion:from intraoperative(re)mappings to neural reconfigurations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 947-948页

作者： Sam ng Hugues Duffau Guillaume Herbet Department of Neurosurgery Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier University Medical CenterMontpellierFrance Institute of Functional Genomics University of MontpellierCNRSINSERMMontpellierFrance Praxiling Laboratory UMR5267CNRSPaul Valéry-Montpellier 3 UniversityMontpellierFrance

Exploring the aptitude of the human brain to compensate functional consequences of a lesion damaging its structural architecture is a key.challenge to improve patient care in various neurological diseases,to optimize neuroscientifically.informed strategies of postlesional rehabilitation,and ultimately.to develop innovative neuro-regenerative *** term‘plasticity.,initially.referring to the intrinsic propensity.of neurons to modulate their sy.aptic transmission in a learning situation,was progressively.transposed to brain injury.research and clinical ***,in the event of brain damage,adaptive mechanisms of compensation allow a partial reshaping of the structure and activities of the central nervous sy.tem,thus permitting to some extent the maintenance of brain functions.

关键词： plasticity figuration consequences

Three-dimensional numerical analy.is of plant-soil hy.raulic interactions on pore water pressure of vegetated slope under different rainfall patterns

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3696-3706页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles Wang Wai ng Qi Zhang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by.rainfall,mainly.when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall ***,the hy.rological response of vegetated slopes,especially.three-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further *** address this issue,this study.adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating hy.raulic interactions between the root sy.tem of the shrub and the surrounding *** series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall *** rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delay.d,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study.the hy.rological response of the *** computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-y.ar return *** extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delay.d(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly.recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability.markedly.under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability.may.not be sufficient.

关键词： Root-soil interactions Rainfall patterns Slope stability Three-dimensional(3D)

Defined hy.rogels for spinal cord organoids:challenges and potential applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2329-2330页

作者： Wai Hon Chooi y.ewen Wu Shi-y.n ng Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology.IMCB) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore Department of Phy.iology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore(NUS)SingaporeSingapore

Organoids of the central nervous sy.tem,primarily.derived from pluripotent stem cells or neural stem cells,are three-dimensional tissue cultures with self-organizing *** exposed to the right combinations of signals,they.differentiate into a 3D tissue consisting of complex cy.oarchitecture and native cell ty.es,including various neuron subty.es and glial *** features closely.mimic native tissues,making them invaluable for developmental studies and disease *** recent y.ars,spinal cord organoids(SCOs)have been developed to investigate spinal cord development,injuries,and various neurological *** an integral part of the central nervous sy.tem,SCOs play.a vital role and serve as a site for study.ng both neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： properties injuries primarily

Mg/MgO interfaces as efficient hy.rogen evolution cathodes causing accelerated corrosion of additive manufactured Mg alloy.:A DFT analy.is

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloy. 2024年第1期12卷 110-119页

作者： Man-Fai ng Kai Xiang Kuah Teck Leong Tan Daniel John Blackwood Department of Materials Science&Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117575Republic of Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 ConnexisSingapore 138632Republic of Singapore

The corrosion rates of additive-manufactured Mg alloy. are higher than their as-cast counterparts,possibly.due to increased kinetics for the hy.rogen evolution reaction on secondary.phases,which may.include oxide *** Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy.demonstrated that MgO inclusions could act as cathodes for Mg corrosion,but their low conductivity.likely.precludes ***,the density.of state calculations through density.functional theory.using hy.rid HSE06 functional revealed overlapping electronic states at the Mg/MgO interface,which facilitates electron transfers and participates in redox *** determination of the hy.rogen absorption energy.at the Mg/MgO interface reveals it to be an excellent cataly.ic site,with HER being found to be a factor of 23x more efficient at the interface than on metallic *** results not only.support the plausibility.of the Mg/MgO interface being an effective cathode to the adjacent anodic Mg matrix during corrosion but also contribute to the understanding of the enhanced cathodic activities observed during the anodic dissolution of magnesium.

关键词： Magnesium Magnesium oxide Interface Hy.rogen evolution DFT

Advances of machine learning in materials science: Ideas and techniques

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Frontiers of phy.ics 2024年第1期19卷 155-194页

作者： Sue Sin Chong y. Sheng ng Hui-Qiong Wang Jin-Cheng Zheng Department of New Energy.Science and Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSepang 43900Malaysia Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ministry of EducationFujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and ApplicationsCI Center for OSEDand Department of PhysicsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

In this big data era, the use of large dataset in conjunction with machine learning (ML) has been increasingly.popular in both industry.and academia. In recent times, the field of materials science is also undergoing a big data revolution, with large database and repositories appearing every.here. Traditionally. materials science is a trial-and-error field, in both the computational and experimental departments. With the advent of machine learning-based techniques, there has been a paradigm shift: materials can now be screened quickly.using ML models and even generated based on materials with similar properties;ML has also quietly.infiltrated many.sub-disciplinary.under materials science. However, ML remains relatively.new to the field and is expanding its wing quickly. There are a plethora of readily.available big data architectures and abundance of ML models and software;The call to integrate all these elements in a comprehensive research procedure is becoming an important direction of material science research. In this review, we attempt to provide an introduction and reference of ML to materials scientists, covering as much as possible the commonly.used methods and applications, and discussing the future possibilities.

关键词： machine learning materials science