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重大传染病疫情防控中护理伦理问题的中国专家共识

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2022年第1期9卷 5-10,I0001页

作者：王亚玲李雨宸沈碧玉李惠玲孙宏玉袁长蓉谢红珍李小妹李映兰关健贾启艾张新庆 School of Nursing Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina Department of Nursing Shanghai Children’s Medical CenterShanghaiChina School of Nursing Peking UniversityBeijingChina School of Nursing Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Nursing People’s Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theatre CommandGuangzhouChina Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre Xi’anChina Xiangya School of Nursing Central South UniversityChangshaChina Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Jiangsu Nursing Vocational College Huai’anChina School of Humanities and Social Sciences Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

背景突发重大传染病在世界范围内影响着人类健康。作为全球最大的医疗卫生工作者群体和应对重大传染病的核心力量,护士位于抗疫一线。相关伦理问题引发关注,并以不同方式影响着护士。此外,人们过高的期望也会产生不适当的压力,甚至导致... 详细信息

背景突发重大传染病在世界范围内影响着人类健康。作为全球最大的医疗卫生工作者群体和应对重大传染病的核心力量,护士位于抗疫一线。相关伦理问题引发关注,并以不同方式影响着护士。此外,人们过高的期望也会产生不适当的压力,甚至导致护士发生职业倦怠。方法采用专家小组会议法发展和达成共识。形成共识的工作成员包括1个共识讨论组、1个共识撰写核心组、1名方法学家和4名秘书。经过16轮在线专家咨询和2轮专家小组会议,撰写核心组分析和审查了78项专家建议,从生命照护的伦理视角,形成重大传染病疫情防控过程中护理伦理问题专家共识。结果此专家共识聚焦于5个方面:护士的责任与权利、护患关系、医生-护士关系及整个疫情预防和控制期间社会与护士之间的关系。结论期望此专家共识有助于护士更好地应对突发公共卫生事件中的伦理问题和挑战,提高公众对护士在突发公共卫生事件中的角色和责任的合理期望与理解。

关键词：共识疾病暴发流行护士护理伦理公共卫生

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石油企业信息化实施技术研究

计算机光盘软件与应用 2011年第2期14卷 40-41页

作者：张信庆大庆油田通信公司黑龙江大庆163311

石油企业是国家经济的重要产业，在信息技术蓬勃发展的今天，如何成功实现石油企业的信息化，对石油企业的持续发展，乃至对国家经济的发展都有重要的战略意义。文章对石油企业信息化实施技术进行了研究探讨。

关键词：石油企业信息化实施技术

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水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料的作用机理与应用

新型建筑材料 2008年第4期35卷 68-70页

作者：张新庆赵长才王惠明苏州市吴中区建设工程质量监督站江苏苏州215128 苏州市建筑科学研究院有限公司江苏苏州215004

通过对水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料的一次抗渗及二次抗渗的作用机理分析,认为一次防水作用机理分为溶解、渗透、结晶3个过程,二次防水作用机理分为扩散、富集、结晶3个过程。并对这种防水涂料在实际施工中应注意的事项作了研究。

关键词：水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料抗渗机理应用

Enhanced removal of sulfonamide antibiotics from water by phosphogypsum modified biochar composite

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第8期130卷 174-186页

作者： Zonghong Jiang Miao Chen xinqing Lee Qianwei Feng Ning Cheng Xueyang zhang Shengsen Wang Bing Wang College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 50025China Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment Ministry of EducationGuiyang 550025China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China School of Environmental Engineering Xuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhou 221018China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China

Antibiotic pollution has become a global eco-environmental issue.To reduce sulfonamide antibiotics in water and improve resource utilization of solid wastes,phosphogypsummodified biochar composite(PMBC)was prepared via facile one-step from distillers grains,wood chips,and phosphogypsum.The physicochemical properties of PMBCwere characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Zeta potential,X-ray diffraction(XRD),etc.The influencing factors,adsorption behaviors,and mechanisms of sulfadiazine(SD)and sulfamethazine(SMT)onto PMBC were studied by batch and fixed bed column adsorption experiments.The results showed that the removal rates of SD and SMT increased with the increase of phosphogypsum proportion,while decreased with the increase of solution pH.The maximum adsorption capacities of modified distillers grain and wood chips biochars for SD were 2.98 and 4.18 mg/g,and for SMT were 4.40 and 8.91mg/g,respectively,which was 9.0–22.3 times that of pristine biochar.Fixed bed column results demonstrated that PMBC had good adsorption capacities for SD and SMT.When the solution flow rate was 2.0 mL/min and the dosage of PMBC was 5.0 g,the removal rates of SD and SMT by modified wood chips biochar were both higher than 50%in 4 hr.The main mechanisms of SD and SMT removal by PMBC are hydrogen bonding,π-πdonor-acceptor,electrostatic interaction,and hydrophobic interaction.This study provides an effective method for the removal of antibiotics in water and the resource utilization of phosphogypsum.

关键词： Modified biochar Solid waste Antibiotics Phosphogypsum Fixed-bed adsorption

Flexible Vis/NIR wireless sensing system for banana monitoring

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Food Quality and Safety 2023年第3期7卷 492-502页

作者： Meng Wang Bingbing Wang Ruihua zhang Zihao Wu xinqing Xiao College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Objectives:The quality of the fruit seriously affects the economic value of the fruit.Fruit quality is related to many ripening parameters,such as soluble solid content(SSC),pH,and firmness(FM),and is a complex process.Traditional methods are inefficient,do not guarantee quality,and do not adapt to the current rhythm of the fruit market.In this paper,a was designed and implemented for quality prediction and maturity level classification of Philippine Cavendish bananas.Materials and Methods:The quality changes of bananas in different stages were analyzed.Twelve light intensity reflectance values for each maturity stage were compared to conventionally measured SSC,FM,PH,and color space.Results:Our device can be compared with traditional forms of quality measurement.The experimental results show that the established predictive model with specific preprocessing and modeling algorithms can effectively determine various banana quality parameters(SSC,pH,FM,L^(*),a^(*),and b^(*)).The RPD values of SSC and a^(*)were greater than 3.0,the RPD values of L^(*)and b^(*)were between 2.5 and 3.0,and the pH and FM were between 2.0 and 2.5.In addition,a new banana maturity level classification method(FSC)was proposed,and the results showed that the method could effectively classify the maturity level classes(i.***.four maturity levels)with an accuracy rate of up to 97.5%.Finally,the MLR and FSC models are imported into the MCU to realize the near-range and long-range real-time display of data.Conclusions:These methods can also be applied more broadly to fruit quality detection,providing a basic framework for future research.

关键词： Banana Vis/NIR flexibility ripening classification chemometrics

中国医务人员对不必要核磁共振检查需求的态度及影响因素分析

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科技导报 2018年第2期36卷 13-19页

作者：李京儒张新庆刘奇李闪闪奥塔哥大学生命伦理学中心新西兰达尼丁9016 北京协和医学院人文学院北京100730 北京大学医学部公共教学部北京100191

一项针对全国9省份医务人员问卷调查结果揭示：超过80%的医务人员不会拒绝患者不必要核磁共振检查要求,揭示出医务人员在尊重患者自主性和坚持医生专业自主性方面存在伦理困惑。调查同时发现,医务人员合法权益保障情况、患者对医生的信... 详细信息

一项针对全国9省份医务人员问卷调查结果揭示：超过80%的医务人员不会拒绝患者不必要核磁共振检查要求,揭示出医务人员在尊重患者自主性和坚持医生专业自主性方面存在伦理困惑。调查同时发现,医务人员合法权益保障情况、患者对医生的信任情况、执业环境和媒体营造的医患语境等因素与医务人员能否坚持专业自主性具有相关性。本文从伦理学角度对医务人员的困惑进行了分析,指出医生应该尊重患者的价值观,但尊重患者自主性并非没有边界,患者自主性更不能僭越医生专业自主性。结合伦理学论证和调查结果提出以下建议：1）医务人员尊重患者自主性,首先应该做到充分告知医疗信息;2）医患之间应该加强沟通,建立信任的医患关系;3）有关部门应该重视保障医务人员合法权益,改善执业环境,同时加强对媒体的管理,营造和谐的医患语境。

关键词：医务人员患者自主性核磁共振检查专业自主性

Urban expansion and intra-urban land evolution as well as their natural environmental constraints in arid/semiarid regions of China from 2000–2018

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第7期33卷 1419-1441页

作者： PAN Tao KUANG Wenhui SHAO Hua zhang Chi WANG Xiaoyu WANG xinqing School of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao 276826ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyCASUrumqi 830011China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection College of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000ShandongChina

Rapid urbanization has occurred in arid/semiarid China,threatening the sustainability of fragile dryland ecosystems;however,our knowledge of natural environmental constraints on multiscale urban lands in this region is still lacking.To solve this issue,this study retrieved 15-m multiscale urban lands.Results indicated that urban area increased by 68%during 2000–2018,and one-third of the increase was contributed by only three large cities.The coverage of impervious surface area(ISA) and vegetated area(VA) increased by 16.6%and 1.38%,respectively.Such land-cover change may be helpful in suppressing wind erosion and sand storms.We also found that the newly urban lands had relatively lower ISA and higher VA than the old urban lands,indicating an improved human settlement environment.Strong environmental constraints on urban expansion were identified,with cities in oasis urban environments(OUEs) that had water supply expanding 150% faster than cities in desert urban environments(DUEs).Urban development was also constrained by terrain,with 73% of the ISA expansion occurring in relatively flat areas.Overall,the aggregated pattern of urbanization and the increase in ISA and VA in the newly urbanized lands have improved water-use efficiency and ecological services and benefited desert ecosystem protection in arid/semiarid China.

关键词： urbanization natural environmental constraints pixel and subpixel land change arid and semiarid regions of China

Ag-CuO-NiO-LiAlSiO_(4)复合钎料空气反应钎焊GH3128/Al_(2)O_(3)接头组织及性能

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材料导报 2024年第2期38卷 157-162页

作者：陈恩光苏新清薛松柏陈旭东傅仁利张笑天程波王长虹王明伟南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院南京211106 上海无线电设备研究所上海200090 中国电子科技集团公司第四十九研究所哈尔滨150000

以Ag-CuO-NiO-LiAlSiO_(4)复合钎料对GH3128高温合金与Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷进行空气反应钎焊(RAB)连接,研究了NiO和LiAlSiO_(4)添加量对钎焊接头显微结构和力学性能的影响,分析了接头的界面微观结构及其形成机制。结果表明,钎焊过程中,GH312... 详细信息

以Ag-CuO-NiO-LiAlSiO_(4)复合钎料对GH3128高温合金与Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷进行空气反应钎焊(RAB)连接,研究了NiO和LiAlSiO_(4)添加量对钎焊接头显微结构和力学性能的影响,分析了接头的界面微观结构及其形成机制。结果表明,钎焊过程中,GH3128合金表面生成了包括CuCrO_(4)内氧化层和NiO外氧化层的复合氧化反应层,Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷表面生成了以CuAl_(2)O_(4)为主要成分的界面层。NiO的添加明显改善了复合钎料在合金侧的润湿性,而锂霞石(LiAlSiO_(4))的添加减小了钎缝与母材间的热失配,极大地改善了键合接头的连接性能。最终,使用含0.3%NiO(质量分数)和4%LiAlSiO_(4)(质量分数)的Ag-10%CuO复合钎料钎焊GH3128合金和Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷,获得了61.8 MPa的最大剪切强度。此时,接头界面结构为GH3128/CuCrO_(4)+CrNi3+NiO+CuO/Ag+CuO+LiAlSiO_(4)/CuAl_(2)O_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3)。

关键词：空气反应钎焊氧化铝陶瓷 GH3128合金复合钎料界面组织力学性能

机械穿刺结合肿瘤坏死因子α及完全弗氏佐剂构建大鼠椎间盘源性腰痛模型

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中国组织工程研究 2024年第11期28卷 1672-1677页

作者：韩忠晓欧雅滢庄薪晴张翔李彪平蒋智锐张靖怡杨加顺唐玲肖炜南方医科大学中医药学院广东省广州市510515 南方医科大学第七附属医院广东省广州市510630 广东药科大学糖脂代谢病教育部重点实验室广东省广州市510006

背景:椎间盘退变是导致下腰痛的重要原因。目前国内外对于椎间盘退变的造模方法众多,但缺乏一个针对椎间盘退变引起下腰痛的模型。目的:对比机械穿刺结合肿瘤坏死因子α+完全弗氏佐剂注射与传统仅机械穿刺下建立的大鼠椎间盘源性腰痛模... 详细信息

背景:椎间盘退变是导致下腰痛的重要原因。目前国内外对于椎间盘退变的造模方法众多,但缺乏一个针对椎间盘退变引起下腰痛的模型。目的:对比机械穿刺结合肿瘤坏死因子α+完全弗氏佐剂注射与传统仅机械穿刺下建立的大鼠椎间盘源性腰痛模型的效果。方法:将18只成年SD雄性大鼠,按照随机数字表法分3组,每组6只,空白组不进行任何操作;对照组大鼠L_(4-5)椎间盘建立传统机械穿刺椎间盘退变模型;实验组在机械穿刺基础上,以微量注射器向L_(4-5)椎间盘内注入肿瘤坏死因子α+完全弗氏佐剂建立机械穿刺结合炎症因子诱导的椎间盘退变模型。术后4周,热板法测大鼠痛阈值用于评估椎间盘退变大鼠对热伤害感受;MRI观察各组大鼠椎间盘退变情况;ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、前列腺素E2水平;苏木精-伊红和番红O固绿染色观察椎间盘形态变化。结果与结论:①在疼痛上,与对照组相比,实验组大鼠的行为学痛阈值持续降低,血清学各炎症因子指标显著增高;②在形态上,与对照组相比,实验组大鼠的MRI L_(4-5)髓核信号完全消失;组织病理学染色显示:对照组大鼠髓核完整,可见较多脊索细胞,部分纤维环破裂;实验组大鼠的脊索细胞稀少,髓核与纤维环结构紊乱,边界消失;③结论:大鼠椎间盘机械穿刺结合肿瘤坏死因子α+完全弗氏佐剂注射可成功建立椎间盘源性腰痛模型,该操作方法简单、经济,模型退变及腰痛明显,明显缩短椎间盘退变成模周期,可作为研究椎间盘源性腰痛模型的参考。

关键词：椎间盘退变大鼠腰痛肿瘤坏死因子α 完全弗氏佐剂动物模型穿刺