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Numerical Approach for Thermal History Modelling in Multi-Episodic Rifting Basins

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第3期25卷 519-528页

作者： Bo Kang xinong xie Tao Cui Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences CSIRO Land and Water

Pre-existing models for thermal history modelling have shown deficiency in explicit algorithms to establish the quantitative relationship between maturity indices and thermal gradients in some sedimentary basins that experienced multi-episodic rifting evolution. In this study, a forward and inverse combination model（FICM） is proposed to estimate the vitrinite reflectance（Ro） and thermal gradients. The forward module is used to calculate Ro values. It couples the EASY%Ro model with burial history reconstruction with consideration of thermal gradient variations during basin evolution. The inverse module reconstructs histoical thermal gradients by calibrating cmputed Ro against measured Ro data. The time-temperature series is a necessary input for both forward and inverse modules. Sample density is a profound factor influencing the accuracy of modelling results. In order to obtain satisfying outputs, a sufficient sample density is required. Thermal gradients are assumed to vary linearly between two given samples. Modelling results of case studies indicate that the sensitivity of heating time to Ro evlution is differnt with thermal gradients depending on geolgoical setting. Three difffernt districts, which include the time-sensitive area, the temperature-sensitive area and the non-sensitive area, can be recognized on the the relationship map among Ro variations, heating time and geothermal gradients. This model can be applied to reconstruct the thermal history and maturation evolution in a basin that has undergone complex multi-episodic rifting.

关键词： thermal history maturity EASY%Ro burial history vitrinite reflectance.

Geochemistry of Pore Water and Associated Diagenetic Reactions in the Diapiric Area of Yinggehai Basin, Northwestern South China Sea

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第3期26卷 306-316页

作者： Tao Jiang xinong xie Hui Chen Zhenfeng Wang Xushen Li Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology China National Offshore Oil Zhanjiang Ltd. Corporation

This study examined the geochemical features of pore water in the diapiric area of the Yinggehai Basin, northwestern South China Sea, and illuminated the origin and evolution of basin fluids. Pore water with low salinity occurs in marine sediments in the diapiric area even without meteoric water infiltration. The presence of low-salinity water within deep, overpressured compartments is assumed to be due to smectite-illite transformation. Howerver, in shallow portions（less than 2 000 m） of diapiric areas with normal pressure, pore water has a much wider variation and much lower salinity than that in the overpressured intervals. Its total dissolved solid（TDS） content is ~5 336 to 35 939 mg/L. Moreover, smectite and chlorite content sharply decreases as kaolinite and illite content increase in shallower intervals. The geochemical variation of pore water in diapiric structures indicates the expulsion of low-salinity, overpressured fluids along vertical faults. Strong injection of hot fluids from deep overpressured sediments results in rapid clay mineral transformation in shallow reservoirs. Consequently, fluid mixing due to fluid expulsion from deeper overpressured deposits leads to variation in salinity and ionic composition as well as some diagenetic reactions. This includes transformation of clay minerals caused by the higher temperatur of deeper hot fluids, e.g., the transfromation of smectite to illite and chlorite to kaolinite. Therefore, variations in salinity and ionic compositions in various pressured systems provide a clue to flow pathways and associated diagenetic reactions.

关键词： pore water diagenetic reaction clay mineral transformation overpressured system Yinggehai Basin

Depositional Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Deep-Water Canyon Systems along the Northern South China Sea Margin

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第4期31卷 808-819页

作者： Hui Chen xinong xie Kainan Mao Yunlong He Ming Su Wenyan Zhang School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519082China Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyang 550003China Institute of Coastal Research Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtGeesthacht 21502Germany

Submarine canyon systems are sites for coarser clastic sediment accumulations in the deep-water domains, having the most potential for hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the interpretation of high resolution 2 D/3 D seismic and drilling data, depositional characteristics of three large deep-water canyon systems on the South China Sea northern margin have been analyzed. The Central Canyon System has a deep incision geomorphology extending from east to west, featured by distinct canyon segmentations, multi-provenance sediment supplies and multi-stage canyon fillings. The Pearl River Canyon System’s formation is closely related to the development of Pearl River Delta. Its vertical stacking and migrating canyon patterns have changed over time. The depositional architectures and evolution of the recent Penghu-Gaoping Canyon System respond to tectonic movements along the Taiwan-Luzon convergent continental margin. The main controlling factors of the formation and evolution of these three canyon systems include the tectonic setting, sediment supply, sea level change and paleo-geomorphology, among which the former two are dominant. The Penghu-Gaoping Canyon System formed along the subduction structural zone, directly indicating a typical tectonic origin. Numerous seismic data show that the Central Canyon and Pearl River Canyon systems are obviously affected by tectonics, associated local topography and sediment supply.

关键词： deep-water canyon system turbidite channel deep-water reservoir northern margin of South China Sea

Sedimentary evolution of the Central Canyon System in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

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Petroleum Research 2016年第1期1卷 81-92页

作者： Ming Su xinong xie Zhenfen Wang Tao Jiang Cheng Zhang Yunlong He School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploration and Development of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Guangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Key Laboratory of Tectonics&Petroleum Resources of Chinese Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Technology of Zhanjiang BranchChina National Offshore Oil Co.LtdZhanjiang 524057China

This study elucidates sedimentary evolution history of the Central Canyon System(CCS),a large axial submarine canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),northern South China Sea.Thegeomorphological characteristics and infill architectures of the CCS are summarized based on theanalysis of two-and three-dimensional seismic data.Based on a comparative analysis of the CCS indifferent segments and evolutionary stages and in consideration of the tectono-sedimentary conditionsof the QDNB four stages of the sedimentary evolution of the CCS can be divided,i.***.initialdevelopment stage in the Late Miocene(11.6-5.7Ma),erosion-infilling stage in the Early Pliocene(5.7-3.7 Ma),tranquil infilling stage in the Late Pliocene(3.7-1.81 Ma),and rejuvenation stage sincethe Pleistocene(1.81 Ma to present).In the 1ate Middle Miocene(~11.6 Ma),the rudiment of CCswas developed by a regional tectonic transformation in the eastern part of the basin.In the EarlyPliocene,the CCS was further developed from west to east and restrained in the central depressionbelt of the basin due to abundant sediment supplies from the northwestern and northem provenances,the blocking effect of the southern uplift belt,and the restrictive geomorphological features of theeastern part of the basin.In the Late Pliocene,changes in the sedimentary environment resulted in thedevelopment of the CCS in the eastern part of the basin only.Since the Pleistocene,the joint action ofclimatic factors and geomorphological features of the eastern part of the basin led to the rejuvenationof the CCS.

关键词： Central Canyon System sedimentary evolution Late Miocene Qiongdongnan Basin northern South China Sea

Effects of igneous bodies on modification of modern slope morphology: Insights from the continental slope offshore Dongsha Islands, South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 109-117页

作者： Chao Liang xinong xie Hua Wang Guangjian Zhong Entao Liu Ming Sun Hai Yi Chunyu Qin Haiyang Cao Jie He Yanpu Zhao College of Marine Science and Technology China University of GeosciencesWuhan Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan Faculty of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological Survey Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology

A statistical analysis for the morphological parameters extracted from numerous seismic profiles, and a highresolution seismic study of the southeastern slope of the Dongsha Islands(South China Sea) with water depth between approximately 500 and 3 100 m, has revealed the variation of morphological features due to the intrusion of igneous bodies and associated sedimentary processes. Three types of the continental slope are distinguished:(1) a rough and steep slope with multiple igneous bodies(Type 1),(2) a relatively smooth and gentle slope with the single igneous body(Type 2), and(3) a smooth and gentle slope without igneous bodies(Type 3). These igneous bodies, formed in the post-seafloor spreading of the South China Sea, are often characterized by high positive seismic amplitudes, and chaotic reflections with complex shapes. The igneous bodies in Type 1 separated the slope into two or more upper sub-sags and a lower main-sag, in which the sub-sags and main-sag could be filled with sediments transported by alongslope bottom currents at the same time. Whereas, the igneous body in Type 2 just separated the slope into an upper sub-sag and a lower main-sag, in which the sediments could be transported into the lower main-sag only after the upper sub-sag has been filled up. Type 3 represents a normal slope with common clinoform progradation. The modern slope morphologies in the study area are the results of adjustments of the continental slope due to the intrusion of igneous bodies and associated sedimentary processes. The distinctions among three types of modern slope morphologies indicate different depositional conditions and adjustments of slope morphologies.

关键词： igneous bodies modern slope morphology Dongsha Islands South China Sea

Advances in research of the mid-deep South China Sea circulation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第12期62卷 1992-2004页

作者： Dongxiao WANG Qiang WANG Shuqun CAI Xiaodong SHANG Shiqiu PENG Yeqiang SHU Jingen XIAO Xiaohui xie Zhiwei ZHANG Zhiqiang LIU Jian LAN Dake CHEN Huijie XUE Guihua WANG Jianping GAN xinong xie Rui ZHANG Hui CHEN Qingxuan YANG State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMNRHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography MOEOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Department of Ocean Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Mathematics and Division of Environment Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China College of Marine Science and Technology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Oceanic and Earth Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

The South China Sea(SCS)is a large marginal sea connecting the Indian and Pacific oceans.Under the factors of monsoons,strait transport,and varied bathymetry,the SCS presents a three-layer structure and strong diapycnal mixing which is far greater than that in the open ocean.Theoretical analysis and observations reveal that internal tides,internal solitary waves,and strong winds are the sources of the strong mixing in the northern SCS.A major consequence of the strong mixing is an active mid-deep circulation system.This system promotes exchange of water between the SCS and adjacent oceans,and also regulates the upper layer of wind-driven circulation,making the 3 dimensional SCS circulation clearly different from that in other tropical and subtropical marginal seas.The mass transport capacity of the mid-deep circulation has a substantial impact on marine sedimentation,the biogeochemical cycle,and other processes in the SCS.This paper summarizes the recent advances in middeep sea circulation dynamics of the SCS,and discusses the opportunities and challenges in this area.

关键词： Mid-deep South China Sea circulation Diapycnal mixing Multi-scale processes interaction

MULTI-LAYER PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN CONTROLLABLE CONSTRAINED DAMPING TREATMENT

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2007年第4期20卷 94-100页

作者： ZHANG xinong xie Shilin ZHANG Yahong School of Aerospace Xi＇ an Jiaotong University Xi＇ an 710049. China

A kind of novel multi-layer piezoelectric actuator is proposed and integrated with controllable constrained damping treatment to perform hybrid vibration control. The governing equation of the system is derived based on the constitutive equations of elastic, viscoelastic and piezoelectric materials, which shows that the magnitude of control force exerted by multi-layer piezoelectric actuator is the quadratic function of the number of piezoelectric laminates used but in direct proportion to control voltage. This means that the multi-layer actuator can produce greater actuating force than that by piezoelectric laminate actuator with the same area under the identical control voltage. The optimal location placement of the multi-layer piezoelectric actuator is also discussed. As an example, the hybrid vibration control of a cantilever rectangular thin-plate is numerically simulated and carried out experimentally. The simulated and experimental results validate the power of multi-layer piezoelectric actuator and indicate that the present hybrid damping technique can effectively suppress the low frequency modal vibration of the experimental thin-plate structure.

关键词： Vibration control Multi-layer piezoelectric actuator Controllable constrained damping treatment Hybrid damping

Hybrid calibration method for six-component force/torque transducers of wind tunnel balance based on support vector machines

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2013年第3期26卷 554-562页

作者： Ma Yingkun xie Shilin Zhang xinong Luo Yajun State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace Xi'an Jiaotong University

A hybrid calibration approach based on support vector machines （SVM） is proposed to characterize nonlinear cross coupling of multi-dimensional transducer. It is difficult to identify these unknown nonlinearities and crosstalk just with a single conventional calibration approach. In this paper, a hybrid model comprising calibration matrix and SVM model for calibrating linearity and nonlinearity respectively is built up. The calibration matrix is determined by linear artificial neural network （ANN）, and the SVM is used to compensate for the nonlinear cross coupling among each dimension. A simulation of the calibration of a multi-dimensional sensor is conducted by the SVM hybrid calibration method, which is then utilized to calibrate a six-component force/torque transducer of wind tunnel balance. From the calibrating results, it can be indicated that the SVM hybrid calibration method has improved the calibration accuracy significantly without increasing data samples, compared with calibration matrix. Moreover, with the calibration matrix, the hybrid model can provide a basis for the design of transducers.

关键词： Hybrid Multi-dimensional Nonlinear coupling Support vector machines Transducers

New insights on the origin of the basement of the Xisha Uplift,South China Sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第12期60卷 2214-2222页

作者： ZHU WeiLin xie xinong WANG ZhenFeng ZHANG DaoJun ZHANG ChengLi CAO LiCheng SHAO Lei State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources Ministry of EducationChina University of Geoscience(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Zhanjiang Branch CNOOC LimitedZhanjiang 524057China Department of Geology Northwestern UniversityXi'an 710069China

The study of basement geochronology provides crucial insights into the tectonic evolution of oceans. However, early studies on the basement of the Xisha Uplift were constrained by limited geophysical and seismic data; Xiyong1 was the only commercial borehole drilled during the 1970 s because of the huge thickness of overlying Cenozoic strata on the continental margin. Utilizing two newly-acquired basement samples from borehole XK1, we present petrological analysis and zircon uranium(U)-lead(Pb) isotope dating data in this paper that enhance our understanding of the formation and tectonic features of the Xisha Uplift basement. Results indicate that this basement is composed of Late Jurassic amphibole plagiogneisses that have an average zircon 206 Pb/238 U age of 152.9±1.7 Ma. However, the youngest age of these rocks, 137±1 Ma, also suggests that metamorphism termination within the Xisha basement occurred by the Early Cretaceous. These metamorphic rocks have adamellites underneath them which were formed by magmatic intrusions during the late stage of the Early Cretaceous(107.8±3.6 Ma). Thus, in contrast to the Precambrian age(bulk rubidium(Rb)-strontium(Sr) analysis, 627 Ma) suggested by previous work on the nearby Xiyong1 borehole, zircons from XK1 are likely the product of Late Mesozoic igneous activity. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous regional metamorphism and granitic intrusions are not confined to Xisha; rocks have also been documented from areas including the Pearl River Mouth Basin and the Nansha Islands(Spratly Islands) and thus are likely closely related to large-scale and long-lasting subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate underneath the continental margins of East Asia, perhaps the result of closure of the Meso-Tethys in the South China Sea(SCS). Controversies remain as to whether, or not, the SCS region developed initially on a uniform Precambrian-aged metamorphic crystalline basement. It is clear, however, that by this time both Mesozoic compressive subduction and Cenozoic rifting and extension had signi

关键词： South China Sea Xisha Islands Basement Mesozoic Zircon dating