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Reflection on the equitable attribution of responsibility for artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis and treatment decisions

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智慧医学(英文) 2023年第2期3卷 139-143页

作者： Antian chen chenyu Wang xinqing Zhang Department of Cardiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Department of Computer Science College of Natural SciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinTXUSA Echocardiography Medical Center Maternal-Fetal Medicine center in Fetal Heart DiseaseBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China School of Humanities and Social Sciences Peking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100005China

Artificial intelligence(AI)is developing rapidly and is being used in several medical capacities,including assisting in diagnosis and treatment *** a result,this raises the conceptual and practical problem of how to distribute responsibility when AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment have been used and patients are harmed in the *** on this issue have not yet been *** would be beneficial to tackle responsibility attribution prior to the development of biomedical AI technologies and ethical *** general,human doctors acting as superiors need to bear responsibility for their clinical ***,human doctors should not bear responsibility for the behavior of an AI doctor that is practicing medicine *** to the degree of fault-which includes internal institutional ethics,the AI bidding process in procurement,and the medical process-clinical institutions are required to bear corresponding *** manufacturers are responsible for creating accurate algorithms,network security,and insuring patient privacy ***,the AI itself should not be subjected to legal evaluation since there is no need for it to bear *** responsibility should be borne by the employer,in this case the medical institution.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Diagnosis Ethics Responsibility attribution

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包载型聚丙烯腈/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维制备及其隔热性能

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纺织学报 2024年第5期45卷 35-42页

作者：王新庆季东圣李舒畅杨晨张宗宇刘实诚王航田明伟青岛大学纺织服装学院山东青岛266071 江苏百护纺织科技有限公司江苏宿迁223800 青岛大学山东省特型非织造材料工程研究中心山东青岛266071 青岛大学智能可穿戴技术研究中心山东青岛266071

针对传统气凝胶纤维后处理操作复杂、加工不稳定等问题,且为有效集成纳米气凝胶与纳米纤维功能和结构优势,本文围绕新型气凝胶复合纳米纤维成形与结构调控的关键难题,利用溶液喷射同轴纺丝技术将聚丙烯腈(PAN)与SiO_(2)气凝胶通过一步... 详细信息

针对传统气凝胶纤维后处理操作复杂、加工不稳定等问题,且为有效集成纳米气凝胶与纳米纤维功能和结构优势,本文围绕新型气凝胶复合纳米纤维成形与结构调控的关键难题,利用溶液喷射同轴纺丝技术将聚丙烯腈(PAN)与SiO_(2)气凝胶通过一步法制备PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维,研究了复合纳米纤维中SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度对纤维形态结构、稳定性、孔径分布、隔热性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维形态结构上呈三维卷曲状,SiO_(2)气凝胶的引入使纤维表面形成多孔褶皱型结构,且纤维表面的微孔、介孔含量随SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度的增加逐渐增多;该气凝胶复合纳米纤维具有优异的隔热性能,当SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度为6 mg/mL时,PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维在40℃的导热系数低至0.03738 W/(m·K),未来在服用保暖、工业隔热、军用热红外屏蔽等方面具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词：聚丙烯腈纳米纤维溶液喷射同轴纺丝技术气凝胶复合纤维 SiO_(2)气凝胶隔热材料

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Deformation induced Elinvar behavior in Fe-Ni Invar alloy

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Science Bulletin 2018年第16期63卷 1040-1042页

作者： Fangyu Qin Fengshuang Lu Yulin chen Jianmin Yang xinqing Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Functional Materials Research Institute. Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081. China

Fe-Ni alloys exhibiting temperature-independent elastic modulus(Elinvar)and thermal expansion(Invar)properties have found wide and significant applications,such as liquefied natural gas tanks,micrometers,reed relays,hairsprings,etc.[1].Owing to the technical and theoretical importance of Invar and Elinvar effects,the underlying mechanisms of such effects have been

关键词：钢合金行为液化天然气材料科学影响因素继电器试验性磁性

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Realization and application of geological cloud platform

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Big Earth Data 2020年第4期4卷 464-478页

作者： Gaodian Zhou xinqing Wang Weitao chen Xianju Li Zhanlong chen Faculty of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhanChina Faculty of Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhanChina Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing China University of GeosciencesWuhanChina School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhanChina

In recent years,with the progress of computer technology,some traditional industries such as geology are facing changes in industrial structure and application *** we try to apply big data and virtualization technology in the field of *** study aims at addressing the existing problems in geological applications,such as data sharing,data processing and computing performance.A Geological Cloud Platform has been designed and realized preliminarily with big data and virtualization *** application of the Geological Cloud Platform can be divided into two parts:1)to nest the geological computing model in cloud platform and visualize the results and 2)to use relevant software to conduct data analysis and processing in virtual machines of Windows or Linux ***,we prospect Carlin-type deposits in Nevada by using the spatial data model ArcSDM in the virtual machine.

关键词： Geological cloud platform virtualization technology big data technology geological application Carlin-type deposits ArcSDM

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Robust Topology Optimization of Periodic Multi-Material Functionally Graded Structures under Loading Uncertainties

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第5期127卷 683-704页

作者： xinqing Li Qinghai Zhao Hongxin Zhang Tiezhu Zhang Jianliang chen College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071China Power Integration and Energy Storage System Engineering Technology Center Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071China

This paper presents a robust topology optimization design approach for multi-material functional graded structures under periodic constraint with load *** characterize the random-field uncertainties with a reduced set of random variables,the Karhunen-Lo`eve(K-L)expansion is *** sparse grid numerical integration method is employed to transform the robust topology optimization into a weighted summation of series of deterministic topology *** dividing the design domain,the volume fraction of each preset gradient layer is *** on the ordered solid isotropic microstructure with penalization(Ordered-SIMP),a functionally graded multi-material interpolation model is formulated by individually optimizing each preset gradient *** periodic constraint setting of the gradient layer is achieved by redistributing the average element compliance in ***,the method of moving asymptotes(MMA)is introduced to iteratively update the design *** numerical examples are presented to verify the validity and applicability of the proposed *** results demonstrate that the periodic functionally graded multi-material topology can be obtained under different numbers of sub-regions,and robust design structures are more stable than that indicated by the deterministic results.

关键词： Multi-material topology optimization robust design periodic functional gradient sparse grid method

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Twin structure of the lath martensite in low carbon steel

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第2期26卷 169-172页

作者： Pan Zhang Yulin chen Wenlong Xiao Dehai Ping xinqing Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong University

It has been well accepted that the martensites in quenched carbon steels exhibit two typical morphologies which are closely dependent on the carbon content, i.e. lath martensite in low carbon steels and lenticular martensite in high carbon steels. Based on conventional belief, the lath martensites in low carbon steels are with high density dislocations as the substructure, in contrast to twin substructure in lenticular high carbon martensite. In the present work, an intensive transmission electron microscopy investigation was made to characterize the microstructures of the lath martensite in a low carbon steel of 0.2 wt%C. It was found that lots of lath martensites consist of twin as their substructure, rather than high density dislocations. In addition, nanoscale precipitates cohering with ferrite matrix were found at the twin interfaces. The orientation relationships between the precipitates and the ferrite matrix are in good agreement with that of primitive hexagonal ω phase in titanium alloys and other bcc metals or alloys.

关键词： Martensite Twin Lath Low carbon steel Martensitic transformation

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High thermal conductivity and high strength magnesium alloy for high pressure die casting ultrathin-walled components

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第1期29卷 88-96页

作者： Jian Rong Wenlong Xiao xinqing Zhao Chaoli Ma Haimiao Liao Donglei He Ming chen Meng Huang chen Huang Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Dongguan Qingniao Metal Material Co. Ltd.Dongguan 523000China Structural Technology Department Hardware Technology CenterOPPO Guangdong Mobile Communications Co.Ltd.Dongguan 523000China

With the rapid development of 3C industries,the demand for high-thermal-conductivity magnesium alloys with high mechanical performance is increasing ***,the thermal conductivities of most common Mg foundry alloys(such as Mg-9wt%-1wt%Zn)are still relatively *** this study,we developed a high-thermal-conductivity Mg-4Al-4Zn-4RE-1Ca(wt%,AZEX4441)alloy with good mechanical properties for ultrathin-walled cellphone components via high-pressure die casting(HPDC).The HPDC AZEX4441 alloy exhibited a fine homogeneous microstructure(average grain size of 2.8μm)with granular Al_(11)RE_(3),fibrous Al_(2)REZn_(2),and networked Ca_(6)Mg_(2)Zn_(3) phases distributed at the grain *** room-temperature thermal conductivity of the HPDC AZEX4441 alloy was 94.4 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),which was much higher than 53.7 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) of the HPDC AZ91D *** and Zn in the AZEX4441 alloy were largely consumed by the formation of Al_(11)RE_(3),Al_(2)REZn_(2),and Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3) phases because of the addition of RE and ***,the lattice distortion induced by solute atoms of the AZEX4441 alloy(0.171%)was much lower than that of the AZ91D alloy(0.441%),which was responsible for the high thermal conductivity of the AZEX4441 *** AZEX4441 alloy exhibited a high yield strength of~185 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of~233 MPa,and an elongation of~4.2%.This result indicated that the tensile properties were comparable with those of the AZ91D ***,this study contributed to the development of high-performance Mg alloys with a combination of high thermal conductivity,high strength,and good castability.

关键词： magnesium alloys microstructure thermal conductivity mechanical properties high-pressure die casting

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Microstructure of ultrahigh carbon martensite

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第6期28卷 749-753页

作者： Chao Wang Yulin chen Jingyun Han Dehai Ping xinqing Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong University

Recent experimental investigations suggest that the martensite formed by quenching carbon steels(0.2–1.26 mass %C) are composed of twins and nanoscale ω particles in twin boundaries, rather than carbon supersaturated uniform solutions. In order to probe the microstructure of the martensite with ultrahigh carbon content, a novel strategy is employed in the present study to obtain ultrahigh carbon martensite(approximate2.1 mass %C) by quenching ductile cast iron. The microstructure of the martensite was intensively characterized by high resolution transmitting electron microscopy. It is indicated that the microstructure of the ultrahigh carbon martensites is composed of ultrafine {112} -type twins and high-density nano-scaled ω particles embedded in twin boundaries. These ω nanoparticles in twin boundaries could remarkably impede the deformation of the movement of the nanotwins in martensites, leading to poor ductility and strength of the quenched ductile cast iron. These findings not only reveal the substructures of ultrahigh carbon martensite, but also enhance the understanding of the mechanical behavior of high carbon steels and ductile cast irons.

关键词： Ultrahigh carbon martensite Ductile cast iron Nanotwin ω phase

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基于AMPK/SIRT1/SREBP1信号通路探究膜肾颗粒对膜性肾病大鼠蛋白尿的治疗作用

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中草药 2024年第2期55卷 509-515页

作者：王含香林威崔师妍徐荣佳徐鹏昊黄诗琦李雨琛戴欣晴姜晨天津中医药大学第一附属医院国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心天津300381 厦门市中医院福建厦门361001

目的基于单磷酸腺苷活化的蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)/固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1,SREBP1)信号通路观察膜肾颗粒对膜性肾病大鼠蛋白尿的影响及作用机制。方法 80只SD大鼠随机挑选15只为空白组,其余大鼠利用改良Border法建立膜性肾病大鼠模型,造模大鼠随机分为模型组、环孢素A(cyclosporin A,CsA)组和膜肾颗粒低、高剂量(1.85、7.38 g/kg)组。观察大鼠一般状态,采用双缩脲比色法检测大鼠造模前、造模后、给药结束后24 h尿蛋白定量(urinary protein quantity,UTP);使用全自动生化仪检测大鼠尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)水平;采用苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)、基底膜六胺银染色(periodic acid-silver methenamine,PASM)染色观察肾脏病理学变化;采用Western blotting检测大鼠肾组织Nephrin、AMPK/SIRT1/SREBP1通路相关蛋白表达。结果各组BUN、Scr水平无明显差异。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠24 h-UTP、TC、TG水平明显升高(P<0.01),肾组织病理改变明显,肾组织Nephrin、p-AMPKα/AMPKα和SIRT1表达显著降低(P<0.01),SREBP1蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,各给药组24 h-UTP、TC、TG水平明显降低(P<0.01),肾组织病理改变减轻,Nephrin、p-AMPKα/AMPKα、SIRT1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05、0.01),SREBP1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论膜肾颗粒可以显著减少膜性肾病大鼠蛋白尿水平,可能与上调肾组织AMPKα/SIRT1信号通路表达,减少SREBP1合成,改善脂代谢重编程有关。

关键词：膜性肾病脂代谢膜肾方膜肾颗粒 AMPK/SIRT1/SREBP1通路

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Seasonal variations of carboxylic acids and their contributions to the rainwater acidity: A case study of Guiyang and Shangzhong,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第16期55卷 1667-1673页

作者： XU Gang LEE xinqing LU YingChun chen YingJun HUANG DaiKuan Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai 264003 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

Low molecule weight carboxylic acids are ubiquitous and important chemical constituents in the *** carboxylic acids in the rainwater of Guiyang and Shangzhong were simultaneously determined by ion chromatography from April 2006 to April ***, acetic and oxalic acids were found to be the predominant carboxylic *** volume weighted average concentration (VWA) in the rainwater of Guiyang were 14.24 μmol/L, 9.35 μmol/L and 2.79 μmol/L, respectively;as compared to 4.95 μmol/L, 1.35 μmol/L and 2.31 μmol/L in the rainwater of *** Shangzhong it is witnessed that the concentra-tions of these acids were higher in the summer than in the winter and direct emissions from vegetations or soils may account for the main provenance of the *** is, however, not the case in Guiyang, where the concentrations of the carboxylic acids were higher during the non-growing season than during the growing *** relatively weak scavenging affected by scarce and little rainwater as well as the particles accompanied with the rainfall may have some effect on the carboxylic acids during the wintertime in *** acids in the rainwater of Guiyang were estimated to account for 18.7% to the free acidity, where formic, acetic and oxalic acids accounted for 7.9%, 4.7%, 6.1%, *** Shangzhong, the 3 primary carboxylic acids represented 58.1% to the free acidity where formic, acetic and oxalic acids represented 25.1%, 7.5%, 25.5%, *** anions accounted for 6.6% (1.7%–19.2%) to the total anions in the rainwater of *** anions repre-sented 13.2% (0.5%–92.2%) to the total anions in the rainwater of *** results indicated that carboxylic acids were the important contributors to the rainwater acidity, especially in remote regions.

关键词：雨水酸雨离子色层谱羧基的酸季节的变化

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